1、中考英語缺詞填空解題技巧與訓(xùn)練策略完形填空題實(shí)際上是恢復(fù)原貌式的閱讀理解題，各種短文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，段落清楚，而且首句一般不挖空，便于學(xué)生依據(jù)首句提示進(jìn)行整體理解。解答完形填空題要求學(xué)生具備快速閱讀的各種能力和技巧，如視讀、跳讀、查讀、猜詞等。側(cè)重基礎(chǔ)知識，考查語言知識的掌握能力完形填空題以文入手，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容考查基礎(chǔ)語言知識，主要是考查學(xué)生詞語搭配，近義詞辯異，正確辨析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握語法規(guī)則的能力?！纠?】His friend _ the engine(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)) and the plane began to move. A. began B. carried C. moved D. started

2、 此題主要考查學(xué)生辨析四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法。從句子分析可看出B、C明顯不對，他的朋友不可能“搬運(yùn)、移動(dòng)”發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。此題實(shí)際上是考查學(xué)生辨析began和started的用法，這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞作“開始”解是同義詞，但只有start可表示“發(fā)動(dòng)、開動(dòng)”的意思。D是正確答案?！纠?】He and saw a noisy square (廣場) not far from here.A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around此題主要辨析由look構(gòu)成的四個(gè)短語，A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)ooked后的詞均為介詞，而介詞后無賓語，所以是錯(cuò)的。arou

3、nd是副詞，所以D為正確答案。【例3】 Mr Green _ his children that Father Christmas is a very kindhearted man.A. asks B. talks C. tells D. says辨析四個(gè)意義相似的動(dòng)詞。Ask意為“問”，其后的賓語從句應(yīng)該有whether或if。talks是不及物動(dòng)詞。say后跟某事，不跟表示“人”的賓語。tell的句式是否tell somebody something，所以C是正確答案?！纠?】John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He call

4、ed the doctor and made sure they _ neat at five.A. should B. shall C. would D. will此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及時(shí)態(tài)。分析此句中可看出，要用過去時(shí)，所以B、D可排除。Make sure后是賓語從句，賓語從句的動(dòng)作meet沒發(fā)生，要用過去將來時(shí)，所以要選C。上下對照，考查學(xué)生捕捉關(guān)鍵詞的能力完形填空題設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，有時(shí)單看一句是得不出正確答案的，需要閱讀下句、甚至若干句后才有“茅賽頓開”之感。上下對照，即在上文或下文中找到與正確答案相同的關(guān)鍵詞。學(xué)生在答題中要有邊讀邊在大腦中儲(chǔ)存上下信息的能力，捕捉關(guān)鍵詞?！纠?】First t

5、hey wash their _ hands in a bowl of waterthey only eat with right hands. A. dirty B. right C. left D. big 此題四個(gè)形容詞填入空格語法都正確，但閱讀下句可發(fā)現(xiàn)right一詞與選項(xiàng)B一詞相對照，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該選B?！纠?】I really do make a living by _ ,and a good one ,too. I can laugh like a king or like a school bay.A. laughing B. writing C. speaking D. wor

6、king此題下文第二句中的laugh與正確答案A相對應(yīng)，而且laugh是該篇完形填空的關(guān)鍵詞，所以A為正確答案?！纠?】Mr Baker loved planting _ . The week before last, he bought a few trees home.A. flowers B. grass C. vegetables D. trees此題下文說明了Mr Baker買了幾棵樹回家；上下對照，可看出是“種樹”，trees和trees上下對應(yīng)，所以D是正確答案。在解題中，往往斷章取義，總想急于求成，就句論句，就題論題，“一步到位”。學(xué)生未通讀全文就邊讀邊填，無法形成連貫的思路，

7、“見木不見林，達(dá)不到上下對照，導(dǎo)致出錯(cuò)。實(shí)際上學(xué)生在解題中應(yīng)滿懷信心，全神貫注，集中目光，越過空格，注重把握文章的整體內(nèi)容，注意關(guān)鍵詞。開始閱讀可能會(huì)有模糊的感覺，類此“鉆出洞”之感，但越往下讀，文意會(huì)逐漸顯露，讀完全文心里住往會(huì)有“豁然開朗”的感覺。設(shè)置語境，考查分析推理能力 完形填空題中，有時(shí)答題無上下對照的關(guān)鍵詞作參考，而是考查分析前后語境去推理出正確答案。在這種試題中，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入句中語法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)都正確，但分析前后語境，只有一個(gè)正確答案?！纠?】So one day when a friend came to his house andofferedto take him for a

8、 ride in his own small plane, Mr. Lee was very _. A. excited B. grateful C. worried D. glad 從此句看，無法作出正確的選擇，四個(gè)形容詞都可表示Mr. Lee的心情。但閱讀下文逐步可看到”I am really afraid that there might be some danger.”這一句，這說明Mr. Lee害怕坐飛機(jī)，C為正確答案。【例2】It s a beautiful place. I was always very _ there.A. busy B .interested C. heal

9、thy D. happy此題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是形容詞，都可作主語“I”的表語。如要選擇正確答案，要分析語境。此句前面提供了一個(gè)語境，即“這是一個(gè)美麗的地方”，言外之意是旅游的好去處，所以去那兒會(huì)開心的，因此要選happy?！纠?】The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf _ the children. They were a nice, happy family!A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with此題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)放入句中語法都正確，

10、但前后語境分析只有D正確。前后分析，可看出wolf家庭是幸福的大家庭，年輕的wolf應(yīng)常常帶children玩耍，而不應(yīng)該對孩子“大喊大叫”、“詢問調(diào)查”和“嘲笑挖苦”。因此要選D。結(jié)合生活，考查學(xué)生利用常識解題的能力完形填空題中，有時(shí)命題者在完形填空題中考查學(xué)生的生活常識，看看學(xué)生是否能善于觀察生活，積累生活常識，能否利用常識去做出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。這類題的設(shè)計(jì)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)放入句中語法、句子結(jié)構(gòu)都正確，而且不一定需要上下聯(lián)系，而是依據(jù)常識解答?！纠?】When someone asks me what business I am in ,my face feels _. A. warm B. coo

11、l C. hot D. cold該篇完形填空題的短文，描寫一個(gè)在夜總會(huì)為歌舞助興提供笑聲的人。當(dāng)人問他從事什么工作時(shí)，他總難以啟齒，他臉部總有一種“感覺”。按常識，人感到害羞，不好意思等，臉就“發(fā)熱、發(fā)燒、發(fā)燙”，或“臉紅”，所以C是正確答案。其它答案的形容詞都不適合這種臉部的感覺?！纠?】One afternoon just before Christmas an old man was walking through the city center. Theshops were all filled with good things and crowded with _ shoppers.

12、A. angry B. cheerful C. sad D. surprised圣誕節(jié)前夕，商店物品豐富，購物者為節(jié)日選購商品，按常識這些shoppers應(yīng)帶著節(jié)日的喜悅心情，應(yīng)選cheerful?！纠?】home when they grow up.A. leave B. reach C. love D. hate人們常說美國的年輕人獨(dú)立性強(qiáng)，不依靠父母生活。當(dāng)孩子長大后，他們通常離開家，自找工作，這是大家都知道的美國人的生活方式，是常識。該題A為正確答案。關(guān)注連詞，考查對行文邏輯、句子關(guān)聯(lián)的理解能力從近幾年中考英語完形填空題的分析來看，命題者有時(shí)就有關(guān)連詞進(jìn)行挖空，以此來考查學(xué)生通過閱讀能

13、否理解句與句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系，是否了解行文邏輯的要求，能否掌握因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、條件、讓步等連詞的用法?！纠?】They are served in bowls which everyone shares(共享), _ each person has their own bowl ofrice.A. because B. though C. since D. until 此篇完形填空談到泰國飲食文化。前句意為“泰國人在共用的碗中就餐”，而后句意為“他們每人都有自己的碗”。前后分析可看出，后句是前句的轉(zhuǎn)折，所以B為正確答案?！纠?】Parents now spend more time in th

14、e office, _ they dont have much time to stay with their children.A .because B. if C. but D. so該題考查了四個(gè)連詞，確定哪一個(gè)是正確答案，要分析句與句之間的關(guān)系。從前后分析來看，因父母把很多的時(shí)間花在辦公室，所以他們與孩子相處的時(shí)間就少了，此句是因果關(guān)系，D為正確答案?！纠?】The shops are bigger inLondonthan inMoscow, _ its very dear to enjoy yourself inLondon.A. Then B. So C. Or D. But前后

15、句子分析，它們并非是時(shí)間先后，并非因果關(guān)系，并非兩者選擇。倫敦商店大而豪華，但是呆在倫敦花費(fèi)是很大的，前后應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，D是正確答案。完形填空(共15分,每小題1分)閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。      Kate wants to be a nurse and   1   for sick people. She knows they need her help. When Kate goes to the hospital, she always sees many

16、   2   there.      Last summer, Kate broke her leg. The pain was very great and she could not   3   walk. Her parents   4   her to the hospital   5   and she   6   stay there

17、for about two weeks. One day a nurse came to Kates bed and said with  7  . “Youll be   8   soon. You can walk again, so dont think only about bad things. Try to be   9  !” The nurse was very kind and they became friends.     After Kate

18、 left the hospital, she thought   10   of the kind nurse. She now understands that the nurse job   11   very important,   12  the nurse can often give hope to   13   people.     Kate is now thinking about

19、her   14   future. She often talks with her parents about it. Kate knows what she should do   15   a good nurse, and she is studying very hard at school.(  )1. A. work   B. worker   C. working   D. worked(  )2. A. girls&

20、#160;  B. students   C. workers   D. patients(  )3. A. still B. yet C. even    D. ever(  )4. A. made B. took     C. brought D. let(  )5. A. with car       B. by a car   C. by car &

21、#160;  D. in car(  )6. A. must B. had to C. need    D. could(  )7. A. a smile B. smiling C. smile D. smiles(  )8. A. good B. nice   C. free     D. better(  )9. A. pleasure   B. sad      C. happy&

22、#160;  D. happily(  )10. A. lot     B. a lot    C. lots    D. a little(  )11. A. be B. are     C. am   D. is(  )12. A. because   B. if   C. but      &

23、#160;  D. when(  )13. A. young B. old    C. sick  D. poor(  )14. A. self B. selfs    C. owns   D. own(  )15. A. to be B. be    C. being D. to being. 1-5 ADCBC  6-10 BADCB   11-15 DACDA中考英語缺詞填空解題技巧與訓(xùn)練策略1. 通

24、覽全文，了解大意答題時(shí)，應(yīng)先越過空檔，通讀全文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之間必然承上啟下、前呼后應(yīng)。因此通讀全文時(shí)要一氣呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過。要理順題意，找出信息詞。這是做好缺詞填空題的關(guān)鍵,因?yàn)槿痹~填空的特點(diǎn)是著眼于整體理解,有些同學(xué)習(xí)慣于提筆就填或邊讀邊填，急于求成，然而，欲速則不達(dá)，結(jié)果往往由于"只見樹木不見森林"而事倍功半,因此我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)首句給的啟示，通過邏輯思維，借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，越過空檔，盡快把全文讀完，建立語言的整體感，幫助我們了解短文大意。2. 復(fù)讀短文抓信息，前后照應(yīng)巧猜詞在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通讀短文

25、，目的是對短文有更進(jìn)一步的了解。在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一篇文章的開頭（一般不設(shè)空）和結(jié)尾，它們能提供主要的信息，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在閱讀過程中，要注意上、下文的關(guān)系，這對于把握文章的整體意義大有用處。另外，要學(xué)會(huì)跳讀，即對不理解的地方采用暫時(shí)回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解決的方法。有些短文填空題，有時(shí)出現(xiàn)約 3%5% 的生詞是很正常的，這就要求學(xué)生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識或上、下文的意思加以猜測，來確定它的詞義。3. 綜合考慮，先易后難經(jīng)過復(fù)讀全文，對短文有了更深的印象。在此基礎(chǔ)上，可以根據(jù)全文大意，展開邏輯思維，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前后的關(guān)系和它所起的作用，確定最佳答案

26、。遇到困難，暫放一邊，先易后難，這是解題之道。當(dāng)遇到難以判斷的空檔時(shí)，不妨先放一邊，繼續(xù)往下做。因?yàn)橛行┐鸢甘潜仨毻ㄟ^下文的理解后才能作出斷定的。有時(shí)，前后信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此，當(dāng)我們遇到難題時(shí)，不能久久停留于此，這樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)不必要的時(shí)間。4. 復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，消除疏漏完成所有空檔后，還要再次通讀全文，看看這時(shí)的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)查時(shí)，可從語法入手，檢查一下句子的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、代詞的性、數(shù)、格以及詞語的搭配等是否正確。從實(shí)際中看，很多學(xué)生能夠充分利用詞首字母和短文內(nèi)容填寫單詞，但是，問題往往出現(xiàn)在單詞的形式變化上。比首字母為 q ，要求填寫 quickly

27、 ，而有些學(xué)生只知道填寫 quick ，忽略了詞性問題。因此，深思熟慮很重要。凡遇疑點(diǎn)，必須根據(jù)文章的中心思想，從意義、語法的角度來仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，加以改正，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。“臺階式”訓(xùn)練法閱讀教學(xué)是英語教學(xué)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，給首字母完形填空又是閱讀教學(xué)中最令人頭痛的一環(huán)。它不但考查學(xué)生對語篇的理解能力，而且考查學(xué)生理解語篇過程中的分析判斷、句子成分與詞性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞義辨析等全方位的綜合能力。只有具備了相當(dāng)詞匯量、扎實(shí)的語法知識、充分的擴(kuò)散性思維和嚴(yán)密的邏輯推理能力的學(xué)生，才能很好地完成語篇，使文章通順暢達(dá)，恢復(fù)原樣。不少同學(xué)經(jīng)過長期艱苦的努力，可能仍達(dá)不到理想的訓(xùn)練效果，下面的“臺階式”教學(xué)法也

28、許是在較短時(shí)間里提高缺詞填空能力的途徑之一。臺階一：掌握七種句子成分與十種詞性之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。通過對單一成分的分類練習(xí)，掌握該句子成分與何種詞性相對應(yīng)。詞性正確是答案正確的前提。(1) 對主語的判斷1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _ is my favourite spo

29、rt. ( fish ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：以上練習(xí)中，填入詞均為句子的主語。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，詞性主要為名詞與代詞（1-題）；動(dòng)詞不能直接用作主語，必須轉(zhuǎn)化成其對應(yīng)的名詞或doing（、）。此外，形容詞前加the，帶連詞的句子也可作主語。(2) 對謂語的判斷John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “

30、My boy,” she a_, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman began r_ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.” Key: came asked answered ringin

31、g turned said say isnt 分析：語篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均為謂語動(dòng)詞。謂語是句子所表示的動(dòng)作，詞性只能是動(dòng)詞，在句子中不能缺。當(dāng)一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或以上動(dòng)詞時(shí)，還要判斷他們之間的相互關(guān)系，對謂語動(dòng)詞或非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷只有在熟練掌握相關(guān)知識的基礎(chǔ)上，才能作出正確的判斷。多做用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空有助于對動(dòng)詞形式的判斷。(3) 對賓語的判斷1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2. The

32、front is in great need of medical _ .( work ) 3. Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 4. At last he sold his _. ( invent ) Key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention 分析：賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者，分動(dòng)詞賓語與介詞賓語兩種。賓語的詞性同主語的詞性一樣，代詞作賓語時(shí)必須用其賓格。(4) 對表語的判斷1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)

33、 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3. Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4. Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ）5. Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ）Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusu

34、al 5. pleasure 分析：表語是連系動(dòng)詞后接的成分。詞性主要為形容詞，名詞, 介詞短語。動(dòng)詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(5) 對定語的判斷1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3. This is an _book. (interest) 4. The French artist said, “ it is my _ ti

35、me to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5. The book _ by Luxun is very famous. ( write ) 6. Its a _ day ,ist it ? ( sun) Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) interesting (4) first (5) written (6) sunny 分析:：定語是修飾名詞與代詞的成分。詞性以形容詞，序數(shù)詞，介詞短語為主。名詞修飾名詞說明后面名稱的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。動(dòng)詞必須

36、變形為：to do, doing 或done 的形式。(6) 對狀語的判斷1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _ (easy) 2. Watch _ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( sa

37、fe ) Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely 狀語：說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式，目的，結(jié)果，條件，伴隨情況的成分。詞性以副詞為主，也可以是介詞短語，動(dòng)詞必須變形為to do, doing 或done 。(7) 對連詞的判斷在英語中, 并列連詞and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, either or, neithernor, as well as, both and 連接并列的詞, 詞組和句子; 從屬連詞連接主句與從句。臺階二：在牢記了七種句子成分與十種詞性的對應(yīng)關(guān)系之后，多做做綜合的“用所給單詞的正確

38、形式填空”，提高對句子成分的判斷能力。熟練掌握詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步臺階三：鍛煉自己的發(fā)散和歸納思維的能力，或稱為“猜謎”的能力Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1. _ are helpful to students. 2. _ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. _ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. _ are helpful to students. They