1、3Unit 3 Language in use.1. To summarise and consolidate the use of adjectives and adverbs2. To summarise and consolidate the use of comparative degree and superlative degreeObjectives People are wealthier today, and they live longer than they did in the past. But people dont take as much exercise as

2、 they used to. More people have cars, and they walk or use their bikes less. We eat better and we live longer.Grammar: 形容詞與副詞形容詞與副詞u 形容詞和副詞的句法作用形容詞和副詞的句法作用1. 形容詞形容詞 形容詞一般放在名詞之前作形容詞一般放在名詞之前作定語定語，或放在系，或放在系動詞之后作動詞之后作表語表語，或作，或作賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語。形容詞。形容詞作定語，一般都是放在名詞之前，但若修飾作定語，一般都是放在名詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞不定代詞 something, a

3、nything等則后置。等則后置。 We must keep our classroom clean. (賓補(bǔ)）賓補(bǔ)） They were kind and nice. (表語）表語） Can you see the old tree there? (定語）定語） Is there anything funny in the paper today? 作定語，常置于被修飾詞的前面作定語，常置于被修飾詞的前面 He is a good actor. 2. 作表語，置于連系動詞后面作表語，置于連系動詞后面 The baby is still asleep. Will you please make

4、 less noise? 寶寶還在睡覺，你小聲點(diǎn)好嗎？寶寶還在睡覺，你小聲點(diǎn)好嗎？3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語，置于賓語后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語，置于賓語后面 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你為這次會議做好準(zhǔn)備了嗎？你為這次會議做好準(zhǔn)備了嗎？ alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep等表語形等表語形容詞作定語需后置。容詞作定語需后置。Who is the greatest man alive?誰是當(dāng)今最偉大的人物？誰是當(dāng)今最偉大的人物？仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容詞的規(guī)律嗎？詞的

5、規(guī)律嗎？I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告訴你。我有重要的事要告訴你。英語單詞中英語單詞中something, anything, nothing等不等不定代詞被形容詞修飾時，形容詞放在不定代定代詞被形容詞修飾時，形容詞放在不定代詞后面。詞后面。 away，long，wide，high，deep，old等詞等詞附有數(shù)量詞語說明時需后置。附有數(shù)量詞語說明時需后置。The road is about 50 metres wide.這條路大約這條路大約50米寬。米寬。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容詞的

6、規(guī)律嗎？詞的規(guī)律嗎？He is a man full of energy.他是一個充滿活力的人。他是一個充滿活力的人。 形容詞形容詞+介詞短語或不定式短語作定語需后置。介詞短語或不定式短語作定語需后置。 用用and或或or連接的兩個意義相反的形容詞連接的兩個意義相反的形容詞作定語需后置。作定語需后置。She has a family, happy and rich.他有一個幸福美滿的家庭。他有一個幸福美滿的家庭。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容詞的規(guī)律嗎？詞的規(guī)律嗎？The weather here is very pleasant.這里的天氣很宜人。這里的

7、天氣很宜人。 形容詞作表語位于連系動詞之后。形容詞作表語位于連系動詞之后。形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，位于賓語之后。形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，位于賓語之后。The news made her mother very angry.這消息使她媽很生氣。這消息使她媽很生氣。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到有關(guān)形容詞的規(guī)律嗎？詞的規(guī)律嗎？Tired and hungry, he returned home.他又累又餓地回到家里。他又累又餓地回到家里。 形容詞或形容詞詞組作狀語使用時，可放形容詞或形容詞詞組作狀語使用時，可放在句首、句中或句尾。在句首、句中或句尾。a big round b

8、lack new wooden French table一張新的大而圓的法國黑色木桌子。一張新的大而圓的法國黑色木桌子。a famous German medical school一所德國著名的醫(yī)學(xué)院一所德國著名的醫(yī)學(xué)院 some green eating apples 一些綠色食用的蘋果一些綠色食用的蘋果a beautiful little young British policemen這些年輕高大的英國警察這些年輕高大的英國警察a pretty purple silk dress the boys little nice red toy仔細(xì)觀察下面例子，你能找到有關(guān)仔細(xì)觀察下面例子，你能找

9、到有關(guān)形容詞的規(guī)律嗎？形容詞的規(guī)律嗎？多個形容詞修飾名詞的大體順序是：多個形容詞修飾名詞的大體順序是：限定限定 描繪描繪 大大(小小) 長長 (短短) 高高 (低低) 形狀形狀 年齡年齡 新新 (舊舊) 老老 (少少) 顏色顏色 國籍國籍 出處出處 材料材料 作用作用 類別等類別等 +名詞名詞下面順口溜有助于你記憶：下面順口溜有助于你記憶：品大新形色國料品大新形色國料副詞用來副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞、修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞、 全句或名詞詞組及句子的詞全句或名詞詞組及句子的詞。常用的有：。常用的有：ago，before，now，then，soon, already，yet, her

10、e, there, up, down, above, below, inside, outside, where, very, much, so, too, quite, enough, easily, quietly, also, too, only等。在句中用作狀語、表語、等。在句中用作狀語、表語、定語、賓補(bǔ)等成分。定語、賓補(bǔ)等成分。 副詞的用法副詞的用法Our school is very beautiful.我們的學(xué)校非常美麗。我們的學(xué)校非常美麗。It was rather hot that day.He studies much harder now.他現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。他現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)更

11、努力了。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？規(guī)律？副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時，放在它所修副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時，放在它所修飾的詞的前面。飾的詞的前面。I dont know him well enough. 我不夠了解他。我不夠了解他。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？enough作為副詞總是置于被修飾的形容詞或作為副詞總是置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞后。副詞后。enough作為形容詞時可位于名詞前或者名詞后。作為形容詞時可位于名詞前或者名詞后。We havent enough food for you.= We havent foo

12、d enough for you.我們沒有足夠的事物分給你們。我們沒有足夠的事物分給你們。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？頻度副詞頻度副詞、程度副詞程度副詞可放在可放在be動詞、情態(tài)動動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞之后，實(shí)意動詞之前詞和助動詞之后，實(shí)意動詞之前。She has never been to Beijing. 她從沒有去過北京。她從沒有去過北京。They stayed at home last night.昨晚他們在家。昨晚他們在家。Last night (時間副詞時間副詞) they stayed at home (地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞).時間副詞時間

13、副詞和和地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞一般位于一般位于句尾句尾。如兩種副。如兩種副詞同時出現(xiàn)，則詞同時出現(xiàn)，則地點(diǎn)副詞放在時間副詞之前地點(diǎn)副詞放在時間副詞之前，也可將時間副詞放在句首。也可將時間副詞放在句首。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？Please listen carefully. 請認(rèn)真地聽講。請認(rèn)真地聽講。Please listen to me carefully.請認(rèn)真地聽我講。請認(rèn)真地聽我講。方式副詞方式副詞修飾及物動詞可在及物動詞前或賓修飾及物動詞可在及物動詞前或賓語后，修飾不及物動詞在修飾的動詞后或在語后，修飾不及物動詞在修飾的動詞后或在介詞介詞+賓

14、語后。賓語后。The people here are very friendly. 這里的人都很這里的人都很友好。友好。副詞副詞作定語作定語，一般放在被修飾的名詞后。，一般放在被修飾的名詞后。仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？仔細(xì)觀察下面句子，你能找到什么規(guī)律？The light is still on.電燈還在亮著。電燈還在亮著。Her office is just above.他的辦公室就在上面。他的辦公室就在上面。副詞副詞作表語作表語表示位置，位于系動詞后。表示位置，位于系動詞后。Im pleased to see you back.看到你回來我很高興?？吹侥慊貋砦液芨吲d。副詞副詞作賓

15、語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語位于賓語后。位于賓語后。Review the comparative degree and superlative adjectives and adverbs. 大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。不規(guī)則變化兩種。 構(gòu)成法構(gòu)成法原級原級比較級比較級 最高級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加加

16、-er，-est tall greattallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加加-r，-stnicelargeablenicerlargerablernicestlargestablest1). 規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞， 在詞尾加在詞尾加-er, -est 來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。 以一個輔音字母結(jié)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加音字母，再加-er，-es

17、tbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest少數(shù)以少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加節(jié)詞末尾加-er，-estclevernarrow cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。較級和最高級。importantmore importantmostimportant2). 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化 原級原級 比較級比較級 最高級最高級 good , well better bestbad, ill worse worst o

18、ld older / elder oldest / eldest much/ many more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 3). 形容詞、副詞等級的用法形容詞、副詞等級的用法1. 原級的用法原級的用法 只能修飾原級的詞，只能修飾原級的詞，very，quite，so， too。如：。如： He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了走不動了。他太累了走不動了。 My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him. 我哥哥跑得太快了

19、我跟不上。我哥哥跑得太快了我跟不上。2. 原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“甲甲+be+(倍數(shù)倍數(shù))+as+形容詞原級形容詞原級+as+乙乙”表表 示示“甲和乙程度相同甲和乙程度相同”或或“甲是乙的幾倍甲是乙的幾倍”。如：如： Tom is as old as Kate. 湯姆和凱特一樣大。湯姆和凱特一樣大。 “甲甲+實(shí)意動詞實(shí)意動詞+(倍數(shù)倍數(shù))+as+副詞原級副詞原級+as+乙乙”表示表示“甲和乙程度相同甲和乙程度相同”或或“甲是乙的幾倍甲是乙的幾倍”。如：如： Tom runs as fast as Mike. 湯姆和麥克一樣跑得快。湯姆和麥克一樣跑得快。(2)“甲甲+be +

20、 not + as / so+形容詞原級形容詞原級+as+乙乙” 表示甲不如乙表示甲不如乙如：如： This room is not as / so big as that one. 這個房間沒有那個大。這個房間沒有那個大?！凹准?助動詞助動詞+not+動詞原形動詞原形+as / so+副詞原副詞原級級+as+乙乙”表示甲不如乙表示甲不如乙如：如： He doesnt walk as slowly as you. 他走的沒有你走得慢。他走的沒有你走得慢。u 形容詞和副詞的比較等級形容詞和副詞的比較等級1. 常用的比較級的句型：常用的比較級的句型：1) A + 謂動詞謂動詞 + 比較級比較級 +

21、 than +B. Mary is younger than Betty. He got up earlier than I did this morning.2) 主語主語 + 動詞動詞 + the 比較級比較級 + of the two. (說明：說明：在在of the two這樣的比較范圍或特指這樣的比較范圍或特指 哪一個時，比較級前要加哪一個時，比較級前要加the) Tom is the taller of the two. 湯姆是兩個中較高的那個。湯姆是兩個中較高的那個。 Lily runs faster of the two. 莉莉是兩個中跑得較快的那個。莉莉是兩個中跑得較快的那個

22、。3) The + 比較級比較級, the + 比較級比較級, , 表示表示“越越， 越越”。 The more you study, the more you know. 你學(xué)的越多，知道的越多。你學(xué)的越多，知道的越多。 The harder the test is, the lower marks we get. 測試題越難，我們的得分越少。測試題越難，我們的得分越少。4) 比較級比較級 + and + 比較級，比較級，表示表示“越來越來 越越”。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 計算機(jī)越來越便宜。計算機(jī)越來越便宜。 He studies hard

23、er and harder. 他學(xué)習(xí)越來越努力。他學(xué)習(xí)越來越努力。1. the + 最高級最高級 + of/ in.常用的最高級表達(dá)：常用的最高級表達(dá)： Jim is the tallest of the three.吉姆是三個人中最高的。吉姆是三個人中最高的。He is the most diligent student in his class.他是班上最勤奮的學(xué)生。他是班上最勤奮的學(xué)生。2. 選擇疑問句選擇疑問句It is the most interesting book I have ever read.這是我所讀過的最有趣的一本書。這是我所讀過的最有趣的一本書。3. the + 最

24、高級最高級 + 定語從句定語從句Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill?湯姆、杰克和比爾，誰個子最高？湯姆、杰克和比爾，誰個子最高？比較級和最高級的比較級和最高級的修飾語修飾語應(yīng)置于其所修飾應(yīng)置于其所修飾的的形容詞或副詞之前形容詞或副詞之前。常見的。常見的比較級修飾比較級修飾語語有有much, still, a lot, even, far等。例如：等。例如：This is by far the most expensive bag in the shop.這是目前這家商店里最貴的包。這是目前這家商店里最貴的包。常見的常見的最高級修飾語最高級修飾語有有alm

25、ost, by far, far, much等。例如：等。例如：He worked much harder than then.那時他工作要努力得多。那時他工作要努力得多。1. Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets. For many people, life is a lot (1) _ (easy) today. Medicine and diet are improving, and people are getting (2) _ (healthy) and living (3) _ (l

26、ong). But communication is changing (4) _ (fast) of all. Today, with the Internet, people canhealthierlongereasierthe fastestcommunicate(5) _(easily) than ever before with friends all over the world. Not all the changes are (6) _(good) ones. More people drive cars instead ofriding bikes, so they are

27、 not as (7) _(fit) as they were. Increasing traffic makesthe roads (8) _ (crowded) more easilygoodfitmore crowdedthan ever, and it also makes pollution (9)_(bad). We must all work harder to reduce pollution. 2. Work in pairs. Look at the two pictures and talk about how the town has changed. Use the

28、words in the box to help you.big, building, busy, house, modern, more, shop, street, tall, traffic, treeworse1. The buildings are much taller, much more beautiful and much newer. The sample answers 2. There are more cars in the street today than it was 50 years ago.3. The streets are much wider and

29、cleaner.4. The environment is much better. 5. People are much busier than before.6. The life is much better than before.7. There are more shops than before.3. Complete the sentences with the words or expressions in the box.heat, more than, seldom, spare, speak up1. We _ have time to go on holiday.2.

30、 We do not have much _time because we have important exams this year.seldom spare 3. Never go out in the _of the day without a hat.4. You have to _ because the students in the back cannot hear you.5. Mr Smith is _ a teacher. Most of his pupils think of him as their friend.heatspeak up more than 4. R

31、ead the email and find three examples that show life was harder in the past than it is today. FROM: Gran TO: ChristineSUBJECT: The lives of children in Victorian BritainDear Christine,You asked me for help about your schoolproject - the lives of children in VictorianBritain. I was also interested. I

32、 searched online and found out the following.In Victorian Britain, thousands of people came to the cities to work in the factories.Instead of the green, open countryside, people lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play. Families in those days were quit

33、e big. Often,there were four or five children in one family, and they all had to sleep in houses of just two rooms. Sometimes, a whole street had to share one outside toilet. Can you imagine that?Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy. The pollution from factories filled the air.People put

34、their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there were many illnesses.And life was harder for children in those times.They didnt always go to school, because theyhad to work instead. Many children started work in factories when they were only four or five years old. They worked twelve hours a

35、 day in dangerous jobs for very little money. Many were hurt in accidents with machines.I hope this is helpful. Write to me if you need more information.With love,Gran5. Read the email again. Find sentences that tell us:1 There was not enough living space for people.2 Most of the big cities were dir

36、ty and unhealthy. 3 Life was harder for children in those times.Write examples.People lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no space for children to play._.1. 3. _.There was not enough living space for people. People lived in very small houses, very close to each other, with no

37、space for children to play. Families in those days were quite big. A whole street had to share one outside toilet.One possible version2. Most of the big cities were dirty and unhealthy.The pollution from factories filled the air. People put their rubbish outside in the streets. As a result, there we

38、re many illnesses. 3. Life was harder for children in those times.They didnt always go to school, because they had to work instead. Many children started work in factories when they were only four or five years old. They worked twelve hours a days in dangerous jobs for very little money. 1. be inter

39、ested in doing sth.有興趣做某事有興趣做某事2. thousands of 成千上萬的成千上萬的3. instead of 代替代替, 而不是而不是4. close to: near 接近，靠近接近，靠近5. share one outside toilet 共用一個室外的廁所共用一個室外的廁所6. as a result 結(jié)果是結(jié)果是7. many diseases 許多疾病許多疾病When you do a listening or reading exercise, you should read the instructions carefully. Then you

40、 can focus your attention just on the information you need. You dont have to understand every word.6. Listen and complete the table.Grandmother MotherAge to start schoolAge to start workAge to get marriedNumber of childrenAge to stop working86142218244 children1 child50557. Write a passage comparing

41、 the lives of the speakers grandmother and mother in Activity 6. The speakers grandmother and mother have lived very different lives. Her grandmother had a much bigger familyWrite a passage comparing their lives. The grandmother had eight brothers and sisters so she had a bigger family. She started

42、school when she was older, but she left school earlier. The grandmother only went to school for 6 years, while the mother went to school for 12 years, and toA Sample university. The grandmother worked hard in a factory from 14 until she was 50, and the mother worked as a teacher from 22 and will fin

43、ish work when she is 55; she also has a long summer holiday. The grandmother got married at 18 and had her first baby a year later; she had four children. On the other hand the mother got married at 24, and only had one child, when she was 25.changeFeatures? Differences?Cars The modern car has chang

44、ed life a great deal. Before the invention of the car, people had to travel by rail, on horseback or by horse-drawn carriage, or on foot. Using horses for travel was slow, and of course walking was even slower. Cars allow people to travel long distances quickly, in comfort and convenience. The car a

45、lso solved an enormous problem caused by using horses for transport in cities: manure! There were so many horses in large cities that it was almost impossible to get rid of the manure. Modern people are used to the idea that cars cause pollution, but the first cars actually made cities cleaner! In t

46、he past ModernWays FeaturesMore informationhorse, horse-drawn carriage, on footslow, too much manurecarsquickcomfortable convenient cleaner than horse carriageImportant Pointshorse-drawn carriage 馬車馬車 The horse-drawn carriage is the main means of transportation in the past. 馬車在過去是主要的交通工具。馬車在過去是主要的交通

47、工具。2. manure vt. 施肥于；耕種施肥于；耕種 n. 肥料；糞肥肥料；糞肥. v.施肥于；耕種施肥于；耕種n. 肥料；糞肥肥料；糞肥.To manure land is to spread manure on it. 給土地施肥是把糞肥灑在土地上。給土地施肥是把糞肥灑在土地上。3. get rid of 除掉，去掉除掉，去掉; 滌蕩滌蕩; 革除革除; 摒除摒除; She had a mad urge to write a check and get rid of him. 她瘋了似的想快速涂寫支票，想趕快擺脫他。她瘋了似的想快速涂寫支票，想趕快擺脫他。 Get rid of the

48、 distractions around you. 除去周圍分散你注意力的事物。除去周圍分散你注意力的事物。4. Be used to do sth. 被用來做某事被用來做某事 Computers are used to do many things for people now. 現(xiàn)在計算機(jī)被用來做許多事情?，F(xiàn)在計算機(jī)被用來做許多事情。 Organising a debate8. Work in groups. Read the motion of the debate. Health is more important than wealth.Now decide who is for t

49、he motion and who is against it. You can use some of the following ideas: Without health, wealth means nothing. You can enjoy life better if you are healthy. It is hard to be healthy without wealth. You can enjoy life better if you are wealthy.For:Against:9. Prepare your arguments. Give examples to

50、support your ideas.Health is more important than wealth. Examples:A healthy scientist can achieve more success in his scientific research. 2. Money cant help cure all diseases, like cancer or AIDS and so on. Those for the motion give their opinions. Those against the motion give their opinions. Take

51、 turns to say what you think about each others arguments.10. Hold the debate.11. Discuss and find out whether most people are for or against the motion.( )1. -What do you think of Toms speaking? -No one does _ in our class. A. good B. better C. well D. bestB( ) 2.What a careful boy you are! Thank yo

52、u. In fact, Tom does everything _ than me. A. more carefully B. more careful C. much carefulAExercises一一. . 單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇。( ) 3. The doctor told me_ too much but I find it difficult. The doctor is right. The less you drink, _ you will be. A. dont drink; the healthier B. not to drink; the healthier C. not

53、 to drink; the more healthier D. dont drink; healthierB 4. Which city is your favorite? Hangzhou, of course. Its the _place that I want to visit. A. worse B. worst C. better D .best D5. Dad, how can I get on well with my classmates? Try to be friendly to them. That will make it much_. A. easily B. more easily C. easy D. easierD6. - Susan, you know what? We