1、高中英語閱讀理解精讀薈萃（中級篇）4Passage One Crime in ComputerNew and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, ind

2、ustrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer program. An international marke

3、t already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firms competitors to foreign nations. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the fi

4、rms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and da

5、ily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organiz

6、ed crime. Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to des

7、troy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing. Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private com

8、puter systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken

9、 attempts in assassinating political leaders. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as e

10、asily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. The computer opens vast areas of cri

11、me to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapte

12、d to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology. 1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 102. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a companys computer?A. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the f

13、irms operational ability. B. His purpose is to weaken firms competitive capability and get it. C. His purpose is to buy the rivals company at a relatively low price. D. His purpose is to steal important data. 3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer

14、system?A. Sabotage of a university computer. B. Sabotage of a hospital computer. C. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base. D. Sabotage of a factory computer. 4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?A. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person. B. Criminals c

15、an kill whoever they want by a computer. C. The computer can replace any weapons. D. The function of a computer is just like a gun. Vocabulary1. bizarre奇怪的2. vandalism破壞，故意破壞文化，藝術(shù)的行為3. cripple使癱瘓，削弱4. fence 賊市，臟品買賣處5. neutralize使成為無效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping記錄存貯8. havoc浩劫，大破壞9. resort to 求助于，借

16、助于10. motivate 作為的動機，激發(fā)11. extremist 過激分子，極端主義分子12. sprout萌發(fā)迅速發(fā)展13. awesome令人驚懼的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻擊，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破壞16. hospital life-support system 醫(yī)院的生命維持系統(tǒng)17. hit man 職業(yè)兇手（殺手）18. pool 集中（資金）合辦，入股19. criminology 犯罪學(xué)，刑事學(xué)難句譯注1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new t

17、echnology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 句子很長，都是簡單句，中間有分號隔開，后面是舉例。【參考譯文】 有組織犯罪團伙也直接參與：計算機新技術(shù)較為犯罪提供了無限的

18、機會，如數(shù)據(jù)信息犯罪，偷竊服務(wù)項目，跟財產(chǎn)有關(guān)的犯罪，工業(yè)破壞，跟政治有關(guān)的破壞，破壞文化藝術(shù)，對個人和財經(jīng)方面的罪行等等。2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 并列句，and 作對比連接詞用。【參考譯文】 一個計算機信息的國際市場已經(jīng)存在，而專門從事臟品交易的市場據(jù)說在迅速擴展的犯罪市場中起

19、著關(guān)鍵的作用。3. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)，后跟thus+從句表示結(jié)果?！緟⒖甲g文】 競爭對手破壞一個公司的計算機系統(tǒng)為的是摧毀或削弱公司的操作運行能力，從而使其喪失在私人或政府部門中的競爭力。4. Th

20、e computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fenc

21、es. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 兩句話。前一句為主謂賓，后一句為主從句，從句內(nèi)采用tooto 句型，后跟分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)進一步說明。【參考譯文】 計算機為國內(nèi)和國際有組織犯罪集團開辟了犯罪的廣泛領(lǐng)域。它要求它們集中資源，提高通力協(xié)作力量，因為許多犯罪太復(fù)雜，一個集團難以駕馭，特別是那些需要巨大的臟品交易時常網(wǎng)絡(luò)的罪行。寫作方法與文章大意文章介紹“計算機犯罪”，采用分類寫作手法，先列出種種計算機犯罪項，下面逐一說明。文本只選四種犯罪信息數(shù)據(jù)偷竊或信息（數(shù)據(jù)）犯罪，產(chǎn)業(yè)破壞，政治破壞，對個人生命破壞。分四段敘述，每段為一種罪行，最后是對比罪犯勢力越來越有組織，勢力請大，而司法部門卻沒有準(zhǔn)備好。答案詳解1. B.

22、 種，具體罪行。見難句譯注。2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司競爭力進而得到它。答案見難句譯注及第二段第二句起：“計算機破壞也可以和富裕的投資者欲得到對手的公司的企圖相連。隨著公司對計算機記錄存儲的信賴性加強，破壞他們的計算機可以造成內(nèi)部大破壞。之后，對取得這個公司感性趣的集團很容易在級低價格上買進?！盇. 削弱公司運轉(zhuǎn)能力。C. 在相當(dāng)?shù)偷膬r格上買進對手的公司。這兩個選項都只是破壞目的的一個方面。D. 偷竊重要資料，文內(nèi)沒有講。3. C 破壞秘密訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)。這可以標(biāo)以政治目的的破壞計算機。A. 大學(xué)B. 醫(yī)院D. 工廠。這三個地方都難以和政治直接相連，第三段講的大學(xué)是“參與國防保衛(wèi)工作的大學(xué)計算機

23、措施”，和一般大學(xué)不一樣。只有秘密訓(xùn)練的基地和真正相連的可能性最大，所以選C. 4. B. 犯罪可以通過計算機任意殺人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集團曾采取步驟暗殺政治領(lǐng)袖。醫(yī)院的生命維護系統(tǒng)，實驗室，大型外科手術(shù)中都用計算機。罪犯們很容易把這些計算機轉(zhuǎn)變成破壞的工具。通過破壞生命維護系統(tǒng)計算機，罪犯們就像用槍一樣很容易殺死人。通過控制計算機，他們可以指導(dǎo)這可怖的工具攻擊大城市中心。城市和國家都可以成為人質(zhì)。謀殺具有新的形式，計算機可能成為世紀(jì)的事業(yè)殺手。”A. 殺人不需要用槍。這話太籠統(tǒng)，不用槍，用什么。用毒藥，用刀？ C. 計算機可以取代任何武器。D. 計算機的功能就像槍，錯誤的。Passage

24、 Two A Strong Stock MarketThe increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board

25、 to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. Such an increases in the margin rate is a confi

26、rmation of a strong stock market and since 19,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guidelineand if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the sa

27、me coursecontinued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism. The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous yearand the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mai

28、nly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. We continue to believe that this could be the case. For example, steel stocks tend to se

29、ll at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. Below a certain ratio they are considered good valueabove a certain ratio, overpriced. If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the companys earnings. We have also contended in the p

30、ast Letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. When investorsboth the public and the institutionsare nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. These same investorswhen they are

31、in an optimistic frame of mindbecome for less preoccupied with yields and more willing to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. If the publics attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism. 1. The title that best expresses

32、the ideas of this passage is A. A Time to Sell Stock. B. A Strong Stock Market C. Raising the Margin RateC. Price/earnings Ratio in Steel2. When investors are pessimistic what do they do?A. They look to the FRB for help. B. They buy steelC. They buy automobile stocks. D. They look for high yields. 3

33、. Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market?A. Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio. B. Because the activity had been limited to blue chips. C. Because the rise was conservative. D. Because of the FRB action. 4. W

34、hen investors are optimistic, what do they do?A. They look for accelerated growth. B. They buy speciality stocks. C. They look for high yields. C. They are more prudent. Vocabulary1. margin rate 保證金率，邊際比率2. rampant 無約束力，猖獗的，蔓延的3. stem 遏制4. stem from滋長，源自5. underpin 加強基礎(chǔ)，支持6. underpinning 支持物，基礎(chǔ)（建筑物下

35、的）7. preoccupy先占，使專心于，吸引住8. undue過分的，非法的，不適當(dāng)?shù)?. interim 間歇；暫時的，間歇的10. guideline方針，指導(dǎo)路線11. underscore 在下面劃線，強調(diào)12. point up 加強，強調(diào)13. bluechip 蘭籌股票14. blue-chip蘭籌的15. outperform 在使用上勝過16. overprice將標(biāo)價過高17. numerical ratio 數(shù)率，數(shù)字比率18. earnings收益，利潤，收入19. contend 競爭，堅決主張，爭論20. premium傭金，酬金難句譯注1. The incre

36、ase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinning

37、s that existed in the market. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 是notbut句型，兩個破折號中間是插入成分；中插入一個帶with+N+participle 短語【參考譯文】 保證金率從50%增長到70%，并不是想要遏制群眾方面猖獗的投機，而是聯(lián)邦儲備委員會想要保持現(xiàn)存于股市強勁基礎(chǔ)事實上股市由于群眾非常莊嚴(yán)的參與在技術(shù)上看起來相當(dāng)強勁。2. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guidelineand if busin

38、ess and corporate earnings were to continue on the same coursecontinued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 復(fù)合句。中間有插入語if clause, 進一步說明條件?！緟⒖甲g文】 顯然，不可能保證這種情況再次出現(xiàn)（情況再是這樣）?？墒牵绻麣v史具有指導(dǎo)方針的話如果商業(yè)和公司的利潤仍然保持在同樣軌道上那么對股市前景樂觀似乎要比悲觀更精確些。3. The margin incr

39、ease underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous yearand the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】 這句句子內(nèi)有四個that clause：第一個that是good

40、 rise的定語從句。第二個和第三個that都是the fact that句型。但第二個the fact that中，as long as it was, 指頭一年，pointed up是謂語。第四個是in that連詞，義：因為。寫作方法與文章大意文章論述“強勁證券市場”的種種情況。首先是聯(lián)邦儲備委員會為保持強股市基礎(chǔ)要求保證金率增長。這種增長過去，現(xiàn)在，將來都能鞏固強市。其次由于絕大部分集中在蘭籌股上，使股市看好上升趨于保守，引出行業(yè)股比普通股吃香。最后是投資者心情和股市強弱有關(guān)。答案詳解1. B. 強勁證券市場（強市）。見難句譯注1和第一段第三句：“那種保證金率的增長有力的鞏固了強勁證券

41、市場。從19年起，這種增長導(dǎo)致一年來股市屢創(chuàng)新高。A. 買出股票的時候。C. 提高保證金率。D. 鋼的市盈率。這三項都不對，它們只是文中涉及的方面。2. D. 他尋找高業(yè)績（即公司的產(chǎn)量或投資收益）。見文章倒數(shù)第三句：“當(dāng)投資者公眾和團體機構(gòu)緊張而又悲觀時，他們肯定在買進股票上舉棋不定；他們尋求低價格/利潤倍數(shù)和高額利潤。A. 他們尋求聯(lián)邦儲備委員會的幫助。 B. 他們買進鋼材。C. 他們買進汽車股票。3. A. 因為在決定定價/利潤比上難以分析。見第二段第二句：“在過去的投資保證上我們一直表達了這樣的思想：行業(yè)股票在使用上可能超過普通股。我們依然相信情況可能就是這樣。舉例說：鋼股往往在一定價

42、格/利潤比上拋出。低于一定比率，可認(rèn)為股是好價值，而高于一定比率就是超價。如果一個公司就生產(chǎn)獨一無二的產(chǎn)品，那市場分析就很難對公司所得定出數(shù)比?！癇. 因為股市活動受蘭籌股所限。 C. 因為行情上升保守。這兩項見難句譯注3。D. 由于聯(lián)邦儲備基金會的行動。4. A. 他們尋求加速的增長。見文章倒數(shù)第二句：“同樣是這些股民，當(dāng)投資者（對股市前景）持樂觀態(tài)度時，他們不太關(guān)注（公司的）業(yè)績（產(chǎn)值）而愿意以高價來購買具有高成長性的股票?！盤assage Three The Military Is InThings have really changed. Not only is the militar

43、y standing tall again, it is staging a remarkable comeback in the quantity and quality of the recruits it is attracting. Recruiters, once denounced by antiwar students as “baby killers” and barred from campuses, are welcomed ever at elite universities. ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) programs

44、, that faltered during the Viet Nam era, when protesters were fire bombing their headquarters, are flourishing again. The military academies are enjoying a steady increase in applications. Certainly, the depressed economy has increased the allure of the jobs, technical training and generous student

45、loans offered by the military. Students know that if they go in and become, say, nuclear weapons specialists, they can come out and demand a salary of $60,000 a year. Military salaries, while not always competitive with those paid for comparable jobs in the private sector, are more than respectable,

46、 especially considering the wide array of benefits that are available: free medical service, room and board, and PX (Post Exchange) privileges. Monthly pay for a recruit is $574; for a sergeant with four years services it is $906; for a major with ten years service it is $2,305. The services slick $

47、175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. Kids are walking down the school hallways chanting Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, just like in the commercials. And many military officials feel that the key difference is the enhanced

48、 patriotism among the nations youth. There is a return to the view that the military is an honorable profession. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. Recruiting for all four services combined is running at 101%of authorized goals. And the retention rate is

49、 now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing annual recruiting target. The military academics are also enjoying halcyon years, attracting more and better-qualified students. Compared to private colleges, where tuition and expenses have been climbing sharp

50、ly, the service schools are a real bargain: not only is tuition free, but recruits get allowances of up to $500 a mouth. It is reported 12,300 applicants are for the 1,450 positions in this years freshman class. Military academies are now just as selective as any of the best universities in the coun

51、try. Nationwide, ROTC enrollment exceeds 105,000,a 64% increase over the 1974 figure. In the mid 70s, the ROTC students refused to wear their uniforms on campus because they suffered all sorts of ridicule, if they did. Now if they wear them to class no one looks at them twice. To them, Viet Nam is a

52、ncient history, something the old folks talk about. 1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The Military is in B. The Military is upC. The Military is down D. The Military is on2. What was the attitude of the students in 1970s towards the military?A. Approval. B. Indifferent. C. Distaste. D. Sco

53、lding. 3. The phrase “come out” is closest in meaning to A. “become visible”. B. “begin to grow”. C. “be made public”. D. “gain a certain position”. 4. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to attract students. A. Free tuition. B. Spacious room. C. Considerate allowance. D. Technic

54、al training. Vocabulary1. stage a comeback 再度走紅，卷土重來2. standing tall 站得高3. babykiller 殺嬰犯人4. denounce 譴責(zé)5. elite 杰出的，名牌的6. ROTC=Reserve Offices Training Cope(美)后備軍官訓(xùn)練隊7. falter 動搖不定，躊躇不前8. flourish繁榮興旺9. allure 誘惑10. come out 進入社交界，揚名11. the wide array 一大批，一大半12. PX=Post Exchange陸軍消費合作社13. sergeant中

55、士14. major 少校15. slick聰明的，非常好的，吸引人的16. hallway門廳，過道17. chant 單調(diào)重復(fù)的說話（唱歌）18. miscreant 無賴，惡棍19. retention rate 繼續(xù)服役率，服役期滿不退役的比例20. real bargain好買賣，十分劃算難句譯注1. The services slick $175 million-a-year advertising campaign promising adventure and fulfillment has helped win over the TV generation. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】句子

56、的主語是campaign. 這里指大規(guī)模的廣告（advertising campaign）。Promising 修飾 campaign。2. The days of a judge telling a miscreant to join the Army or go to jail are over. 【參考譯文】由法官判一名無賴不去當(dāng)兵就得坐牢的日子過去了。3. And the retention rate is now so high, that the services are refusing some re-enlistment applications and reducing a

57、nnual recruiting target. 【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】so that 句型。【參考譯文】超役留隊率現(xiàn)在很高，所以各個軍種都要拒絕一些再入伍申請，并降低年度招兵指標(biāo)。寫作方法與文章大意這是論述軍隊在美國地位提高的文章，主要采用因果寫法，中插對比。答案詳解1. A. 軍隊又吃香了。To be in 有“流行，時髦”之義。全篇文章圍繞這一點而寫。文章一開頭就點名宗旨“事情真的變了，軍隊形象不僅高大，招收新兵的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量明顯得到恢復(fù)。”第二段開始：“可以肯定，經(jīng)濟蕭條使得軍隊提供就業(yè)，技術(shù)訓(xùn)練和對學(xué)生慷慨貸款提高了誘惑力。”第二段倒數(shù)第七句“許多軍官感到關(guān)鍵性的變化是這個國家青年中的愛國心增強

58、，當(dāng)兵是一個榮譽職業(yè)的看法又恢復(fù)了?！倍急硎境韵?。B. to be up 有“完了，完畢，上漲”等義。 C. to be down 有“消沉，落魄，下降”等義。 D. to be on 有“上演，開著”等義。這里都講不通。2. C. 厭惡。答案在第一段第二句“招兵人員曾一度被反戰(zhàn)學(xué)生譴責(zé)為殺嬰犯而拒之校園之外，現(xiàn)在甚至名牌大學(xué)都?xì)g迎。后備軍官訓(xùn)練隊計劃在越戰(zhàn)時期曾動搖不定，抗議的人向部隊投擲燃燒彈，如今又興旺起來?！弊詈笠欢蔚诙洹?0年代中期，后備軍官訓(xùn)練隊學(xué)生不愿在校內(nèi)穿制服，因為穿了就遭到各種嘲笑?！边@些都說明70年代，學(xué)生對軍隊的態(tài)度是“厭惡”。所以 A. 贊成， B. 漠不關(guān)心， D. 漫罵，都不對。3. 獲得地位。To come out 有 to gain certain position 獲得（名次，地位）之義，也有appear, to be seen （出現(xiàn)，看得見）之義。這