1、英語虛擬語氣的用法一. 語氣的概念英語動詞不僅有時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的變化，而且還有語氣的變化。語氣和時態(tài)、語態(tài)一樣都是英語的語法現(xiàn)象。從形式上看，語氣是動詞的一種變化形式。從意義上講，語氣是表示說話人對某一行為或某一事情的看法和態(tài)度。根據(jù)說話人的意圖，語氣可分3種：直陳語氣（又叫陳述語氣） 用來陳述事實（或提問題）等?？梢杂糜陉愂鼍?，也 可以用于疑問句或感嘆句。祈使語氣用來提出請求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。虛擬語氣見下面。語氣和時態(tài)是截然不同的概念，但語氣要通過動詞的時態(tài)形式表示出來。二.虛擬語氣概念通常是表示說話人所說的話不是一種事實，而是一種純粹的假設(shè)、虛擬、主觀愿 望或建議等?？梢杂糜陉愂鼍?，

2、也可以用于疑問句等。動詞形式 虛擬語氣的動詞形式大多數(shù)情況是用動詞（相應(yīng)）的過去時（相對直陳語氣而言）。動詞be若用過去式時可以一律用were。應(yīng)用在含有條件狀語從句的復合句中的應(yīng)用。表示純粹的假設(shè)，或可能性很小的情況。主從句的謂語動詞主要形式如下：從句主句對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r假設(shè)時過去式would +動詞原形對過去的情況假設(shè)時had + don e過去元成時）would + have + done例：1) If I were you, I ' Wear a shirt and tie.2) What would you do if you had a million dollars ?

3、3) If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.4) If he hadn' been strict with himself, he wouldn ' have made such progress.在wish等賓語從句中的應(yīng)用。表示純粹的主觀愿望，不可能實現(xiàn)的，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能 性極小的情況。賓語從句謂語動詞根據(jù)具體情況常可用一般過去時，過去將來時或過去完成 時等。例如：1) I wish that I could help him now.我現(xiàn)在要是能幫上他該多好啊！或我多么希望現(xiàn)在能幫上他！(

4、言下之意：我現(xiàn)在幫不上他,沒能力幫助他)2) I wish I could come here tomorrow.明天我要是能來這兒就好了！(言下之意：我明天根本不可能來這兒，或我明天能來這兒的 可能性很小)3) We wish he hadn' gone.他要是沒有走該多好??！用在suggest等的賓語從句中，表是純粹的建議。句型為：suggest(ed) that- (should) + 動詞原形(should可省略)1) He suggests that we(should) visit the museum.2) We suggested that he here every

5、day.A. come B. comes C. came D. can come E. could come虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法1 .省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me, )2 .有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表 示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water, )(=If you ha

6、dn ' t helped me, )例旬： Without your advice, our meeting wouldn ' t have been so successfully(=>可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If there hadn ' t been your advice, we Your notes are almost illegible 攤以期認的).Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read.將來 (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a

7、 lot easier to read.)I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease去 (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .)3 .有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor ' s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home

8、.五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that (should )動詞原形devide, ask, move, propose注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that引導的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request that

9、they (should ) stop smoking.如果that引導的從句所表達的內(nèi)容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity等+that引導的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下: imperative, advisable,動詞完成式It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that -(should) + essential, strang用動詞原形It is important that you (should) follow the

10、doctor' s orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were一與現(xiàn)在事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語+動詞過去完成式一與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形一與將來事實相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish they 

11、9; d let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句 用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：(1) We hope they will come,(We don ' t know if they can come.)(2) We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)|導的從句須用虛擬語氣，如：He acts a

12、s if nothing had happened.I would rather you didn ' t tell him.5、It ' s (high) time that動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：It ' s time (that) you had a hair cut.It ' s high time (that) we took some action.虛擬語氣專項練習題(1) . If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. be B. was C. were D. am

13、(2) . I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with Frenchaccents.A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't(3)today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?A. Were we leaving B. If we leaveC. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4) . If Jone tomorrow, wh

14、at would you do?A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5) .“She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”“You mean to say, you would've helped her ?”A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask youC.had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6) . They took the inju

15、red straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them.A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7) . If they had known him, to him?A. would they have talked B. would they talkC.had they talkedD. they would talk(8) . If I lived in the city, I travel in croweded buses, but Ito see lots

16、of films.A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am ableC. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9) . I would have gone to the concert, if Itime.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10) . I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11) . your

17、help, I would not have succeeded.A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12) .“ What did Mr Smith say about his career? ”“ Only that if hea millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”A. did not becomeB. had not becomeC. does not becomeD. has not become(13) .“ Why didn't you hehlipm?”“ I would

18、haveI didn't have the money. A. still ” B. but C. otherwise D. or(14) .“ Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”“ I suggest Wang Hong.”A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15) . The housemaster was strict. He requested that wetelevision on week nights.A. not watchB. must not to watchC. not

19、be watching D. have not watch(16) . I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I. A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17) .“ Are you enjoying your stay here? “ Yes, very much. I wish Ihave to leave so soon.”A. won't B. don't C. mustn't D. didn't(18) .“ What will you do during the summer h

20、olidays?”“ I don't know, but it's about timeon something. ”A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided(19) . I'd rather youanything about it for the time being.A. say B. didn't say C. don't say D. not say(20) .“ Why do you have to be there at six? ”“ Th

21、e teacehr demands that everyonein his seat at six. ”A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21) . He makes a note of the assignment lest heit.A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22) .“ how does the librarian act? ”“ He acts as if h_ea walking dictionary. A. w” ere B. be C. is D. ha

22、s been(23) . There is a law that drunken driversseverely punished.A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24) . I wish you interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25) . Henry talks to his dog as if it him.A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(26) . Jeff looked as if he a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(27) .