1、Book 2 Unit 11. accomplishVt.完成（某事）【例句】 Unless you keep on practicing, you will accomplish nothing.如果你不堅(jiān)持練習(xí)，你將一事無(wú)成?！颈嫖觥縜ccomplish, achieve, fulfill Accomplish強(qiáng)調(diào)成功地做某事；achieve指成就一番事業(yè)，如愿以償；fulfill側(cè)重于實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)踐。【近形】accompany2. attachvt.系，帖，連接 【例句】 He will attach labels to the luggage. 他將把標(biāo)簽帖到行李上?！颈嫖觥縭elate,

2、 attach, combine Relate 表示“把.和連接在一起”.，通常與with連用；attach常與介詞to連用;combine的意思是結(jié)合，常與with連用?！九缮縜ttachment 3.assistv.幫助【構(gòu)詞】assist = as+ sist (表示站立，放置) 【例句】Professor Smith was assisting his students to prepare their term papers. 史密斯教授正幫著學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)備學(xué)期論文?！颈嫖觥縣elp; assist, aid Help側(cè)重于表示借助于別人的幫助；assist則表示陷入麻煩時(shí)給予幫助；a

3、id是一個(gè)較正規(guī)的詞，著重于表示通過(guò)幫助問(wèn)題得以圓滿解決，多用于國(guó)際問(wèn)題的援助。【派生】assistant助手【近形】insist堅(jiān)持, consist組成，構(gòu)成, exist存在, resist抵抗, persist堅(jiān)持, subsist維持。4. neglect v.忽視，忽略 【例句】 Mr. David gave too much attention to his business, working long hours and neglecting his wife. 戴維先生過(guò)于關(guān)注生意情況，工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)而忽視了妻子?！颈嫖觥縩eglect; ignore Neglect側(cè)重于給予很

4、少重視；而ignore則表示故意不重視。5relevant adj.有關(guān)的，相關(guān)的，切題的 同 border, frontier 【例句】 In order to finish my term paper, I have to borrow the relevant books from the library. 為了完成我的學(xué)期論文，我從圖書(shū)館借了所有相關(guān)書(shū)籍?！九缮縭elevance, irrelevant, irrelevance6. investigate v.調(diào)查。探究 【例句】The police are investigating the murder at the momen

5、t.此刻警察正在調(diào)查這起謀殺案。【辨析】investigate, probe, explore, research Investigate強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的密切調(diào)查；probe則側(cè)重于徹底調(diào)查；explore指對(duì)未知的地方或領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行探索；research通過(guò)科學(xué)的方法對(duì)某個(gè)課題或項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的研究。7principalAdj/n.主要的，首要的；校長(zhǎng)【例句】 His principal goal in life is to become a world-famous pianist. 他生活的首要目標(biāo)就是要成為世界聞名的鋼琴家。 Complaints from the students bega

6、n arriving at the principals office. 校長(zhǎng)辦公室收到學(xué)生們?cè)丛床粩嗟耐对V?！颈嫖觥縫rincipal, principle 前者表示“主要的”，后者表示“原理，原則”8. applyv.適用，申請(qǐng)?！纠洹?How many jobs did you apply for?你申請(qǐng)了多少工作了？ The advice given by Professor Lee only applies to some of the middle school students. 李教授的意見(jiàn)僅適用于一部分中學(xué)生?！九缮縜pplication申請(qǐng), applicant申請(qǐng)人

7、9. promotev.促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)【例句】 Proper exercise will promote physical and mental health for the old. 適當(dāng)鍛煉會(huì)促進(jìn)老人身心健康。【派生】promotion 10. superioradj.優(yōu)良的；較好的【例句】This juice is far superior to the one we had last week. 這種橙汁比我們上周喝得好?！颈嫖觥縮uperior, inferior Be superior to (比.優(yōu)良； 比.好)； be inferior to (比.差)11. not in the

8、 least：not at all 一點(diǎn)兒也不 John didnt seem in the least worried about his study. 約翰似乎對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)毫不關(guān)心。12. on occasion: now and then 有時(shí)，間或 I often went to dance, and on occasion, I bought my boyfriend as a partner. 我經(jīng)常去跳舞，有時(shí)我?guī)夏信笥炎鳛槲业奈璋椤?4. in due course: 在適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)，最終 Be patient. The boss will promote you in due cou

9、rse. 耐心點(diǎn)，在適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)，老板回提升你。15. make up for: compensate for : 補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ) Her husband bought her a bunch of flowers to make up for quarreling with her the day before. 她丈夫給他買了一束花作為對(duì)前天吵架的補(bǔ)償。Unit 21. remote adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的 同 far, distant【例句】 Thanks to the governments help, people living in the remote mountainous villages

10、have got the supply of electricity. 由于政府的援助，住在遙遠(yuǎn)山村的人們已有了電。 2. discountnn.折扣【構(gòu)詞】discount = dis (去掉)+ -count(表示計(jì)數(shù)) 【例句】 At the end of season the fashion stores usually offer great discount for some of their goods. 季末，時(shí)裝店通常對(duì)部分產(chǎn)品打很大折扣。3.reservev.預(yù)定 【例句】 I have reserved a table for three in that five-sta

11、r restaurant in case it is crowded. 我已在那家五星級(jí)飯店預(yù)定了三個(gè)人的座位以防擁擠?！颈嫖觥縭eserve; preserveReserve 做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“留作專門用途”；preserve做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“保護(hù)，維持，保存”。作名詞時(shí)，前者表示儲(chǔ)備；后者表示果醬，兩者都能表示漁獵禁地。4.loyaltyn.忠誠(chéng)的，忠貞的【例句】 He showed his loyalty to the factory by devoting all his life to the development of it.他一生都致力于工廠的發(fā)展，表現(xiàn)了對(duì)工廠的一片忠心。【辨析】

12、boundary, border, frontier Boundary 指以河流、山脈分隔的天然邊界線，多指在地圖上的領(lǐng)土分界線?！九缮縧oyal (to)5. qualifyv.(使)有資格；（使）合適；（使）勝任【例句】 His skills qualify him for the job. 他的技能使他有資格從事這份工作。【派生】qualification資格, qualified 有資格的，能勝任的6. scholarshipn.獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，學(xué)識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)。【例句】 After a competitive examination, he won a scholarship to that f

13、amous university. 經(jīng)過(guò)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性選拔考試之后，他贏得了那所著名大學(xué)的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。 7 cultivatev.陶冶，培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)成【例句】 Reading a lot will cultivate ones mind. 多讀書(shū)可以陶冶人的心性?！窘巍縞ivilize 教化，開(kāi)化。 8. rewardv.給（某人）報(bào)酬或獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) n. 報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)【例句】 The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life. 因救了小孩的命，消防員得到了一筆獎(jiǎng)金?！颈嫖觥縭eward, award, prizeaward作動(dòng)詞表頒發(fā)，授予，賞給；作名

14、詞表示經(jīng)決斷而贈(zèng)于之物。Prize作名詞，指獎(jiǎng)品，贈(zèng)品，禮金。 Bonus指工資以外的獎(jiǎng)金，津貼。9.deserve v.得到，值得【例句】 Good work deserves good pay. 好的工作應(yīng)該得到好的報(bào)酬?！九缮縟eserved 應(yīng)得的10. by all accounts 人人都說(shuō)【例句】 By all accounts he is a top student. 人人都說(shuō)他是優(yōu)等生。 【派生】 take sth into account (考慮到某事) ； on account of 因?yàn)?，由?1. blend in 融合，融入【例句】 The newly-appoi

15、nted manager did his best to blend in. 新任經(jīng)理盡力將自己融入進(jìn)去。 First-year college students should blend in with the new surroundings as quickly as possible. 大一新生應(yīng)盡快融入新環(huán)境。12. hold to 堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)信【例句】 I hold to the belief that you all will have a promising future as long as you work hard. 我堅(jiān)信只要你們努力工作，你們都有一個(gè)充滿希望的未來(lái)。 【

16、派生】hold back 阻止； hold up 舉出； hold on 堅(jiān)持13Make up 組成【例句】 The committee is made up of seven members. 委員會(huì)由7個(gè)成員組成。 【派生】 consist of , be composed of , be made up of 均表示構(gòu)成，由組成。14Be liable to: be likely to 有.的傾向性；有的可能【例句】We are all liable to make mistakes occasionally. 我們有時(shí)都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。15. lay down: 制定，規(guī)定 有.的傾向性；

17、有的可能【例句】We are all liable to make mistakes occasionally. 我們有時(shí)都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。Unit 31. locationn.場(chǎng)所，位置【構(gòu)詞】location= loc (地方，地點(diǎn))+ -tion (表示名詞)、【例句】 This corner would make it a good location for a gas station. 這個(gè)拐角將是設(shè)立加油站的好地方?！九缮縝e located in = lie in 坐落于，位于2. distract v.轉(zhuǎn)移注意力，分心【構(gòu)詞】distract = dis (away, off)+

18、tract (draw)【例句】 If something distracts you or your attention, it makes you stop concentrating on what you are doing. 如果某事分散了你的注意力，你將無(wú)法集中你的注意力做正在做的事情。3. interference n.分界線，邊界，界限 同 border, frontier 【構(gòu)詞】interference = inter (among, between)+ fere (bring)+ nce (n)【例句】 The UN cannot interfere in the int

19、ernational affairs of any country. 聯(lián)合國(guó)不可以干涉任何國(guó)家的內(nèi)部事務(wù)?！颈嫖觥縤nterfere in: 干涉，干預(yù)； interfere with: 防礙，亂動(dòng)，干擾。4. overall Adv.大體上【構(gòu)詞】overall = over (覆蓋)+ all(全部)【例句】 Overall, I like Mary, despite his faults. 盡管瑪麗有缺點(diǎn)，但總得來(lái)說(shuō)，我還是很喜歡她。5. constantadj.持續(xù)的，不變的?！緲?gòu)詞】constant= con (加強(qiáng)意義)+ stant(站，立) 【例句】 He became a c

20、onstant customer of the restaurant.【派生】constancy 恒久不變，忠貞； constantly: 不斷地，反復(fù)地，經(jīng)常地。6. know better than(that / to do sth): 明事理而不至于做某事?！纠洹?Mary knows better than to cheat on exams. 瑪麗應(yīng)該知道考試中作弊是不對(duì)的。7.end up (doing) sth: 以.而告終 If you don not know what you want, you might end up getting something you don

21、t want.8. at any rate: in any case 無(wú)論如何，至少 My girl friend is the most beautiful girl in the world, to me at any rate. 我的女朋友是世界上最美麗的女孩，至少對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是這樣的。9.narrow down: 減少，限制，縮小 The Chinese government is trying to narrow down the gap between the east and west.10. in charge of : 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管 He was left in charge of

22、 the shop while the manager was away. 經(jīng)理不在時(shí)，他負(fù)責(zé)商店的工作。Unit 41.virtualadj.虛擬的【例句】 virtual world 虛擬世界； virtual community 虛擬社區(qū)； Virtual pet 虛擬寵物；virtual reality 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)2. submit v.提交，呈遞【構(gòu)詞】submit =sub (下)+ mit (送，派) 【例句】 Some students have not yet submitted their papers to their tutors.3. symptom n.癥狀，征兆 同

23、 sign, indication 【例句】 Yellowness of the eyes is one of the symptoms of jaundice. 眼睛發(fā)黃是黃疸病的一個(gè)癥兆。4. interactionn.互相作用，互相影響【例句】 The interaction of the two substance causes heat, and thus the temperature around them increase.【近形】international 國(guó)際的； interplant在套種； interweave 交織。5. sensitiveadj.敏感的，易受傷害的，

24、易冒犯的 同 border, frontier 【例句】 An author must not be sensitive to criticism. 作家不宜對(duì)批評(píng)太敏感?！颈嫖觥縮ensitive ; sensible, sensational , sentimental Sensitive 常與 to 或about 連用，意思對(duì)敏感；sensible 理智的，明智的；sensational 駭人聽(tīng)聞的，造成轟動(dòng)的；sentimental 多愁善感的，情緒化的?！九缮縤nsensitive 不敏感的，遲鈍的；sensitivity 敏感；sensitively 敏感地，遲鈍地6.resto

25、rev.恢復(fù)【例句】 The people of the town decided to restore the old buildings which had been ruined in the war.7. at times 有時(shí)候【例句】 I do feel a little nervous at times. 我有時(shí)候確實(shí)感到有點(diǎn)緊張?！九缮縜t all times 同時(shí)，一起 at one time 過(guò)去有段時(shí)間 At other times 在其他時(shí)候 8.in sight 可看到的 【例句】 The train was still in sight. 還能看得到火車?！九缮?/p>

26、at first sight 初看起來(lái) at the sight of 在看到.時(shí) In sight of 可以看見(jiàn)某物 in the sight of 在看來(lái) Out of sight 看不見(jiàn) 9. rely on： depend on 依靠 指望 【例句】 They rely on themselves, which is much better.他們指望自己，這很不錯(cuò)。10. take in: 吸收【例句】 The earth takes in heat and light from the sun. 太陽(yáng)從地球那兒吸收熱和光。Unit 51. attempt v.試圖，企圖，嘗試 【例

27、句】 They attempted to climb Mt. Everest. 他們?cè)噲D攀珠穆朗瑪峰。 【辨析】trail 試驗(yàn)，考驗(yàn)，通常與give搭配；progress 進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展，常與make搭配；action與take 搭配，意為“采取行動(dòng)”。Make an attempt to do sth 試圖做某事。2. confront v.勇敢的面對(duì)；對(duì)抗；正視；遭遇?！纠洹?They have confronted the problem of terrorism with great determination. 他們以極大的決心對(duì)付恐怖活動(dòng)?！緲?gòu)詞】front =前面； confro

28、ntation 對(duì)抗，對(duì)峙；confrontational 挑釁的，對(duì)抗的?！颈嫖觥縞onfront 面對(duì)，面臨； encounter 遭遇，遇到，用于sb encounter sth. 3.detail n.細(xì)節(jié)，小事【構(gòu)詞】tail (尾巴)，detailed 詳細(xì)的【例句】 If you are interested in the job, I will send you all the details. 如過(guò)你對(duì)這工作感興趣，我將給你寄去全部詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。4. dismiss v.不予考慮；拋棄；解雇，開(kāi)除。【例句】If you are late again, you will be di

29、smissed from your job.你如果再遲到，就將被解雇?！九缮縟ismissal 解雇，撤職，解散。Dismissive 輕蔑的，鄙視的。5. emotion n.激情，情緒，感情?！纠洹?Love, hatred, and grief are emotions. 愛(ài)、恨、和憂傷都是強(qiáng)烈的感情?！颈嫖觥縫assion 指熱情，激情，熱愛(ài)。Emotion （喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)的）感情，情緒。Sensation 指感覺(jué)； enthusiasm 指熱情，熱心。6. interval n.間隔【例句】Tomorrow it will be mostly cloudy, with a fe

30、w sunny intervals. 明天大部分時(shí)間為多云【派生】at intervals 每隔時(shí)間7. manage v.能應(yīng)付【例句】 I finally managed to find what I am looking for. 我終于想法子找到了一直要找的東西?！九缮縨anageable 易管理的，可應(yīng)付的；manager 經(jīng)理；manageress 女經(jīng)理。8. optimistic n. 樂(lè)觀的 【例句】 Her optimistic outlook helped us all believe we would be rescued. 她樂(lè)觀的觀點(diǎn)使我們相信我們能得救?！九缮?/p>

31、pessimistic 悲觀的； optimism 樂(lè)觀，樂(lè)觀主義； pessimism 悲觀，悲觀主義。Optimist 樂(lè)觀主義者；pessimist 悲觀主義者。9. vainadj.自負(fù)的；自恃過(guò)高的【例句】 She is vain about her beautiful blue eyes. 她對(duì)自己那雙漂亮的藍(lán)眼睛頗為自負(fù)?！九缮縱anity 自負(fù)；in vain 白費(fèi)地，徒勞無(wú)益地。10.be ashamed of: 為感到羞恥，內(nèi)疚You ought to be ashamed of your behavior. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)為你自己的行為感到羞恥。11. hold on to:

32、抓住，執(zhí)著 She managed to hold on to her job when several of her colleagues lost theirs. 當(dāng)她的幾名同事已丟了飯碗時(shí)，她仍設(shè)法保住了自己的職位。12. lead to 導(dǎo)致 This will lead to trouble in the future. 這將導(dǎo)致以后的麻煩。13.pay for 為而受到懲罰；為.而吃虧。 These people must be made to pay for their crimes. 這些人必須為他們的罪惡受到懲罰。Unit 61. assistantn.助手，助理；adj 助

33、理的【例句】 The salesman went to the meeting with an assistant. 這位商人帶著個(gè)助手去參加婚禮?！九缮縜ssistance 幫助；2. principal n.校長(zhǎng)；adj 主要的【例句】 The principal reason for this change is that there is demand for this product. 這個(gè)變化的主要原因是對(duì)這種產(chǎn)品有需求?！颈嫖觥縫rincipal 大學(xué)或中小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)；headmaster 中小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)； president 大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)，總統(tǒng)，會(huì)長(zhǎng)【派生】principally 主要地

34、?！窘巍縫rinciple 紀(jì)律 3. resolve v.決心；下決心，解決【例句】 He resolved to work harder. 他決心更加努力地工作?！九缮縭esolute 堅(jiān)決的; resolution 決心，決定； resolvable 可解決的；resolved 下定決心的。4. incredibleadj.難以置信的【例句】 We should not dismiss his incredible as lies. 我們不應(yīng)該把他的那些令人難以置信的故事當(dāng)作謊言不予理睬?！颈嫖觥縤ncredibility 難以置信； incredibly 難以置信地5. consu

35、mev.消費(fèi)，消耗，花費(fèi)【例句】 The engine in this car consumes less petrol than other cars.【派生】oil-consuming 費(fèi)油的， time-consuming 耗時(shí)的 6. distribute v. 分配；分發(fā)；分送【例句】 The manager distributed the prizes among the staff. 經(jīng)理把獎(jiǎng)品分配給員工?！九缮縟istribution 分配；分發(fā)，分布； distributive 分配的，供銷的； distributor 發(fā)行商7.reproachv.譴責(zé)，責(zé)備?！纠洹?I

36、t was not your fault, so dont reproach yourself.【派生】reproachful 譴責(zé)的，責(zé)備的； reproachfully 譴責(zé)地，責(zé)備地8. Possessv.擁有 【例句】 He was arrested and charged wit possessing an offensive weapon. 他被捕并被控?fù)碛羞M(jìn)攻性武器?！九缮縫ossession 擁有； possessive 有占有欲的，不原分享的9.asurev.保證【例句】I assure you that this method will be very effective

37、.我向你保證這個(gè)方法會(huì)非常有效?！九缮縜ssurance 保證，自信； assured 自信的，必然的10. bide ones time 等待時(shí)機(jī)【例句】 The lion is biding his time patiently, waiting for the time to approach the deer. 獅子耐心地等待時(shí)機(jī)，等著接近鹿的時(shí)機(jī)。Unit 7 1. typically adv. 典型地，有代表性地【例句】 She is typically Japanese. 她是典型的日本人?！颈嫖觥縝oundary, border, frontier Boundary 指以河流

38、、山脈分隔的天然邊界線，多指在地圖上的領(lǐng)土分界線。【派生】typical 典型的，有代表性的 常用于（be typical of）2. estimatev.估計(jì)，估價(jià)?！纠洹?The value of this painting was estimated at several thousand pounds. 這幅畫(huà)的價(jià)值估計(jì)有幾千英磅?！颈嫖觥縠stimate, evaluate, value, assess Estimate側(cè)重于對(duì)所需的費(fèi)用，某物的價(jià)值或數(shù)量進(jìn)行粗略的估計(jì)； Evaluate 表示根據(jù)一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定某人或某物的價(jià)值，主要指金錢或意義上的價(jià)值，意為“評(píng)價(jià)”； Value

39、 側(cè)重表示專家對(duì)貴重物品做出估價(jià)，常用被動(dòng)形式，意為“估價(jià)，計(jì)算的價(jià)格”； Assess 表示為稅收所需對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)或收入進(jìn)行估價(jià)，也表示確定收入，罰款，損失等的金額，意為“估價(jià)，估計(jì)”；3. identity n.身份，相同，一致【例句】 To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity. 為了躲避警方，他不得不隱瞞身份。4inhabitv.居住【例句】 The Egyptians inhabited an area almost equal to France and Spain combined. 埃及人居住的土地面積差不多等于法國(guó)和西班

40、牙的總和?！颈嫖觥縤nhabit, live, reside, dwell Live 為普通用語(yǔ)，可表示永久地居住，也可表示住在一個(gè)具體的地方，也可表示暫住某處。 Reside 為較正式用語(yǔ)，側(cè)重表示合法和永久地“居住，定居”常為不及物動(dòng)詞。 Dwell 為詩(shī)歌。文學(xué)用語(yǔ)； Inhabit 表示（人或動(dòng)物）居住在一個(gè)地方或適應(yīng)某種特定的物質(zhì)環(huán)境?！九缮縤nhabitant 居民； inhabitable 可居住的5. descend v.下來(lái)，下降【例句】 The sun descended behind the hills. 太陽(yáng)下山了?！九缮縟escendant 子孫，后裔； desc

41、ent 下落，淪落。6.assume V假定，假設(shè)【例句】 We cannot just assume his innocence. 我們不能夠就此假設(shè)他無(wú)罪?！颈嫖觥縜ssume, suppose Assume 表示在沒(méi)有足夠證據(jù)或?qū)δ骋豢捶ㄉ嫌胁煌庖?jiàn)的假設(shè)，含有較強(qiáng)的主觀成分。 Suppose 含義教廣。作假設(shè)講時(shí)，所作的假設(shè)與事實(shí)明顯不符，其后賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 7. variety n.變化，多樣化，各式各樣。【例句】 The shirt is available in a wide variety of colors.【派生】various 各種不同的，各種各樣的；varied

42、多變化的；variation 變化，變更，變動(dòng)；variable 易變的，不穩(wěn)定的8.representv.代表，象征，表示。【例句】 To many local people these castles represent a hundred years of foreign domination. 對(duì)許多當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚?lái)說(shuō)，這些城堡是百年外國(guó)統(tǒng)治的象征。【派生】representation 代表，描繪，象征；representative 典型的代表的，代表。8.preserve v.保護(hù)，保存【例句】 The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preserve dea

43、d bodies from decay. 古埃及人懂得保存尸體的方法。【派生】preservable 有保護(hù)能力的，有助于保存的；preserver 保護(hù)人，保護(hù)劑； Preservation 保持，保存。9. pass (sth) on to (sb): 傳給【例句】In this area, father passed on much of his fortune to his eldest son. 在這一地區(qū)，父親把大部分的財(cái)產(chǎn)傳給長(zhǎng)子?！九缮縫ass away 去世； pass by 經(jīng)過(guò)； pass off 消失，停止 Pass out 昏過(guò)去，失去知覺(jué)。 Pass up 放棄，錯(cuò)過(guò)。10.out of control: 失去控制，不受約束。【例句】 You must be strict with the children, otherwise, they will be out of control.你必須對(duì)這些兒童嚴(yán)格，否則他們將無(wú)法無(wú)天?！九缮縰nd