1、2021/3/91語法難點突破之八語法難點突破之八 特殊句式特殊句式 語法專題突破語法專題突破2021/3/922021/3/932021/3/942021/3/952021/3/962021/3/972021/3/982021/3/992021/3/9102021/3/9112021/3/9122021/3/9132021/3/914C 2021/3/915B 2021/3/916A 2021/3/917is smoking permitted So it was with 2021/3/918had I learned did he go can one 2021/3/919D 2021/

2、3/920D 2021/3/921B 2021/3/922D 2021/3/923D 2021/3/924D 2021/3/925 主謂一致主謂一致 一、語法一致原則 主語單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，即主語是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 兩名學生在辦公室等你。2021/3/926 二、意義一致原則謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 (1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武

3、漢。 (2)“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。2021/3/927 (3)one/every one/each/either/the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。 Each of the students has a book.每個學生都有一本書。 (4)由every，any，s

4、ome，no和one，thing，body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。 Is everybody here today？今天每個人都在這兒嗎？2021/3/928 (5)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們看起來確實難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好習慣。 Whatever was left was taken away. 無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。 注意：what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式，

5、若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What they need are books.他們需要的是書。2021/3/929謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況 (1)由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黃油都賣完了。 (2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。 (3)一些常用做復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如goods，stairs，arms

6、等作主語。 The goods are made in China.這些貨物都是中國制造的。2021/3/930 (4)由山脈、群島、瀑布等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。 (5)a number of/quantities of/a group of名詞作主語。 A number of other plants were found in America. 在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。2021/3/931謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 (1)集體名詞class，family，army，team，

7、club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主語，強調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中國人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。2021/3/932 (2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定，這類詞有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。 Every means

8、 has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每種方法都試過，但沒有一個有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。2021/3/933 (3)“kind，sort，pair，type名詞”作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 The kind of paper is made from straw.這種紙是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些種類的動物要滅

9、絕了。 (4)all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All is going on very well.一切順利。 All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。2021/3/934 (5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分數(shù)/百分數(shù)of名詞”作主語，謂語動詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 有很多學生要來開會。 A lot of work

10、 is to be done to prepare for the conference. 準備這次會議需要做大量的工作。2021/3/935 三、就近一致原則 (1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不適合這份工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？2021/3/936 注意：“with/along with/tog

11、ether with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. 損失的責任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔。2021/3/937 (2)由there，here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒

12、內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 Are there three books and one pen on your desk? 你的書桌上有三本書和一支鋼筆嗎？2021/3/938 1(福建卷)Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water_. Ahave polluted Bis being polluted Chas been polluted Dhave been polluted2021/3/939 【解析】句意為：這湖水怎么這么難聞？因為大量的水已經(jīng)被污染了。本題考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。water

13、與pollute為被動關(guān)系，故排除A項；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)與quantities保持一致，故排除C項，答案為D項。 【答案】D2021/3/940 2(陜西卷)Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer. Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to 【解析】當主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保

14、持一致，故可排除B、D兩項；根據(jù)時間狀語this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)。 【答案】A 2021/3/941 3(四川卷)The teacher together with the students_discussing Reading Skills that_newly published in America. Aare；were Bis；were Care；was Dis；was 【解析】 句意為：老師和同學們在討論美國剛出版的閱讀技巧一書。不難看出主句的主語是the teacher，together with the students是附加部分，而Reading Skills

15、 是一個書名也應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 【答案】D2021/3/942 4(2009年湖南卷)Either you or one of your students_to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. Aare Bis Chave Dbe 【解析】句意為：要么是你或者你的一名學生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。該題考查的是主謂一致，按照就近一致原則，one of your students的中心詞為one，謂語動詞該用單數(shù)，在本句中is to do表示應(yīng)該(should)。 【答案】B2021/3/943 5(江西卷)At present，one of t

16、he arguments in favor of the new airport_that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. Ais Bare Cwill be Dwas 【解析】句意為：目前，人們贊成建一座新機場的理由之一是它將給這個地區(qū)帶來很多的就業(yè)機會。本題考查動詞時態(tài)，At presentNow是解題的關(guān)鍵。 【答案】A2021/3/944 6(陜西卷)Did you go to the show last night? Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited. Awere Bhave be

17、en Chas been Dwas 【解析】主語是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時間，所以應(yīng)選擇was。 【答案】D2021/3/945 7(浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where_yet. Ahasnt been decided Bhavent decided Cisnt being decided Darent decided 【解析】本題考查主謂一致。when and where引導(dǎo)的從句或

18、跟不定式連用時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，再根據(jù)本題意思應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。 【答案】A2021/3/946 8(湖南卷)We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks_so small that a day is unimportant. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been 【解析】此題考查主謂一致的基本用法。主語是time，后面of days and weeks是它的定語，所以謂語用單數(shù)。 【答案】A2021/3/947 9(江西卷)A survey of the opinions of ex

19、perts_that three hours of outdoor exercise a week_good for ones health. Ashow；are Bshows；is Cshow；is Dshows；are 【解析】本題考查主謂一致。第一空的主語是a survey，故用單數(shù)shows；第二空是不可數(shù)名詞exercise作主語，故用is。 【答案】B2021/3/948 10(陜西卷)As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area_. Aneed repairing Bneeds to

20、 repair Cneeds repairing Dneed to repair 【解析】此題考查主謂一致及“need”的特殊用法。twothirds of the buildings作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)與the buildings保持一致，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。need 此處意為“需要”，用法應(yīng)是need to be done/need doing。 【答案】A2021/3/949 1(2013屆東北三校聯(lián)考)Hi，what did our monitor say just now? Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to

21、visit Water Cube_asked to be at the school gate before 6 30 in the morning. Ais Bwere Care Dwas2021/3/950 【解析】考查主謂一致。every.and every.結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由此可以排除B、C兩項；根據(jù)前面的are to visit Water Cube的時態(tài)可知，A項正確。 【答案】A2021/3/951 2(2013屆錦州模擬)John as well as the other children who_no parents_good care of in

22、the center. Ahave；is being taken Bhave；has taken Chas；is taken Dhas；have been taken2021/3/952 【解析】考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)，句意為：約翰同其他那些沒有父母的孩子一起在這個中心受到很好的照顧。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾other children所以謂語動詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)；名詞1as well as/besides/with/together with ect.名詞2時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)就遠原則由名詞1決定，所以第二空謂語動詞為單數(shù)，約翰正在受到照顧，因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動形式。 【答案】A2021/3/953

23、 3(2013屆東城檢測)The number of people，who have access to their own cars，_sharply in the past decade. Arose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen 【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。本句的主語是the number，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)；in the past decade表示時間從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，即“十年來”，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 【答案】D2021/3/954 4(2013屆江西五校聯(lián)考)Professor Wang，together with his colleagues，

24、_working on the project day and night to _the deadline. Aare；meet Bis；meet Care；satisfy Dis；satisfy 【解析】考查主謂一致和詞語搭配。當主語后跟有together with，as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，謂語動詞應(yīng)和主語保持一致，此處主語是Professor Wang，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；meet the deadline表示“在截止日期前完成”。 【答案】B2021/3/955 5(2013屆泰安模擬)Large quantities of information，as well as

25、 some timely help_since the organization was built. Ahas offered Bhad been offered Chave been offered Dis offered 【解析】由as well as連接的復(fù)合主語并不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)，“l(fā)arge quantites of名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。分析題目可知動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在還有影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 【答案】C2021/3/956 6(2013年鄭州一模)Buying clothes_a hard job because the clothes a perso

26、n likes_not very often fit him or her. Aare；do Bis；does Care；does Dis；do 【解析】考查主謂一致。主句主語是動名詞短語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式is；從句的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞clothes，因此用do。 【答案】D2021/3/957 7(2013年江蘇南通質(zhì)檢)On the contrary，I think it is Truman，_you，_ to blame. Amore than；are Bless than；who are Crather than；that is Drather than；is 【解析】句意是：相反，我認

27、為是Truman而不是你該受到責備。題干包含一個強調(diào)句式，強調(diào)的是賓語從句的主語，所以謂語動詞要與Truman一致。此句表示選擇關(guān)系，所以要用rather than。 【答案】C2021/3/958 8(2013年合肥市高三第一次教學質(zhì)量檢測)Every student as well as teachers who_to visit the museum_asked to be at the school gate on time. Ais；is Bare；are Cis；are Dare；is 【解析】考查主謂一致。who，which，that作定語從句的主語時，其謂語的數(shù)取決于先行詞，所

28、以第一空用復(fù)數(shù)are；主語后有as well as等時，謂語應(yīng)同其前面的主語保持一致，所以第二空用單數(shù)。 【答案】D2021/3/959 9(2013年湖南高三十二校聯(lián)考)An exhibiton of paintings_at the museum next week. Aare to be held Bare holding Cis holding Dis to be held 【解析】考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。hold的賓語是an exhibition，而不是paintings，所以應(yīng)該是被動語態(tài)。本句的主語是an exhibition，of paintings是介詞短語作后置定語，所以謂語動

29、詞是單數(shù)，再結(jié)合時間狀語next week可知是表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。be to do sth.通常表示按照計劃或安排將要發(fā)生某事，此處是被動形式。 【答案】D2021/3/960 10(2013年蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學情況調(diào)查一)_of the people on the Net_Chinas economy is among the strongest in the world. AFourfifth；believes BFourfifth；believe CFourfifths；believe DFourfifths；believes 【解析】本題考查分數(shù)表達和主謂一致。4/5fou

30、rfifths。題干主語是(網(wǎng)絡(luò)上)4/5的人，是復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語動詞用動詞原形。 【答案】C2021/3/961 11(2013年湖北部分重點中學高三第一次聯(lián)考)Many a writer of newspaper articles_to writing novels. Ahas turned Bhave turned Cbeing turned Dare going to turn 【解析】考查主謂一致?！癿any a可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示“許多”。 【答案】A2021/3/962 12(2013年北京海淀區(qū)高三第一學期期中考試)Each of the students working hard at their lessons_the book. So have I. Ais read