1、SectionVSummary and Writingi重點(diǎn)詞匯1.philosophy n.哲學(xué)philosopher n.哲學(xué)家2.individual adj.單獨(dú)的；個(gè)別的n.個(gè)人individually adv.單獨(dú)地；個(gè)別地3.king n.國(guó)王kingdom n.王國(guó)； 領(lǐng)域4.chief adj.最重要的；最高級(jí)別的n.（公司或機(jī)構(gòu)的）首領(lǐng)；酋長(zhǎng)chiefs （pl.）（部落）首領(lǐng)；酋長(zhǎng)5. jointo把和連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來（同義詞組）connect . with .6.break_away_（from_sb./sth.）脫離；背叛；逃脫break sth. apart把.折斷或

2、分開7.belong to屬于.owe to歸功于.thanks to多虧了.8.as_well_as同（一樣也）；和；還as well也9.defendv.防御；保衛(wèi)defencen.防御；保衛(wèi)10. surroundvt.圍繞；包圍surrounded by/with .被. 包圍11. evident adj.清楚的；顯然的evidencen.證據(jù)；證明12. locate v.確定.的準(zhǔn)確地點(diǎn)be located_at .位于.location n.地方；地點(diǎn)；位置13. keep_your_eyes_open_（for）留心； 留意keep an eye on/upon .對(duì).留意1

3、4. sure adj.確信；有把握ensurevt.保證；確保；擔(dān)保15. eager adj.熱切的；渴望的be eager_for渴望得至U.be eagerto_dosth.渴望做某事16. crowd n.人群；一群人；民眾vt.擠滿；使.擁擠crowded adj.擁擠的be crowded with .擠滿.n教材原句1.Fi nally,inthe20thcen tury,the_southern_part_of_lreland_broke_away_from_the_UK,_which resulted in the full name we have today.(P40)

4、最終，在20世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭南部脫離了英國(guó)，這就產(chǎn)生了我們今天的全名。2.The four countries that_belong_to_the_United_Kingdom work together insome areas.(P40)屬于聯(lián)合王國(guó)的這四個(gè)國(guó)家在有些領(lǐng)域相互協(xié)作。3.If_you_keep_your_eyes_open,_you will be surprised to find that you can seeboth its past and its present.(P41)如果你留意，你會(huì)驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)你能看到它的過去和現(xiàn)在Irelandsbeautifulhas al

5、ways had a great in flue nee on its people and traditio ns.(P44)愛爾蘭美麗的鄉(xiāng)村一直深深影響著它的人民和傳統(tǒng)5.The peaceful landscape of the“Emerald Isle”garndniteornnties is atruefeastfortheeyes,with_its_rolli ng_gree n_ hills_dotted_with_sheep_a nd_cattle.(P44)“綠寶石(愛爾蘭島)”風(fēng)光寧?kù)o秀美，郡縣草木蔥蘢，青山連綿起伏，牛羊 點(diǎn)綴其中，堪稱一場(chǎng)名副其實(shí)的視覺盛宴。6.If y

6、ou are lucky, you might be able toenjoy_some_traditi on al_music_a nd_da ncin g,_too.(P44)幸運(yùn)的話，你或許也可以欣賞到一些傳統(tǒng)的音樂和舞蹈。m書面表達(dá)文化傳統(tǒng)類話題概要寫作技法指導(dǎo)1.文化傳統(tǒng)類話題的概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。 這就要求考生在寫作時(shí)要找關(guān)鍵詞和主題句，準(zhǔn)確理解、分析原文要點(diǎn)，歸納段落大意。2.各要點(diǎn)的表達(dá)既要相對(duì)獨(dú)立，又要有適當(dāng)?shù)你暯?，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)貫 通全文，切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每?jī)删渲g都加關(guān)聯(lián) 詞語(yǔ)，以免顯得生硬。3.所用句型力求簡(jiǎn)單，

7、安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較 多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。4.不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己 的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì) 更好。此外，要盡量使用短句，慎用長(zhǎng)難句。例如，盡量少用關(guān)系代詞which, who等引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，而采用動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。多使用概括性詞 語(yǔ)，少用具體描述性詞語(yǔ)。經(jīng)典句式1.開頭常用句式1As we all kno w, . is a hero in history.眾所周知，是歷史上的英雄。2Have you heard of .?你聽說過嗎？

8、countrysid3Every tradition has its unique background.每一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)都有其特定背景。4Like most festivals, . always falls on a special day.像大多數(shù)節(jié)日一樣，.總是在某一個(gè)特定的日子。2主體段落常用句式1Because we all value our own traditi on s,.因?yàn)槲覀兌颊湟曃覀冏约旱膫鹘y(tǒng)。2They all enjoy the beauty and spirit these activities bring to them.他們都很喜歡這些活動(dòng)帶給他們的美和精神上的

9、享受。3Dont forget the values and honors beh ind the stories.不要忘記這些故事背后的價(jià)值和榮耀。4These eve nts cha nged the course of history.這些事件改變了歷史的進(jìn)程。3.結(jié)尾常用句式1After all, this is a longhistory tow n.畢竟這是一個(gè)歷史悠久的城鎮(zhèn)。2All the above is just what it means truly.上述內(nèi)容恰恰就是它的真正含義。3Beautiful sights and kindhearted reside nts a

10、re part of the lege nd.美麗的風(fēng)光和善良的居民是這個(gè)傳奇的一部分。4Can you imagine anything more traditional than the music and dancing?你還能想象得出比音樂和舞蹈更加傳統(tǒng)的事物嗎？典例演練閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。December was a“big deal”in Sweden and Finland not only because of Christmas, butbecause Saint Lucias Day is on Dec. 13. Start ing in k

11、in dergarte n and con ti nuing all throughout highschool, on this day one lucky girl was selected to be“Saint LuciaFor many girls, this was a big deal, though I pers on ally really feared being picked and much preferredbeing one of Lucias han dmaids.It is not certain how the Saint Lucia tradition fo

12、und its way to Sweden, and then also to Finland.The lege nd of Saint Lucia is known in most Europea n coun tries, and has its roots in Italy. It is thoughtthat during a time when the rulers of the land did not approve of Christia nity, a woma n n amed Luciadecided to try and spread words of God and

13、help the poor. Lucia was put on trial, and whe n she refusedto give up her belief, she was senten ced to be burn ed. But whe n the guards tried to light the fire, itwould not light. Unfortunately, this did not save Lucia, who at last was killed by a knife.No one knows exactly how this lege nd has ch

14、a nged into the unique Swedish traditi on today, butthere are certa inly some eleme nts that can be recog ni zed. Saint Lucia, a girl dressed in a long whitedress with a crown of candles in her hair, brings light and good spirit to everybody, lightening up the coldDecember weather.Both in Swede n an

15、d Finland Saint Lucias Day is a n ati on ally celebrated traditi on. The people ofthe city or tow n can vote for their favorite girl out of several can didates, and the winner is crow ned onDecember 13th together with her en tourage隨從）.This year, 18yearold high school student ElinAndersson was crown

16、ed Lucia, and following her coronation （加冕禮）she will appear at around 80different events over the n ext month in her role as“a brin ger of light”精彩范文The passage is mainly about the orig in of Saint Lucias Day. It is well known that a woma n calledSai nt Lucia spread words of God and helped the poor.

17、 （要點(diǎn)1） However, Christianity was not approvedat that time, but Lucia stuck to her belief.（要 點(diǎn)2）At last, she was sentencedto death and got severelypunished.（要點(diǎn)3） Now Saint Lucias Day, held on Dec. 13 every year with a lucky girl selected to be“SaintLucia”becomes a n ati on ally celebrated festival in

18、 memory of her in Swede n andFin la nd.（要點(diǎn)4）【總評(píng)】本文按照原文的寫作順序，用精準(zhǔn)又不失高級(jí)的句式概括了圣露西亞節(jié)的歷史，對(duì)文章要點(diǎn)把握準(zhǔn)確，同義詞、句的轉(zhuǎn)換也很到位?！玖咙c(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)】（1）主語(yǔ)從句It is well known that以及同位語(yǔ)held on Dec. 13 every year with alucky girl selected to be“S的n運(yùn)用使文章句型結(jié)構(gòu)豐富。（2）stick to, in memory of等短語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用言簡(jiǎn)意賅，內(nèi)涵豐富。（3）However, At last等連接詞的運(yùn)用使文章銜接自然，層次分明。閱

19、讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Almost all Americans are involved with sports in some way. They may play baseball or volleyball orgo swimming or skiing. They may watch football or basketball on the high school, college, orprofessional level. Sports may seem like an innocent pleasure, but it is important to

20、 look under thesurface. In reality, sports have reached a point where they play too large a role in daily life. They take uptoo much media time, play too large a role in the raising of children, and give too much power andprestige （聲望） to athletes.The overemphasis（過度強(qiáng)調(diào)）on sports can be seen most obv

21、iously in the vast media coverageof athlete events. It seems as if every race, meet, or match is shown on one television channel oranother. In addition, sports make up about 30 percent of local news. Radio offers a full list of games anda wide variety of sports shows. Furthermore, many daily papers

22、such as US Today are devoting moreand more space to sports coverage.The way we raise and educate our children also illustrates our sports craziness. As early as six orseven, kids are placed in little leagues, often to play under screaming coaches and pressuring parents.Later, in high school, student

23、s who are singled out by the school and the community are not those whoare the best academically but those who are the best athletically. And college sometimes seems to bemore about sports than about learning. The United States may be the only country in the world wherepeople often think of their co

24、lleges as teams first and schools second.Our sports craziness is especially evident in the prestige given to athletes in the United States. Forone thing, we reward them with enormous salaries. In 1990, for example, baseball players averaged$350,000 a year; the average annual salary in the United Sta

25、tes is $18,000. Besides their huge salaries,athletes receive awe, admiration, and sometimes the votes of the public.Why are Americans so mad about sports? Perhaps we like to see the competitiveness weexperience in our daily lives acted out on playing fields.寫前導(dǎo)讀： 本文是一篇議論文。全文討論了體育運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)人生活、學(xué)習(xí)、 社會(huì)活動(dòng)中的重

26、要作用。精彩范文Americans are too mad about sports. （要點(diǎn)1） The media, like the TV , radio and papers, devotetoo much time and space to covering sports news.(要點(diǎn)2) Besides, sports craz in ess is also reflectedin the way America ns raise and educate their children.(要點(diǎn)3) In addition, American athletes enjoygreat

27、 salaries and prestige. The competitive ness facing America ns in their daily lives may partly account for their sports craz in ess.要點(diǎn)4)課外拓展閱讀中國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化專題練閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形 式。Porcelain, also _1_ (call) fine china, featuring its delicate texture, pleasing color, and refinedsculpture, h

28、as bee n one of the _2 (good) artworks in troduced to the western world through the SilkRoad. The earliest one _3_ (find) made of Kaolin in the Shang Dyn asty (17th 11th Cen tury BC),and possessed the com mon aspects of the smooth ness and un affected quality of hard en ame瓷 釉),though pottery wares陶

29、 器)were more _4_ (wide) used among most of the ordinary people. Any wayit was the begi nning. In the follow in g dyn asties, due _5_ its durability (耐久性)and shine, porcelainrapidly became _6_ necessity of daily life, especially in the middle and upper classes. They weremade in the form of all kinds of _7_ (item), such as bowls, cups, tea sets, vases, jewel cases, musicalin strume nts and boxes, as well as pillows for traditi onal doctors to use to feel on es pulse.Through the _8 (develop) of over 4,000 years, now it is still a brilliant kind of art that attr