1、2001年中國(guó)人民大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及答案 Vocabulary (10 points)Part A (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET.1.A

2、nd the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and of youth.A. vague B. vigor C. vogue D. vulgar2.All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully the risks and benefits.A. valuing B. evaluating C. estimating D.

3、weighing3.Chinese often shake my hand and dont let go. They talk away contentedly, of my discomfort and struggle to disengage my hand.A. oblivious B. patent C. obvious D. pernicious4.The word “foolish” is too mild to describe your behavior, I would prefer the word .A. ideological B. idyllic C. idiot

4、ic D. idiomatic5.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has Germanys Touring Car Championship.A. conquered B. contested C. dominated D. determined6.What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a , many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensa

5、ble.A. fashion B. necessity C. proclivity D. nuisance7.The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in translation. So it was necessary that he make the suggested.A. alterations B. alternatives C. alternations D. altercations8.Many well-educated people dont believe that will end

6、anger freedom of speech.A. censership B. censureship C. sensorship D. censorship9.The of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body.A. connotation B. denomination C. donation D. denotation 10.When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger his good sense and hit the bo

7、y back.A. got the feel of B. got the hang ofC. got the better of D. got the worst ofPart B (5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning t

8、o the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET .11.Although this book claims to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are imaginary.A. fascinating B. factitious C. fastidious D. fictitious12.The trade fair is desig

9、ned to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese auto industries and overseas auto industries.A. promote B. protect C. preserve D. prolong13.He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.A. rational B. obscure C. worldly D. eminent14.The earthquake tha

10、t occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which a great many lives were lost.A. casualty B. catastrophe C. catalogue D. crusade15.The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.A. withdraw B. emerge C. recover D. uncover16.The purchaser of

11、 this lorry is protected by the manufacturers warranty that he will re place any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles.A. prohibition B. insurance C. prophecy D. guarantee17.The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure, he did not believe that was his lot.A. submit B. commit C. transmi

12、t D. permit18.In some cities of North China, the noise pollution is as pronounced as that in Tokyo.A. contemptuous B. contagious C. conspicuous D. contemplated19.Trivial breaches of regulations we can pass over, but more serious ones will have to be investigated.A. exceed B. wither C. overpass D. ne

13、glect20.We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man cut in and said,“Theres no point in talking about impossibilities.”A. intersect B. interject C. penetrate D. adulterate Cloze (10 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choi

14、ces marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain. Mile 21 mile, vehicle for vehi

15、cle, you are much 22 likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On 23 hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to 24 than in a comparable accident 25 on the roads.Motorways have no 26 bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and 27

16、 speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is 28 in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mpb limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps

17、 29 ten metres between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups 30 vehicle stops for some reason, such as mechanical failure, driver error and so on, have become all 31 familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How 32 of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundre

18、d metres to brake to a stop 33 70 mph? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. 34 wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, on they 35 at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions 36 their journ

19、ey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy 37 this motorway madness would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are bared 38 motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is 39 thrown in at the deep end. However, much more efficient policing is required, 40 it is the duty

20、 of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness.21.A.for B. after C. to D. by22.A.more B. far C. less D. lesser23.A.another B. other C. one D. the other24.A.come up B. occur C. be found D. arise25.A.everywhere B. elsewhere C. anywhere D. som

21、ewhere26.A.pointed B. steep C. vertical D. sharp27.A.thus B. then C. so D. thereupon28.A.yet B. even C. still D. subsequently29.A.utterly B. simply C. barely D. purely30.A.because B. since C. when D. for31.A.too B. also C. unduly D. unreasonably32.A.many B. much C. deeply D. profoundly33.A.to B. fro

22、m C. at D. for34.A.Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. How35.A.push B. rake C. till D. plough36.A.unless B. before C. thus D. until37.A.to B. for C. of D. on38.A.from B. against C. away D. off39.A.related B. considered C. concerned D. touched40.A.but B. then C. them D. for Reading Comprehension(20 poi

23、nts)Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B,C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET .Passage 1The next time the men were taken up onto the deck,

24、Kunta made a point of looking at the man behind him in line, the one who lay beside him to the left when they were below. He was a Serere tribesman much older than Kunta, and his body, front and back, was creased with whip cuts, some of them so deep and festering that Kunta felt badly for having wis

25、hed sometimes that he might strike the man in the darkness for moaning so steadily in his pain. Staring back at Kunta, the Sereres dark eyes were full of fury and defiance. A whip lashed out even as they stood looking at each otherthis time at Kunta, spurring him to move ahead. Trying to roll away,

26、Kunta was kicked heavily in his ribs. But somehow he and the gasping Wolof managed to stagger back up among the other men from their shelf who were shambling toward their dousing with buckets of seawater.A moment later, the stinging saltiness of it was burning in Kuntas wounds, and his screams joine

27、d those of others over the sound of the drum and the wheezing thing that had again begun marking time for the chained men to jump and dance for the toubob. Kunta and the Wolof were so weak from their new beating that twice they stumbled, but whip blows and kicks sent them hopping clumsily up and dow

28、n in their chains. So great was his fury that Kunta was barely aware of the women singing “Toubob fa!” And when he had finally been chained back down in his place in the dark hold, his heart throbbed with a lust to murder toubob. Every few days the eight naked toubob would again come into the stinki

29、ng darkness and scrape their tubs full of the excrement that had accumulated on the shelves where the chained men lay. Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring bale fully in hatred, following the bobbing orange lights, listening to the toubod cursing and sometimes slipping and tailing into the sl

30、ickness underfootso plentiful now, because of the increasing looseness of the mens bowels, that the filth had begun to drop off the edges of the shelves down into the aisleway.The last time they were on deck, Kunta had noticed a man limping on a badly infected leg. This time the man was kept up on d

31、eck when the rest were taken back below. A few days later, the women told the other prisoners in their singing that the mans leg had been cut off and that one of the women had been brought to tend him, but that the man had died that night and been thrown over the side. Starting then, when the toubob

32、 came to clean the shelves, they also dropped red-hot pieces of metal into pails of strong vinegar. The clouds of acrid steam left the hold smelling better, but soon it would again be overwhelmed by the choking stink. It was a smell that Kunta felt would never leave his lungs and skin.The steady mur

33、muring that went on in the hold whenever the toubob were gone kept growing in volume and intensity as the men began to communicate better and better with one another. Words not understood were whispered from mouth to ear along the shelves until someone who knew more than one tongue would send back t

34、heir meanings. In the process, all of the men along each shelf learned new words in tongues they had not spoken before. Sometimes men jerked upward, bumping their heads, in the double excitement of communicating with each other and the fact that it was being done without the toubobs knowledge. Mutte

35、ring among themselves for hours, the men developed a deepening sense of intrigue and of brotherhood. Though they were of different villages and tribes, the feeling grew that they were not from different peoples or places.41.The living conditions for the Blacks in the hold of the slave ship were .A.

36、adequate but primitiveB. inhumane and inadequateC. humane but crowdedD. similar to the crews quarters42.The prisoners had difficulty communicating with each other because .A. they were too sick to talkB. they distrusted one anotherC. no one felt like talkingD. they spoke different languages43.Which

37、of the following words is closest in meaning to balefully as used in “Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring balefully in hatred”? A. Indulgently B. VacantlyC. Forlornly D. Menacingly44.By constantly referring to such things as filth and choking stink, the author seeks to create a tone that aro

38、uses a feeling of .A. disgust with the dirtB. horror at the injusticeC. revolting at the foul odorD. relief that this happened long ago45.Despite their intense pain and suffering, the Black men found a small measure of comfort in .A. their exercise periods on deckB. the breathtaking ocean sceneryC.

39、their conversations with the Black womenD. their conversations with one anotherPassage 2Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and

40、 restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over

41、 the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will o verestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone w

42、ill underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for

43、a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have

44、 folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having pic

45、ked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firms health in its infancy may be little indication of how well

46、 it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that

47、 mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your

48、firms vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideA. 46.According to the passage, a countrys economy is probably decided by .A. the prosperity and

49、decline of the transnational corporationsB. the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC. the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD. the economic increase and decrease of the large companies47.In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur shoul

50、d .A. get very well prepared for his new businessB. choose a business hes already familiar withC. examine the companys crucial signs now and thenD. invest as much as possible into his enterprise48.Which of the following statements about small business is not true? .A. It helps effectively to fight u

51、nemployment.B. The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses.C. Theres a good omen for small business according to a survey.D. Some small business owners are blind to early premonition of failure.49.What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?A. The patient is ser

52、iously ill because of lack of water in the well.B. The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C. Its too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because they have used up their money.D. Its urgent for small business owners to pour all

53、their money into the enterprise to revitalize their business.50.Whats the main idea of this passage?A. How to become a winner in small business?B. How to be a successful boss in multinational corporation?C. How to deal with the ups and downs in small business?D. How to conquer new markets and gain t

54、he largest profit?Passage 3The blue, mystic Lake Elsinore lies in an inland California valley which is teeming and steaming with hot springs. Rimmed by shaggy mountains whose forested crests are reflected in its clear waters, Lake Elsinore is the very personification of peacebut on it rests the curs

55、e of Tondo.The lake has had a colorful history. Much of it lies buried in legend, and it is difficult to separate fact from fiction. There have been stories of underground volcanoes on the lake bottom, erupting, killing fish and discoloring the water. There have been stories of a playful sea serpent

56、 that lived in its depths.Long noted for its scenic beauty and health-giving waters, the lake was a famous resort in the Nineties. But long before the first white man had set foot along the shore of the lake, this part of California had been the home of the Soboba Indians. Their chief was Tondo, a s

57、tern and unforgiving man.He had a daughter, Morning Star, who was in love with Palo, son of the chief of the Palas, a neighboring tribe. The Sobobas and Palas were sworn enemies. For a time the lovers met secretly. Then one day they were discovered by Tondo. His rage was terrible to behold. He forbade the lovers ever to meet again.Morning Star tried in every way to appease her fathers anger, to soften his heart toward Palo. But in time she saw that it was useless; that he would never give his consent to their marriage. Vowing that they would never be separated, the Indi