1、現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的比較及練習(現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時)現(xiàn)在完成時一、現(xiàn)在完成時的意義及其構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài), 其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在; 也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成: have (has) +過去分詞二、通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時的幾種情況：1、表示過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。   The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy(Justin在過去失蹤，但Kelly至今仍舊為他的失蹤感到不高興)2、表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 

2、0; I havent seen Justin since last Friday night(從上周五晚上到現(xiàn)在一直都沒有見到過3、表示動作的確切時間不明確或不重要。   The boy has already come home(男孩已經(jīng)回家，但沒有指出何時回家)4、表示剛結(jié)束的動作。   The police have just finished searching the area(警方剛結(jié)束對該地區(qū)的搜查)5、表示反復發(fā)生的動作。   Some villagers say that t

3、hey have seen UFOs many times(村民們曾多次看到UFO)三、常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語1、 表示過去的事或動作對現(xiàn)在有影響，動作的時間不明確、不重要或動作剛結(jié)束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑問句)、yet(用于否定句或疑問句)、ever、just、recently、lately never等。除此之外，before也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。   The boy has already come home男孩已經(jīng)來家了。   I haven't heard anything from him y

4、et/ recentlylately. 近來，我沒收到他的任何信件。   The police have just finished searching the area警方已經(jīng)結(jié)束對這個地區(qū)的搜查。   I've met the old man somewhere before我以前在某個地方見過那位老人。2、 表示動作從過去開始，并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，一般可用forsince短語或由since引導的時間狀語從句。在介詞for后一般跟表示一段時間的短語，在since后一般跟表示某個時間的短語，或表示過去時間的狀語從句。

5、  We haven't seen him for two yearssince 2002我兩年沒見到他了/自從2002年以來就沒見過他。  We haven't seen him since he left Nanjing自從他離開南京我們就一直沒見到過他。3、 表示反復發(fā)生的動作，一般可用數(shù)詞+times、recently和lately等。   Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately一些村民說他們多次/

6、近來看到飛碟。四、用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型： 1) It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分, 用現(xiàn)在完成時。如果主句是過去時，從句相應(yīng)地改為過去完成時。例如：    It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。    It was the third time that the boy had been late. 這是男孩第三次遲到了。2) sb./ sth. + be + 形

7、容詞最高級+ that結(jié)構(gòu), that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。如果主句是過去時，從句相應(yīng)地改為過去完成時。例如：This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的電影中最好的一部。  You are the most creative man that I have ever met. 你是我遇到過的人中最有創(chuàng)造性的一位。 3) since 引導時間狀語從句時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。例如：  It has been/ is a long time since I last c

8、ame to the city. 自從我上次到城里來，已經(jīng)有好長一段時間了。I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I have been there ever since.我是在那個學校開始我的教書生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，從那時起我一直就在那兒。注意: 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。(錯) I have received his letter for a month.(對) I received this

9、letter a month ago.(對) I haven't received his letter for almost a month.比較since和for  用 法舉       例since說明動作起始時間I have lived here since I was born.自從出生以來我一直住這兒。for說明動作延續(xù)時間長度I have lived here for more than 20 years.我已經(jīng)住這兒20多年了。一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別  &

10、#160;一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時意義過去發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情, 強調(diào)動作過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響, 強調(diào)的是影響。構(gòu)成didhave/ has done常用時間狀語yesterday, last week, ago,in1980, in October, just now等具體的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,up to now, in the past/ last years等不確定的時間狀語動詞特征come, go, leave, start, die,finish, become, get married,move,

11、 join等非持續(xù)性動詞live, teach, learn, wait, read, work, study, know, stay, be away/in , stay, talk, paint, have等延續(xù)性動詞注意：由when, where等引導的特殊疑問句，較少使用現(xiàn)在完成時，常用一般過去時。 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的意義及其構(gòu)成：    現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某一動作在過去開始發(fā)生, 已經(jīng)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并且還將持續(xù), 或剛剛停止。其構(gòu)成:have (has) +been + doingI have been l

12、earning English for three years. (學英語這個動作從三年前開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還將繼續(xù)學)I have been waiting three hours for you. (等待從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，剛剛結(jié)束)二、通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進行時的兩種情況：1 表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)之中。  I have not been sleeping well since I returned home(“我”回家后一直都沒有睡好，現(xiàn)在也沒有睡好)2 表示過去開始的動作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。 

13、60;Kelly：Sorry I'm lateHave you been waiting long? (凱利剛到，對方雖然不再等了，但已一直等到現(xiàn)在)  Sally：YesI have been waiting for an hour現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時皆可表示動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。如：We have been cleaning the classroom我們打掃教室來著。其直接結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰。表示教室剛剛打掃過。We have cleaned the classroom我們把教室打掃過了。

14、其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打掃的?，F(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別  現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時意義表示事件或動作剛結(jié)束強調(diào)動作仍在繼續(xù)構(gòu)成have (has) +過去分詞have (has) +been + doing提問方式表示反復發(fā)生的動作，提問時用how many times表示持續(xù)的、不間斷的動作，提問時用how long謂語用表示狀態(tài)或動作的動詞做謂語只能用表示動作的動詞做謂語注意：現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever這樣的詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子中則不可以用這樣的詞。 Helen has

15、read a book about Stonehenge. (可表示海倫已經(jīng)讀完了)Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (表示海倫仍在讀)- How many times have you visited Egypt this month?-I have visited Egypt twice this month.(現(xiàn)在完成時在這一組對話當中表示被問者過去往返于埃及和居住地，但現(xiàn)已經(jīng)回來)- How long have you been touring Egypt ?- I have been touring Egypt for t

16、wo months.(現(xiàn)在完成進行時在這一組對話中表示被問者過去一段時間內(nèi)一直呆在埃及，沒有離開過)I have had this camera for five years(had是表示“擁有”狀態(tài)的動詞)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (taken是表示動作的動詞)I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. (taking是表示動作的動詞)Ive never visited Paris. 我從未參觀過巴黎。I've already been to Par

17、is. 我已經(jīng)去過巴黎了。. 選擇填空1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained before?  John: Yes, I       a research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.A. make     B. made      C. have been m

18、aking      D. have made2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but he       as an actor for several years.   A. worked     B. has worked      C. had worked  &#

19、160;  D. had been worked3. Now that you       a famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?A. have been      B. are          C. were      

20、     D. had been4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.  Miss. Huang: So you are. You       on the documents all day.  A. are working       B. have worked     C.

21、 were working     D. have been working5. Tom: I       here three days ago.  Andy: What       these days?A. got; did you do         B. have got; have y

22、ou doneC. had got; will you do     D. got; have you been doing6. Annie: Im sorry to keep you waiting.  Michael: Oh, not at all. I       here only a few minutes.  A. have been      B. had bee

23、n         C. was          D. will be7. You dont need to describe her. I       her several times.  A. had met        B. h

24、ave met       C. met       D. meet8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?  Jim: I       here for about half a year, and I miss my family very much.   A

25、. come        B. came          C. have come        D. have been9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934)       the world lead

26、ing inventor for about sixty years.  A. would be       B. has been       C. was       D. had been10. Billy:       the sport meeting might be put off.&

27、#160;  Paul: Yes, it all depends on the weather.  A. Ive been told      B. Ive told       C. Im told       D. I told11. Johnson: What bad luck that we      

28、; the football match in the last 3 minutes.   Thomas: Especially when we       so hard in the past years.  A. had lost; trained             B. were losing; had rained

29、0; C. have lost; have trained        D. lost; have been training12. Melissa: Hi, Mary. Its nice hearing from you.   Mary: I       coming to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so.  

30、; A. had thought of              B. thought ofC. have been thinking of         D. have thought of13. Tom: Miss Jones       music at Eton School f

31、or ten years.   Sarah: No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden.   A. teachers    B. used to teach    C. is teaching     D. has been teaching14. Tracy: I think the waitress must have forgotten us.

32、we       here for over half an hour and nobody       our order yet.   John: I suppose you are right.A. have been waiting; has taken        B. have been waiting; tookC. have be

33、en waited; has taken         D. have waited; took15. The students dont want to have their supper until they       their experiment.  A. finished      B. have finished  &#

34、160;  C. had finished      D. will finish16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I       time to play since the new year.   A. havent     B. dont have      C.

35、 havent had      D. dont have had17. By now students in Grade One       1,700 English words and phrases.   A. should learn     B. have learned     C. learned  &

36、#160;   D. learn18. I       my history this time yesterday. Now I       all my work for today.  A. reviewed; had done            B. was reviewing

37、; had done   C. was reviewing; have done       D. reviewed; have done19. I       unexplained things recently and I even       some writing.  A. have been researching; hav

38、e started        B. have researched; had started   C. have been researching; have been starting   D. have been researched; have started20. Tom: Where have you been? I       you the whole day.

39、0;  Kate: I was in the library reading magazines.   A. have been telephoning           B. had telephoned   C. telephoned              &

40、#160;     D. was telephoned21. The boss       yet when and where to take her paid holiday.   A. has decided    B. didnt decide    C. hasnt decided    D. hadnt decide

41、d22. Jane: How are you today?   Ben: Oh, I       this ill in a long time.   A. didnt feel     B. wasnt feeling     C. dont feel    D. havent felt23. Shirley 

42、60;     a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.   A. has written     B. wrote       C. had written      D. was writing24. Peter: Hi, Tra

43、cy, you look tried.   Tracy: I am tired. I       the living room all day.   A. painted        B. had painted    C. have been painting   D. have painted25. I don

44、t really work here. I       until the new secretary arrives.  A. just help out            B. have just help out  C. am just helping out       D. will

45、just help out26. The price       , but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.  A. went down       B. will go down     C. has gone down      D. was going

46、 down27. I wonder why Jenny       us recently. We should have heard from her by now.   A. hasnt written    B. doesnt write      C. wont write     D. hadnt written28. The high

47、building is reported to       down last month.  A. be torn       B. have been torn      C. tear       D. have torn29. Who is Jerry Cooper?   

48、;-       ? I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.  A. Dont you meet him yet        B. Didnt you meet him yet  C. Havent you met him yet       D. Hadnt you met h

49、im yet30. I       my washing machine the whole morning. I must get t done before noon.  A. have repaired      B. am repairing      C. will repair      D. have been r

50、epairing31. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago. I        well since then.  A. havent been sleeping      B. havent sleep     C. didnt sleep     D. dont sleep32. Ex

51、perts       for Yetis in the Himalayas for years, but they still       one.  A. have looked; havent been finding       B. have looked; havent been found   C. are looking;

52、 havent been found         D. have been looking; havent found . 用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. The aliens say they come from zeton and                     (

53、travel) for 2 years2. How many times              you                 (swim) in the sea?3. How long               the children                (play) computer games?4. They