.高中英語之“主謂一致” (Andy整理)（*）主謂一致的概念。 所謂主謂一致是指“主語和謂語動(dòng)詞”之間,即（主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式）決定著（謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式）。（1） 主謂一致的種類一、【語法一致】1. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。（2）如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語要用單數(shù)。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。2. 如果主語是的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 When he is coming seems very important. 他什么時(shí)候要來看起來很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛好。 To love her is not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。.3. 定語從句的在從句中作主語時(shí)，要與的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)而變化。例如：The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。 二、意義一致原則 指主謂一致取決于主語的其實(shí)際意義。（有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。）不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。 None of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學(xué)生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候,。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.3. 集合名詞作主語, 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。His family _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬?。His family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜摺?. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒找到。一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如： The pair of shoes is worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。7.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。 如：不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語在句中作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 聽不到任何聲音。9. 以a number of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); 以the number of 作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣, 作主語的時(shí)候, 其謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主語有more than one很多 非?；騧any a許多構(gòu)成，one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. A pair of shoes was on the desk. Many a boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.三、就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語保持一致。Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.注意事項(xiàng)this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數(shù); 短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語) (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語用單數(shù), men of this kind 和these kind of men 的謂語用復(fù)數(shù), all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“the number of + 名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.短語in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。 4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:5. 表示數(shù)量的one and a half