版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
1、文檔供參考,可復(fù)制、編制,期待您的好評(píng)與關(guān)注! 高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 相似詞語(yǔ)辨析1.force/makeHe was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.由于政治原因,他被迫離開了自己的祖國(guó)。How did the bat make the birds believe that he was on their side
2、?蝙蝠是怎樣使鳥兒們相信他是站在他們這邊的?<辨析>兩者都可以作“迫使”解。force 表示用武力或威脅迫使某人做某事,賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作常帶有不情愿的意味。這種動(dòng)作可以用帶 to 的不定式表示,也可以用動(dòng)名詞表示。用動(dòng)名詞時(shí),要與介詞 into 連用。例如:We forced him to go(into going).我們迫使他去。make 的用法比較廣泛,它所表示的強(qiáng)迫性有時(shí)不如 force 強(qiáng),其賓語(yǔ)之后的不定式要省去 to。但當(dāng)
3、;make 用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),所省去的 to 要補(bǔ)上。例如:I was made to go there alone.我被迫一個(gè)人去那里。 2.before long/long beforeBefore long he had to move on again.不久他不得不再遷移。She said that she had heard of it
4、160;long before.她說(shuō),她老早就聽說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。<辨析>before long 與 long before 是詞義完全相同的兩個(gè)詞組。before long 意為“很快”,“不久”(soon,after a short period of time),其中 before 是介詞,long 是名詞。常在句中作狀語(yǔ),多與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)連用。如:I'll go to Shan
5、ghai before long.不久我要去上海。long before 意為“很久以前”,其中 long 是副詞,long before 單獨(dú)使用時(shí),before 是副詞。long before 后接名詞、代詞時(shí),before 為介詞。long before 后接從句時(shí),before 為連詞。這個(gè)詞組常與過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。跟從句時(shí)也可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中。例如:It will be long bef
6、ore he arrives.還要多久他才到達(dá)。3.keep/keep onIt kept raining for three days.接連下了三天的雨。In the years that followed,Mark kept on studying English and using it .在這之后的幾年中,馬克思繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語(yǔ)。<辨析>keep 與 ke
7、ep on 都有“不斷”的意思。在表示每隔一會(huì)兒即發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),兩者可互換。如:He carght cold and kept(on) coughing all the morning.他(得)感冒了,整個(gè)上午不停的咳嗽。如表示動(dòng)作不間斷或保持一種狀態(tài),則宜用 keep+v-ing。例如:We'ss keep going forward.我們將不斷前進(jìn)。注意:1)keep 或 keep on 后面只能接
8、60;v-ing,不能接不定式。2)兩者后接表示動(dòng)作的 v-ing(如:takling,writing,walking,working 和 standing 等),不能接表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)的 v-ing(如 standing,sitting,lying 和 sleeping 等)。如不可以說(shuō) He kept on sleeping.4.be sure about(of)/be sure to/be sure th
9、atHe was not too sure about two thingsthe grammar and some of the idioms.他在語(yǔ)法和某些方面沒(méi)有很大的把握。You are sure to understand much more than before.你一定比以前懂得多了。He was sure (that) nobody
10、 there would steal the money.他確信那兒不會(huì)有人偷錢。<辨析>be sure about(of) 意為“相信”、“對(duì).有把握”,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,表示當(dāng)事人的看法,主語(yǔ)必須是人。be sure to 意為“一定”,“肯定”,后接不定式,往往表示局外人的推測(cè)、評(píng)論,主語(yǔ)不一定是人。如:It's sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定會(huì)下雨。試比較下面兩句:He is
11、60;sure of living to ninety.他自信可以活到90歲。He is sure to live to ninety.他肯定可以活到90歲。be sure to 用于祈使句時(shí),表示對(duì)對(duì)方的要求。作“務(wù)必”,“切望”解。如:Be sure to come tomorrow.你明天一定要來(lái)。be sure 接 that 從句時(shí),意為“認(rèn)為.一不會(huì)”,主語(yǔ)必須是人,that&
12、#160;可以省略。be sure 后面還可接 whether 或 where,when,who 等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。這時(shí)主句通常是否定形式。如:I am not sure where I left my notebook.我不能確定我把筆記本忘在什么地方了。5.go on to do/go on doingHe went on to talk about&
13、#160;the world situation.他接著談了世界形勢(shì)。Dr Bethune went on working throughout the night.白求恩大夫整個(gè)夜晚都在做手術(shù)。<辨析>go on to do 意為“停止以前做的事,接著做另一件事”;go on doing 意為“繼續(xù)做以前的事”。試比較:Let's go on to discuss
14、another question.我們接著討論另外一個(gè)問(wèn)題吧。Let's go on discussing the question.咱們繼續(xù)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題吧。此外,這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)在動(dòng)作的時(shí)間概念上也有所不同,go on to do 指一個(gè)時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,go on doing 指一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。例如:I went on to read Lesson Two at half pa
15、st two.兩點(diǎn)半鐘我接著讀第二課。I went on reading Lesson Two for half an hour.第二課我連續(xù)不斷地讀了半個(gè)小時(shí)。6.advice/adviseMarx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.馬克思對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)提出了一些意見。I would advise
16、;you to earn enough money to travel round the world.我建議你掙些錢去做環(huán)球旅行。<辨析>兩者的基本意思都是“勸告”,“建議”。advice 是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能有不定冠詞 a,后面也不能加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s?!耙豁?xiàng)建議”是 a piece of advice,不可以說(shuō) an advice。“一些(許多、多項(xiàng))建議”是 some (much,piec
17、es of) advice。advise 是動(dòng)詞,常用作及物動(dòng)詞,間或用作不及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后接名詞、代詞,也可跟含有不定式的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。還可跟 that 從句,這時(shí)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:I advise that you (should) go at once.我勸你馬上就去。 7.consult/look upAt the same time,consult dictionaries and&
18、#160;memorize grammatical rules.同時(shí),要查字典,記語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。When you don't know how to pronounce a new word,you must look it up.當(dāng)你不知道一個(gè)生詞怎么念時(shí),必須查字典。<辨析>兩者都可以表示“查”。consult 意為“查閱”(refer to),后接表示“詞典或參考書”的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。look up
19、 的意思是“在詞典或參考書中查找”(find a word,phrase,etc.in a dictionary or reference book)。但有時(shí) look up 后面也跟表“詞典”、“參考書”的名詞,與 consult 通用。如:Did you look up a dictionary for the meaning of the word?你
20、翻詞典查過(guò)這個(gè)詞的意思嗎?8.memorize/rememberIf you memorize a few words every day and keep on reading all the time,you are sure to do well in the English study.如果你每天記住幾個(gè)單詞,并堅(jiān)持不斷地閱讀,你就一定能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。He
21、0;rememberd that the word was pronounced 'plau'.他記得這詞該讀作'plau'.<辨析>memorize 意為“記住”、“熟記”,表示有意識(shí)地努力去記。remember 意為“記得”、“記起”、“想起”,指某件事或某個(gè)印象留存在記憶中,常指不需要有意識(shí)地追憶便可想起來(lái)。9.close/shut/shut offPlease close the windows.請(qǐng)把窗關(guān)上。Shut
22、0;the door,please.請(qǐng)把門關(guān)上。The visionphone shuts off.電視電話機(jī)關(guān)上了。<辨析>三者都有“關(guān)”的意思。close 與 shut 表示“關(guān)窗(門)”時(shí),??赏ㄓ?。但 shut 比 close 意味較強(qiáng),close 僅指把開著的窗(門)關(guān)上的動(dòng)作,而 shut 則指把窗、門關(guān)上并閂住的動(dòng)作,即含有“隔絕內(nèi)外”的意思。shut off 意為“關(guān)掉、停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”,常用于關(guān)收收音機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)、
23、煤氣、電視機(jī)等,既可看作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可看作及物動(dòng)詞。如:Shut the steam offit's getting too warm in here.把暖氣關(guān)上屋里太暖和了。10.examination/testWe are going to have our term examination next week.下星期我們將進(jìn)行期末考試。We had our last ph
24、ysics test. 我們舉行了一次物理測(cè)驗(yàn)。<辨析>這兩個(gè)名詞都有“考試”的意思。examination 通常指比較正式的考試。如學(xué)期考試、入學(xué)考試等,可縮寫成 exam,常用于口語(yǔ)。test 指小考或測(cè)驗(yàn)。還可指物理化學(xué)等(做)試驗(yàn)。如:The professor showed them how to do a test in the chemistry lab.教授在化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里演示給他們看如何做試驗(yàn)。兩者
25、除表示“考試”外,也可作“(身體)檢查”解。如:The doctors gave the little girl all kinds of tests (examinations).醫(yī)生給小女孩做各種各樣的身體檢查。11.breath/breatheThe young man held his breath.那年青人屏住氣息。The doctor told Charlie to breathe
26、160;deeply.大夫要查理做深呼吸。<辨析>兩者都有“呼吸”的意思,拼法僅有一個(gè)字母之差,用法也就不同。breath 是名詞,與 breath 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)有:hold one's breath 屏住氣;out of breath 上氣不接下氣。breathe 是動(dòng)詞,用作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞。 12.because/since/asHe didn't go to the meeting because&
27、#160;he was ill.他因?yàn)樯](méi)有去開會(huì)。Since you have to stay home,why don't you do some shopping?既然你得待在家里,何不(利用這時(shí)間)買買東西呢?As he didn't know much English,he got out his dictionary and looked
28、 up the word "cough".由于他英語(yǔ)懂得不多,于是就拿出詞典查“咳嗽”這個(gè)詞。<辨析>三者是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。because 意為“因?yàn)椤?,它的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),表達(dá)主從句間的必然因果關(guān)系。因此,回答 why 的問(wèn)句,必須用 because;能放在“it is .that.”句型中加以強(qiáng)調(diào)的也只能是 because 引導(dǎo)的從句。它所引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在主句后面,需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),也可以放在主句的前面。如:Because he
29、 was Aristotle,the great thinker,no one questioned his ideas for almost 2000 years.因?yàn)樗莵喞锼苟嗟?,是一位偉大的思想家,所以差不?000來(lái),無(wú)人對(duì)他的看法提出質(zhì)疑。since 要比 because 的語(yǔ)氣稍弱而沒(méi)有 because 那樣正式,表示無(wú)須加以說(shuō)明的原因,這種原因是已知的。常常譯作“既然”,所引導(dǎo)的從句多放在主句之前。如:Sinc
30、e you are busy,I'll do it for you.既然你忙,我來(lái)替你做吧。as 意為“由于”,“鑒于”,是本組中語(yǔ)氣最弱的一個(gè)詞,它所說(shuō)明的原因是比較明顯的,可能是已經(jīng)淺露的原因。常用于日常的談話中,它引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首或主句之后。如:As it's raining,you'd better stay at home.天在下雨,你最好待在家里。13.agree with/agree toThe
31、y could not agree with one another.他們誰(shuí)也不能同意誰(shuí)的意見。We agree to this plan.我們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。<辨析>兩者都有“同意”、“贊成”的意思。agree with 后面常接表示人或意見(看法)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。agree to 后面一般接表示提議、辦法、計(jì)劃之類的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。此外,agree with 還有“適合”、“符合”的含義。如:The climate
32、160;here doesn't agree with him.他不適合這里的氣候。14.happen/happen toThis story happened in London.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在倫敦。What happens to ice when it is placed in your hand?冰放在你的手里將會(huì)變成什么?The first blind man&
33、#160;happened to place his hand on the elephant's side.第一個(gè)瞎子碰巧把手放在象的一側(cè)。<辨析>happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“發(fā)生”,其主語(yǔ)往往是物。使用 happen 時(shí)須注意:1)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如不可以說(shuō) An accident was happened last week.上星期發(fā)生了一個(gè)事故。應(yīng)將 was 刪去。2)h
34、appen 是終止性動(dòng)詞,其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如不可以說(shuō) The accident has happened for a week.事故發(fā)生已有一星期了。應(yīng)改成 The accident happened a week ago.如表示“某人發(fā)生了什么事”或“某物怎么了”則用 happen to sb./sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Has anything happened to
35、0;him?他出什么事了?happen 還可作“碰巧”、“恰好”解,后接動(dòng)詞不定式或用于“it happens that.”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:I happened to have no money with me(=It happened that I had no money with me.)恰好我沒(méi)帶錢。15.quarrel about/quarrel withThe six m
36、an sat by the roadside all day,quarrelling about the elephant.那6個(gè)人整天坐在路邊,為了那頭象爭(zhēng)吵不休。John quarrelled with his wife yesterday.昨天,約翰跟妻子爭(zhēng)吵。<辨析>quarrel about 意為“為(某事)爭(zhēng)吵”,quarrel with 意為“跟(某人)爭(zhēng)吵”。16.at all/
37、not at allWe were not tired at all.我們一點(diǎn)也不累。It's very kind of you.Not at all.你真客氣哪里,哪里。<辨析>at all 起加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的作用,可用于以下幾種場(chǎng)合:1)用在否定句中或與含否定意義的詞的連用,意為“一點(diǎn)也不”、“根本不”。如例1)。2)用在肯定句或疑問(wèn)句中,常有較強(qiáng)的感情色彩,意為“究竟”、“果然”。例如:Did you sp
38、eak at all?你究竟發(fā)言了沒(méi)有?3)用在條件句中,意為“既然”、“(如果)真的、確實(shí)”。如:Do it well if you do it at all.既然要做就得做好。not at all 常用作客套語(yǔ),是“別客氣”的意思。 17.who/thatPeople who can see somethings act just as foolishly.有時(shí)候,眼睛看得見的人也同
39、樣做出這類蠢事。Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?在那邊看報(bào)紙的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?<辨析>who 與 that 都可用作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指人。在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常兩者可以互換。例如:The boy that(who) helped me is my brother.幫助我的那個(gè)男孩是我的弟弟。但下列
40、幾種情況多用 who:1)先行詞為 those 時(shí),如:Those who want to go to the cinema,please be at the school gate at four o'clock.想去看電影的人,請(qǐng)四點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)校門口。2)先行詞為 one,ones 或 anyone 時(shí),如:They said,the clothes
41、 made of this magic cloth would be invisible to anyone who was unfit for the office he held.他們說(shuō),這種魔布縫制的衣服,任何一個(gè)不稱職的人是看不見的。若主句是以 who 開頭的疑問(wèn)句,則其后的定語(yǔ)從句宜由 that 引導(dǎo)。如例2)。18.that/whichThis is
42、60;the best film that has been shown this year.這是今年放過(guò)的最好的一部電影。The earth,which goes round the sun,is called a planet.地球圍繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),被稱為行星。<辨析>關(guān)系代詞 that 與 which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),都可指物,都可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。有時(shí)兩者可互換。如:A p
43、lace is a machine that(which) can fly.飛機(jī)是一種能飛的機(jī)器。但在下列情況下,只宜用 that,不用 which:1)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如例1)。2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞以及 only,very,last 等修飾時(shí)。如:The first thing that we should do is (to) work out a plan.我們
44、該的第一件事是訂個(gè)計(jì)劃。3)被修飾的先行詞為 all,much,little 等不定代詞時(shí),如:All that can be done must be done.凡能做到的事情都必須做。4)當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí),如:They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他們聊起他們所能記得的
45、學(xué)校里的人和事來(lái)。5)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作表語(yǔ)時(shí),如:My home village is no longer the place that it used to be.我的故鄉(xiāng)現(xiàn)在已不再是過(guò)去那個(gè)面貌了。在下列情況下只宜用 which,不用 that:1)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,如例2)。2)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí),如:This is the room in which we liv
46、ed last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^(guò)的房間。19.as soon as/onceI'll give this note to him as soon as school is over.一放學(xué)我就把這張便條給他。Once you see him,you will never forget him.你一旦見到他,就永遠(yuǎn)忘不了他。<辨析>兩者都可譯作“剛.
47、就.”、“一旦.就.”,表示主句動(dòng)作緊接在從句動(dòng)作之后 發(fā)生。as soon as 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的緊接,once 則帶有條件意味。試比較:As soon as the bell rang,the teacher came in.鈴一響,老師就進(jìn)來(lái)了(不宜用 once)。You won't find it difficult once you have understood&
48、#160;the rule.一旦你懂得了這條規(guī)律,你就不會(huì)感到困難 了。(不宜用 as soon as) 20.receive/acceptOur country sometimes uses man-made satellites to send and receive TV programmes.我國(guó)有時(shí)候使用人造衛(wèi)星發(fā)送和接收電視節(jié)目。He did experiments to t
49、est and prove an idea before he was rady to accept it.他準(zhǔn)備接受一種觀念之前,都先進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)它加以驗(yàn)證。<辨析>這兩個(gè)詞都有“接”的意思。receive 指“接到”、“收到”這一動(dòng)作或事實(shí),不涉及是否樂(lè)意或同意,可以表示收到信件、禮物、邀請(qǐng),或接受教育、命令等。accept 指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮“接受”下來(lái),強(qiáng)調(diào)其主觀上樂(lè)意“接受”。再看下例:Yesterday he received
50、160;a present,but didn't want to accept it.昨天他收到一件禮物,但他并不想要。receive 還可表示“接待”、“接見”,accept 則沒(méi)有這種意義。如:We often receive foreign guests.我們經(jīng)常接待外賓。注意:receive 是終止性動(dòng)詞,其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如不可以說(shuō) I have received your
51、letter for five days.應(yīng)該說(shuō) I received your letter five days ago.21.watch/observeIn the evening we watched dancing and singing in a big theatre.晚上,我們?cè)谝患掖髣?chǎng)看了歌舞。He observed things care
52、fully and never took anything for granted.他仔細(xì)觀察事物,對(duì)任何事情從不想當(dāng)然。<辨析>watch 意為“看著”、“觀看”、“注視”,后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),也可接由不帶 to 的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),還可接連接代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的從句,但不能接 that 從句。例如:I watched them get into the car.我看著他們上了車。He st
53、opped to watch us working.他停一來(lái)看我們干活。Watch what I do and how I do it.看我的動(dòng)作,看我是怎么做的。observe 意為“觀察”(watch carefully),也可表示“注意到”(see,notice),后接名詞或代詞、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(與 watch 同),還可接 that 從句。例如:We observed that it&
54、#160;had turned cloudy.我們注意到天轉(zhuǎn)陰了。 22.decide/make up one's mindJenny decided to turn the wallet in first.詹妮決定先交錢夾。Galileo made up his mind to test Aristotle's theory by doing exp
55、eriments.伽利略下決心通過(guò)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證亞里斯多德的理論。<辨析>兩者都有“決定”、“決心”的意思。decide 著重指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、商談或研究之后而作出決定,后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或從句,可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中。如:Nothig is decided yet.什么都沒(méi)有決定下來(lái)。make up one's mind 是與“遲疑、動(dòng)搖、不知所從”等相對(duì)的說(shuō)法,意味著打定主意,下了決心,后跟不定式或 that 從句,也可單獨(dú)使用。有時(shí)也解作“認(rèn)定了某事”。如:Aristotle
56、160;had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects.亞里斯多德認(rèn)定重的物體比輕的物體下落得快。23.slow/slowlyA feather falls slower than a stone.羽毛比石頭落得慢。He observed that feathers
57、60;fell to the ground slowly.他觀察到羽毛落地很慢。<辨析>兩者都可以用作副詞,表示“慢慢地”的意思。slow 常用在動(dòng)詞 go,drive,speak,read 等后面或副詞 how 后面。如:How slow he walks!他走得多慢??!My watch goes slow.我的表經(jīng)常慢。slowly 可置于行為動(dòng)詞的前后或句首。如:Mr Baker's fac
58、e slowly turned red.貝克先生的臉慢慢地變紅了。slow 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是 slower,slowest;而 slowly 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是 more slowly,most slowly。slow 還可作形容詞,意為“慢的”、“遲鈍的”。如:He was old and slow.他年紀(jì)大,行動(dòng)遲緩。24.pay/spend/costHe paid one yuan for
59、;the apples.他買蘋果花了一元。I spent ten yuan on the dictionary.這本詞典花了我十元。The new diamond necklace cost the Loisels thirty-six thousand francs.買新鉆石項(xiàng)鏈花掉了盧瓦澤爾夫婦三萬(wàn)六千法郎。<辨析>三者都有“花費(fèi)(金錢)”的意思,但用法不相同。pay 與 spend 的主語(yǔ)
60、應(yīng)該是人,使用它們的方式分別是 sb.pays some money for sth.和 sb.spends some money on (for) sth.或 sb.spends some money in doing sth.cost 的主語(yǔ)總是所購(gòu)買的東西,而購(gòu)物的主人常常是它的間接賓語(yǔ),其方式是 sth.costs sb.some money。試比較:The coat&
61、#160;cost her twenty tuan./She spent twenty yuan on (for) the coat.She paid twenty yuan for the coat.買這件外衣她花了二十元。注意:cost 的間接賓語(yǔ)不能同介詞連用。如不可以說(shuō) The coat cost twenty yuan for (to)
62、her.25.pay for/pay off/pay backWe've already paid for the recorder.這架錄音機(jī)我們已經(jīng)付款了。We've at last paid off all our debts.我們總算把所有的債都還清了。They had to pay back the money they had b
63、orrowed.他們不得不歸還所借的錢。<辨析>pay for 意為“付.款”(give money for),其賓語(yǔ)通常是表示物件或東西的名詞或代詞。pay off 意為“償還(債務(wù)等)”(pay all that is owed on a debt,etc.)。pay back 意為“歸還(所借的錢)”(return money that has been borrowed),有時(shí)
64、后面跟表示“債務(wù)”的名詞,作“償還(債務(wù))”解。如:You ought to pay back your debts.你應(yīng)當(dāng)償還你的債務(wù)。這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中的 off 與 back 可與 pay 拆開使用,跟代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),必須將代詞放在兩者之間。 26.because/because ofHe isn't coming because he is very busy.他來(lái)不
65、了,因?yàn)樗苊Αathilde lived a hard life for ten years because of the lost necklace.瑪?shù)贍柕乱驗(yàn)槟菞l丟失的項(xiàng)鏈,而過(guò)了十年艱苦的生活。<辨析>because 與 because of 都是“因?yàn)椤钡囊馑?,但它們的詞性與用法不同。because 是從屬連詞,后接原因狀語(yǔ)從句。because of 是復(fù)合介詞,后接名詞(代詞)或
66、動(dòng)名詞,也可接 what 引導(dǎo)的從句。如:Her face went red because of what he said.他所說(shuō)的話使她的臉都紅了。 27.would rather/had betterI would rather stay at home.我寧愿待在家里。You had better go yourself.你最好自己去。<辨析>would r
67、ather 表示句子主語(yǔ)的愿望、選擇,意為“寧愿.”。如果表示“寧愿(可).也不愿.”則用句型 would rather.than.。在 would rather 和 than 后面所連接的兩個(gè)對(duì)比部分一般要一致,宜將 than 譯成否定意義。如:The brave soldier would rather die than give in.那個(gè)勇敢的士兵寧死不屈。hat better 表示對(duì)別人
68、勸告或建議,意為“最好.”。使用這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)須注意:1)兩者都是后接動(dòng)詞原形。2)其否定形式分別在 rather 和 better 之間加 not。如:I would rather not tell you.我寧可不告訴你。You had better not keep the window open.你最好不要開著窗戶。3)would rather 后可跟從句,從句謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)
69、要做的事情。如:I would rather that we stopped now.我寧可現(xiàn)在停下來(lái)。28.wise/clever/brightThe people had come to love him as an inspiring leader and a wise,warm-hearted,honest man.人民已把他看成一位具有感召力的領(lǐng)袖,看成一位聰明、熱情、誠(chéng)實(shí)的人而愛(ài)戴他。
70、The little mokey was clever.這只小猴子很聰明。He told Tom's mother that Tom was not bright.他告訴湯姆的母親說(shuō),湯姆并不聰明。<辨析>這三個(gè)形容詞都有“聰明的”的意思。wise 指人有廣博的知識(shí)與經(jīng)驗(yàn),能作出正確的判斷,采取明智的行動(dòng),經(jīng)常用來(lái)形容偉人、領(lǐng)袖等。clever 應(yīng)用范圍較廣,常用來(lái)形容一般人或小孩子,有“思維敏捷、聰明伶俐”的含義。bright
71、0;的意思與 clever 基本相同,常用于口語(yǔ)中,它一般用來(lái)形容小孩。29.continue/lastThough it was late,they continued the work.雖然天晚了,他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。The war lasted four years before the North won in the end.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了四年,最后北方取得勝利。<辨析>comtinue&
72、#160;意為“繼續(xù)”,可用作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后接名詞、代詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞。如:She continued to do(或 doing) her lessons.她繼續(xù)做功課。After a short break the play continued.休息一下以后,演出繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。last 用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“延續(xù)”、“持續(xù)”、“維持”。多用于時(shí)間、氣力、友誼、金錢、利益、食物等方面的延續(xù)。如:We're sure
73、;our friendship will last forever.我們相信,我們的友誼將會(huì)萬(wàn)古長(zhǎng)表。How long did the concert last?音樂(lè)會(huì)開了多久?30.country/nationThis country is in the west of Asia.這個(gè)國(guó)家位于亞洲的西部。The whole nation was in deep sorrow&
74、#160;at his death.聽到他的死訊,全國(guó)陷入深深的悲痛之中。<辨析>這兩個(gè)名詞都可解作“國(guó)家”,但著眼點(diǎn)不同。country 側(cè)重指疆而言。nation 側(cè)重指人民而言,因此 nation ??勺g作“民族”。31.no more than/not more thanHe has no more than twenty yuan in his packet.他的口袋里只有20元。He
75、 has not more than twenyt yuan is his packet.他口袋里的錢不超過(guò)20元。<辨析>這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)在意義上是不相同的。1)后面接數(shù)詞時(shí),no more than 相當(dāng)于 only,是“僅僅、只不過(guò)”的意思。not more than 相當(dāng)于 at most,是“至多、不超過(guò)”的意思。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)少,后者說(shuō)明事實(shí)。試比較:There are no
76、;more than ten tickets left.只剩下10張票了(表示不多了)。There are not more than ten tickets left.剩票不超過(guò)10張(說(shuō)明事實(shí))。2)后面接比較狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),no more than 的意思是“和.同樣不”:,not more than 的意思是“不比.更”、“不及”。試比較:Jack is no more dilige
77、nt than John.杰克和約翰一樣都不勤奮。(=Neither Jack nor John is diligent.)Jack is not more diligent than John.杰克不如約翰勤奮。(=Jack is not as diligent as John.) 32.in order to/in order thatBut peopl
78、e killed many mountain lions in order to protect the deer.但是人們?yōu)榱吮Wo(hù)鹿,殺死了許多美洲獅。They started out early in order that they might get there in time.他們很早動(dòng)身,以便及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。<辨析>兩者都作“為了”、“以便”解。in
79、0;order to 后接不定式短語(yǔ),表示目的,既可位于名首,也可位于句末。in order that 后接從句常置于句末,表示目的,從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may(might),can(could)等。33.ought/shouldYou ought to start at once.你應(yīng)當(dāng)立刻出發(fā)。What should we learn form Marx in mastering a fore
80、ign language?要掌握一門外語(yǔ),我們應(yīng)當(dāng)向馬克思學(xué)習(xí)些什么?<辨析>ought 和 should 都可以解作“應(yīng)當(dāng)”、“應(yīng)該”,用來(lái)表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù),或提出勸告,在很多場(chǎng)合兩者可以互換。只是 should 表示的主觀看法強(qiáng)些,ought 則更多反映客觀情況。ought 后面需接帶 to 的不定式,與其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,用于各種人稱,沒(méi)有詞形變化。應(yīng)注意:ought to 與 should 加原形動(dòng)詞用于指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作,不能用于指過(guò)去的
81、動(dòng)作。要表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際未做的事,應(yīng)用 ought to (should)+have+過(guò)去分詞。試譯:你昨天本應(yīng)寫這封信。誤:You ought to (should) write the letter yesterday.正:You ought to (should) have written the letter yesterday.34.how soon/how long/how
82、0;oftenHe sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready.他又派了一位官員去看看還要多久布料才能織好。He asked the doctor how long it had taken him to finish the operation.
83、他問(wèn)醫(yī)生動(dòng)這個(gè)手術(shù)花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?How often does your father let you watch TV?你爸爸讓你多久看一次電視?<辨析>how soon 用來(lái)提問(wèn)別人要“多快”能做好某事,所提問(wèn)的部分一般是“要過(guò)多久以后”或“即刻”等意義的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如 in two weeks,before long,after March,at once 等),多用于含將來(lái)意義的句子中。how lon
84、g 用來(lái)提問(wèn)“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,所提問(wèn)的部分一般是“一段時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(如 for three days,since last week 等)。how often 意為“是否經(jīng)?!?、“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”,所提問(wèn)的部分一般是表示頻度的副詞或詞組(如 sometimes.seldom,every day,once a week 等)。35.officer/official“use your knife,man!”ordered the
85、160;British officer nearby.“嗨,用刀子!”旁邊的英國(guó)軍官命令到。The official could see nothing.這位官員什么也看不見。<辨析>officer 通常指“(海、陸、空)軍官”或“警官”。如:His uncle was an officer in the Red Army.他叔叔是紅軍軍官。official 一般指政府的文職官員,包括行政人員或高級(jí)職員。如:His
86、;father is a bank official.他父親是銀行高級(jí)職員。36.wide/widelyThe poor old Prime Minister opened his eyes wider and wider.可憐的老丞相,驚得眼睛越睜越大。English is probably the most widely used at those meeting
87、s.在那些會(huì)議上,英語(yǔ)可能用得最廣泛。<辨析>兩者都可以用作副詞。wide 通常表示范圍或程度的極點(diǎn),用于修飾作表語(yǔ)的形容詞。如 wide awake(完全清醒)。widely 通常表示范圍或程度的廣大,用于修飾過(guò)去分詞,如 widely read 閱讀廣博。兩者都可以修飾動(dòng)詞,wide 一般位于動(dòng)詞之后,widely 可位于動(dòng)詞之前或之后。wide 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是 wider,widest;widely 的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是 more wi
88、dely,most widely。 37.most/a most/the mostIt's most beautiful!真是美極了。This is a most interesting book.這是一本很有趣的書。They know how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in
89、 the world.他們會(huì)織世界上色彩最漂亮,圖案最美的布料。<辨析>句1)中的 most 意為“非常”、“很”,相當(dāng)于 very,不表示最高級(jí),只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,這樣用時(shí)前面不加定冠詞,但可以加不定冠詞。如例2)。句3)中的 most 與形容詞 beautiful 構(gòu)成最高級(jí)形式,前面應(yīng)有 the。如果 most 和副詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成最高級(jí)時(shí),定冠詞 the 可以省略。如:She writes (the) most&
90、#160;careful of the three.三人中她寫字最仔細(xì)。試比較:He asked us a most important question.他問(wèn)了我們一個(gè)非常重要的問(wèn)題。He asked us the most important question on the subject.他問(wèn)了我們有關(guān)那個(gè)學(xué)科的一個(gè)最重要的問(wèn)題。38.point to/point outThey pointed to the empty&
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- GB/T 24276-2025通過(guò)計(jì)算進(jìn)行低壓成套開關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備溫升驗(yàn)證的一種方法
- 2025年中職煙草栽培與加工(煙草技術(shù)專題)試題及答案
- 2025年大學(xué)交通運(yùn)輸(物流運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃)試題及答案
- 2025年大學(xué)農(nóng)村電氣技術(shù)(農(nóng)村新能源利用)試題及答案
- 2026年生物科技(基因編輯技術(shù))試題及答案
- 2025年高職獸醫(yī)服務(wù)(服務(wù)技術(shù))試題及答案
- 2025年高職(野生動(dòng)植物資源保護(hù)與利用)野生動(dòng)物監(jiān)測(cè)試題及答案
- 2025年中職護(hù)理(老年護(hù)理)試題及答案
- 2025年高職電網(wǎng)監(jiān)控技術(shù)(電網(wǎng)監(jiān)控操作)試題及答案
- 2025年高職(中藥購(gòu)銷員)中藥銷售綜合測(cè)試題及答案
- 商超信息系統(tǒng)操作規(guī)定
- 如何做好一名護(hù)理帶教老師
- 房地產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目回款策略與現(xiàn)金流管理
- 花溪區(qū)高坡苗族鄉(xiāng)國(guó)土空間總體規(guī)劃 (2021-2035)
- 非連續(xù)性文本閱讀(中考試題20篇)-2024年中考語(yǔ)文重難點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)攻略(解析版)
- 專題13 三角函數(shù)中的最值模型之胡不歸模型(原卷版)
- 門診藥房西藥管理制度
- 新能源汽車生產(chǎn)代工合同
- 2025年中煤科工集團(tuán)重慶研究院有限公司招聘筆試參考題庫(kù)含答案解析
- 消防救援預(yù)防職務(wù)犯罪
- 一體化泵站安裝施工方案
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論