1、Personal Relationships“Life is yours to win:Learn the rules, play the game, and to win the prize.Bob EubanksPersonal Relationships Background Information A Story Talking in Pairs Appreciation and Group DiscussionFriendship We Need Friends Video ClipProverbs and Sayings Background Information All of

2、us are involved in personal relationships. Some of these are related to family, some with fellow students or workers, and others of a variety of types. Most of these are happy, positive relationships, but not all of them. To have a positive relationship a person must invest time and interest in the

3、other persons with whom he is associated. We all understand that our feelings and interest in other persons depend somewhat on what we have in common. Good relationships are usually valued because people who have good relationships are happier and more fun to be with. Listen to a short story and com

4、plete the following sentences:1. The story took place at the time of _ _.2. The relationship between the woman and the little boy is _.3. The woman led the little boy into the store because _.4. The woman bought the boy_ _.5. “Are you God here means _. strangers one cold eveningduring the holiday se

5、ason she knew he needed something in the store kind-hearted some new shoes and warm clothesA Story One cold evening during the holiday season, a little boy about six or seven was standing out in front of a store window. The little child had no shoes and his clothes were old and torn. A young woman p

6、assing by saw the little boy and could read the longing in his pale blue eyes. She took the child by the hand and led him into the store. There she bought him some new shoes and warm clothes. They came back outside into the street and the woman said to the child, “Now you can go home and have a very

7、 happy holiday. The little boy looked up at her and asked, “Are you God, Maam? She smiled down at him and replied, “No, son, Im just one of his children. The little boy then said, “I knew you had to be a relative of God. Talking in Pairs1.What is your viewpoint of the interpersonal relationships now

8、adays?2. If you were the woman, what would you do? Try to explain it.Appreciation and Group DiscussionDiscussion QuestionsVarious kinds of relationships exist in daily life as in the pictures. Discuss in groups the different personal relationships we deal with in real life. 2. In our life, some peop

9、le are open while some others are reserved. Which type do you prefer? Why?Discussion Questions3. What are the relationships of the people in the following pictures? Say anything you know about them. Sample Answer A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. They worked together

10、to further the American Revolution and later to shape the new scheme of government. From that work developed a friendship, which lasted 50 years. Four and a half months before he died, when he was ill and worried about his poor family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madisons r

11、eply remind us that friends are friends until death. Listen to a passage and answer questions:Words you need to know: acquaintance 熟人熟人 intimate 親密的親密的harmonious 和諧的和諧的 tolerate 容忍容忍 Questions :1. According to the passage, what is the word “friend? 2. Why does everyone need friendship? 3. Why do mod

12、ern people attach more importance to friendship?It covers a wide range of meanings as a classmate, a nodding acquaintance, a coworker, etc.We need help from, and also give help to, others. As life is full of difficulties and conflict, we need friends to support and help us and give us warnings again

13、st danger. We Need Friends The word, “friend, covers a wide range of meanings. It can be a nodding acquaintance, a classmate, a partner, a playmate, or an intimate colleague. Everyone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocean of life single-handed. We need help from, and also give help to, others.

14、 In modern times, people attach more importance to relationships and connections. As life is full of difficulties and conflict, we need friends to support and help us. Our friends give us warnings against danger. Our friends offer us advice with regard to how to deal with various situations. True fr

15、iends share not only our joys but also our sorrows. With friendship, life is happy and harmonious. Without friendship, life is sad and unfortunate. With friends, we know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share.I will never forget my old friends and keep making new friends. I will show m

16、y concern for them, even if it is only a comforting word.Brainstorming : Tell the class any words you know to describe the qualities of a true friend. friendsfriendshonestconsideratehelpfulreliablegenerousunderstandingthoughtfulfaithfulVideo ClipWatch the video and discuss the following questions1.

17、Do you like the movie? Why?2. When you and your friend are both in danger, will you lay down your life for him/her?Video ClipClick the pictureProverbs and SayingsA life without a friend is a life without a sun. 人生沒有朋友，猶如生活沒有了太陽。人生沒有朋友，猶如生活沒有了太陽。 In prosperity our friends know us; in adversity we kno

18、w our friends. John Churton Collins在順境中，朋友結(jié)識了我們；在逆境中我們了解在順境中，朋友結(jié)識了我們；在逆境中我們了解了朋友。了朋友。 約翰約翰丘頓丘頓柯林斯柯林斯Youth gives love and roses, age still leaves us friends and wine. Thomas Moore青春賦予我們愛情和玫瑰，歲月帶給我們朋青春賦予我們愛情和玫瑰，歲月帶給我們朋友和美酒。友和美酒。 托馬斯托馬斯摩爾摩爾Will you give your time, favorite books, money or blood to a fr

19、iend? I would be willing to give anything to my best friend. As to my casual friends, I would give my time and blood to them when they are really needed. But I would not give my money or favorite books to them. If they really need money or like my books I would lend some money or books to them. Anyw

20、ay, I would readily give help to my friends when it is needed because “a friend in need is a friend indeed. 2. Who released the bombs which landed in the small orphanage? And who offered medical help to the wounded? It was not exactly stated that which side released the bombs. But based on the fact

21、that the intruder to Vietnam was American troops, we could fairly say they were American Air Force. The medical help was a young American Navy doctor and a Navy nurse. So it was quite ironic that both the destroying part and the protecting part came from America. No. After the moment of the insertio

22、n, he let out a long sob. And after a few moments another sob escaped, but he was always trying to cover up his crying. Finally his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying. Hengs sobbing and silent crying suggested that he was terrified and frightened by death, but at the same time he would

23、 rather lay down his life for his friend. 3. Did Heng cry loudly as soon as the needle was inserted into his arms? context (para.12)whenwherewhowhat in Vietnam Warin a small villageseveral children, including one young girlBombs landed in the orphanage and some children were wounded. 1) Medical help

24、 arrived and they found the young girl needed blood. (Para.3) 2) Only several children had the correct blood type. (Para.4) 3) Because of language barrier, they had difficulties in asking the children for blood. (Para.5) 4) Heng was willing to give blood but he was always sobbing and then crying sil

25、ently during the operation. (Para.6 13) 5) Under the help of the Vietnamese nurse, the Americans knew the reason. Heng thought that he would die, but he still did it because she was his friend. (Para.14 Para.18) In time order, what happened next? (para.318) meaning of the story (para.19)There is no

26、love greater than this, that a person lay down his/her life for a friend.Nobody knows what these bombs were supposed to hit during the terrible Vietnam War, but they landed in a small orphanage run by a missionary group. (Line 1)be supposed to do 應(yīng)該做應(yīng)該做，理，理應(yīng)做應(yīng)做 在可怕的越南戰(zhàn)爭期間，誰也不知道這在可怕的越南戰(zhàn)爭期間，誰也不知道這些炸彈些

27、炸彈要要轟炸什么目標(biāo)，而它們卻落在轟炸什么目標(biāo)，而它們卻落在了一所由傳教士辦的小孤兒院內(nèi)。了一所由傳教士辦的小孤兒院內(nèi)。Every student is supposed to be in the classroom before 8 oclock. 所有學(xué)生8點以前應(yīng)該到教室。情人節(jié)你不應(yīng)該送她康乃馨，你該送她玫瑰。 On Valentines Day, you are not supposed to send her carnations. You are supposed to send roses.2. it was clear that without immediate actio

28、n, she would die from loss of blood and shock. (Line 9) it is clear + +主語從句主語從句 很顯然，很清楚，顯而易見很顯然，很清楚，顯而易見 此句型中此句型中clear 常可被其他形容詞替換?？杀黄渌稳菰~替換如如：it is obvious that, it is true that, it is evident that等等 顯然你沒有得到她的青睞，否那么，她不會拒絕你的邀請。 It is clear that you didnt win her affection, otherwise she wouldnt rejec

29、t your invitation.It is true that without English course, college life may become much easier. But it is obvious that you cant keep pace with the modern society if you dont study English. 沒有英語課，大學(xué)生活確實會輕松很多。但是不學(xué)英語，你顯然不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代社會的需要。2. It was clear that without immediate action, she would die from loss o

30、f blood and shock. (Line 9) 如果不能立即采取行動，如果不能立即采取行動，顯然顯然她將因失血過多和休克而死亡。她將因失血過多和休克而死亡。3. Using what little common language they could find, together with a lot of sign language, they tried to explain to the frightened children that unless they could give some blood to their little friend she would certa

31、inly die. (Line 16)1. Using + 賓語從句在句中作狀語2. together with 相當(dāng)于as well as，與前面短語一起作狀語3. they tried to explain 是句子的主語和謂語局部4. the frightened children 是句子的一個賓語間接賓語5. unless they could give 既是句子的直接賓語又是后面 句子的條件從句3. Using what little common language they could find, together with a lot of sign language, they

32、tried to explain to these frightened children that unless they could give some blood to their little friend she would certainly die. (Line 16)醫(yī)生和護士用少得可憐的一點共同語言，結(jié)醫(yī)生和護士用少得可憐的一點共同語言，結(jié)合大量的手勢語，努力向這些受驚嚇的孩子合大量的手勢語，努力向這些受驚嚇的孩子們解釋說，除非他們能輸一些血給自己的小們解釋說，除非他們能輸一些血給自己的小伙伴，否那么她將必死無疑?；锇?，否那么她將必死無疑。4. Heng was quickl

33、y laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. (Line 27)此句中此句中 his arm cleaned with alcohol 和和 the needle inserted into his arm是是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，有自己的邏輯獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，有自己的邏輯主語主語, 表示一種伴隨的動作或情況。表示一種伴隨的動作或情況。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 主語主語 +副詞副詞介詞短語介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞動

34、詞不定式動詞不定式 +其他其他形容詞短語形容詞短語She lay on her back, _.她臉朝天頭枕著交叉的手躺著。 _, she has to take care of the family.媽媽病了，她得承擔(dān)起照顧全家的責(zé)任。her hands crossed under the headMother being ill_, we had to go to work.鐘已敲過，我們不得不去工作了。The clock having struck伴隨狀語原因狀語時間狀語He has been working very hard,_.他工作一直很努力，第一部小說即將發(fā)表。his firs

35、t novel to be published soon There are four factories in this region, _.這個地區(qū)有四個工廠，每個有200名工人。 each having 200 workers 結(jié)果狀語同位語與句子相比，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)短小精干，常使句與句子相比，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)短小精干，常使句子言簡意賅，也使文章的句式豐富多彩子言簡意賅，也使文章的句式豐富多彩Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol.Heng was quickly laid on a bed, and his a

36、rm was cleaned with alcohol.試比較試比較4. Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. (Line 27)Heng 很快被抱到一張床上，很快被抱到一張床上，手臂用酒精手臂用酒精消了毒消了毒，并且，并且針插進了他的胳膊針插進了他的胳膊。5. The medical team now was very worried because the needle should not have been hurting t

37、heir tiny patient. (Line 42)should + have + 過去分詞過去分詞 這一結(jié)構(gòu)的肯這一結(jié)構(gòu)的肯定形式表示本應(yīng)該做卻沒有做；其否認定形式表示本應(yīng)該做卻沒有做；其否認形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。She shouldnt have left the hospital so soon, for she had not yet recovered.她不該那么早就出院，因為她還沒有康復(fù)。 You should have got Mark A in your final examination but your handwritin

38、g is too bad.你本可以在期末考試中得A,但是你的字寫得太糟。 5. The medical team now was very worried because the needle should not have been hurting their tiny patient. (Line 42)現(xiàn)在醫(yī)療小組非常擔(dān)憂，因為針現(xiàn)在醫(yī)療小組非常擔(dān)憂，因為針不該不該使他們的小病人一直感到疼痛。使他們的小病人一直感到疼痛。 If you break the law, you must be prepared to suffer the consequences. 你如果違犯法律，就必須準(zhǔn)備

39、承擔(dān)后果。 That young man had to suffer the injuries caused by the chemical weapons left by Japanese troops in World War II. 那個年輕人不得不去承受日軍在二戰(zhàn)期間遺留的化學(xué)武器給他造成的傷害。1) vt. 忍受，容忍，承受，耐住1. suffer (Line 5): feel or have pain, loss, etc. Boxing legend Mohammed Ali suffers from the disease of Parkinson for a long tim

40、e. 拳王阿里身患帕金森氏病已經(jīng)有很長一段時間了。It is natural for many freshmen to suffer from homesickness now and then.許多大學(xué)新生偶爾會想念自己的家鄉(xiāng)是很自然的事情。2) vi. 受痛苦，受苦難，患病2. wound (Line 6); injure (Line 9); hurt (Line 36)woundinjure一般是指由槍械或者刀劍等鋒利物體造成的身體上的傷害。a)由于重物如棍棒或者炸彈爆炸所造成的傷害；b)在事故中受到的傷害。hurt除表示受傷外，主要用于表示身體疼痛及情感受傷害。詞義辨析請用請用woun

41、d, hurt 或或 injure 的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空 She was slightly _ when she fell off the ladder. 她從梯子上跌下來時，受了一點輕傷。 The bullet unfortunately _ James Bond in the shoulder.槍彈不幸打傷了詹姆斯 邦德的肩膀。 Hong Kong Phoenix TV news anchor Liu Hai-ruo was seriously _ in a British train accident in 2002. 香港鳳凰衛(wèi)視新聞主播劉海假設(shè)在2002年發(fā)生在英國的一次列車

42、事故中身受重傷。 wounded injuredhurt3. supply (Line11)1) n. supplying, stock 補給,供給,常作supplies 供給品，補給品，(儲藏)物資a good supply of fruit 水果的大量供給水果的大量供給 household (medical) supplies 家庭家庭( (醫(yī)藥醫(yī)藥) )用品用品 2) vt.make available to use 供給，供給，提供所需物品；把供給給with；為提供 The UN is urgently _ for the survivors in Bam, the quake-str

43、icken ancient city in Iran.聯(lián)合國緊急向受地震侵襲的伊朗巴姆古城的幸存者提供糧食和帳篷。supplying food and campsrequest 請求,語氣較強require 委婉、客氣，通常不用于口語 May I request you to leave? We request the favor of a reply at your earliest convenience.請你離開一下好嗎？請方便時盡早給予答復(fù)。4. request (Line21): vt. ask or being asked 請求，要求，懇求請求，要求，懇求 request requ

44、ire詞義辨析require vt. 類似 order, demand 用法，向?qū)Ψ教岢龅囊笥?一定權(quán)威性，強制對方服從其要求，但語氣弱 些，常用于被動語態(tài)。 The border police required the traveler to unlock his luggage. 邊境警察要求游客翻開自己的行李。要想成為一名優(yōu)秀的足球裁判同樣需要下苦工夫。 To become an excellent soccer referee requires painstaking effort as well.請用請用 request 或或 require 的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空The U

45、S Navy _ us to provide emergent assistance.You are _ to attend tomorrows news conference.The presence of all members of the band was _.The new regulation _ strict observance in every detail.requestedrequiredrequestedrequires 5. insert (Line29)An surgeon inserted a special medical device into his mou

46、th to pick up DNA sample.醫(yī)生把一個特殊的醫(yī)學(xué)裝置插入他的口中來提取DNA樣本。1) vt. put something in something else 插入，嵌入Medical examiners found a knife-like insert inside the victims stomach.法醫(yī)在受害者的體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一把刀狀的插入物。2) n. something inserted 插入物，鑲補物6. stiff (Line32): adj.1) quite hard and not easy to bend 硬的，僵直的I cant play the

47、piano like I used to. My fingers have gone stiff from lack of practice. 我不能像過去那樣彈鋼琴了，我的手指因缺乏練習(xí)變得僵硬了。2) formal, unfriendly 生硬的，呆板的，不友好的Facing journalists questions, the Prime Minister always kept a stiff face. 面對記者的提問，那位總理總是板著面孔。7. occasional (Line 40): adj. happening sometimes 偶然的，偶爾的，非經(jīng)常的 天氣還算不錯，只是

48、偶爾有陣雨。 The weather was good except for an occasional shower. occasional visits / rain / sneeze / trips 偶爾來訪/有雨/打噴嚏/旅行8. steady (Line40): adj.1) developing or growing gradually 不斷的，持續(xù)的Yao Mings steady progress in skills results from his wonderful performance in the NBA matches.姚明的不斷進步的球技來自于他在NBA比賽中的出

49、色表現(xiàn)。2) firm, stable 穩(wěn)的，平穩(wěn)的Jackie Chans amazing Chinese kung fu lays a steady foundation for his success in Hollywood.成龍的令人驚嘆的中國功夫為他在好萊塢的成功打下了牢固的根底。9. relief (Line50): n.1) the lessening or removing of pain, anxiety, etc. 痛苦等緩解，減輕，解除Fans support brought R. Baggio some relief from the missing of the p

50、enalty in the final of 1994s World Cup.球迷們的支持使羅伯特巴喬多少緩解了1994年世界杯決賽射失點球的痛苦。2) the feeling that you have when something unpleasant stops or becomes less strong痛苦、憂郁等消除后感到的輕松，寬心，寬慰It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen. 發(fā)現(xiàn)沒丟任何東西，感到很寬慰。同根詞：relieve: v. ease, lessen 使減輕，使解除痛苦、憂愁等；使寬慰She sai

51、d that listening to light music could relieve her pressure in study.她說聽輕音樂可以減輕學(xué)習(xí)中的壓力。10. lay down (Line57): lose or stop having something willingly in order to help others 犧牲，獻身Countless space experts are laying down their wits and energy to accelerate the realization of the launch of Shenzhou VI sp

52、aceship. 無數(shù)航天科技人員都在為加速實現(xiàn)“神舟六號的發(fā)射奉獻著自己的智慧和精力。Yitzhak Rabin, called man of Israel, even laid down his life for the eternal peace of the Middle East.被稱為以色列偉人的拉賓為中東地區(qū)的永久和平甚至獻出了自己的生命。10. lay down (Line57): lose or stop having something willingly in order to help others 犧牲，獻身1. 這個女孩腿上有傷。 The girl suffered

53、 wounds to her legs.2. 幾小時后，醫(yī)療救助人員趕到了。A couple of hours later, medical help arrived.3. 立即的行動immediate action4. 相配的/適合的血型 the matching/correct blood type 5. His life was / hung in the balance. 他命懸一線。 6. after several long moments of silence 幾次長時間沉默后 7. Heng lay stiff and silent. Heng直挺挺地躺著，也不說話。 8. A

54、 look of great relief spread over his face. 他的臉上露出了輕松的表情。 Words you need to know:innocent 純真的純真的 impact 影響影響 Downing 道寧地名道寧地名Remembering the CarpentersThese were two innocent kids from Downing that loved to make music and they did it with tender love and care. They admired each other greatly. They h

55、ad an enormous impact. They made a lot of people happy and still continue to. 紀(jì)念卡朋特兄妹紀(jì)念卡朋特兄妹這是兩個來自道寧的純真孩子。他們熱愛音樂，這是兩個來自道寧的純真孩子。他們熱愛音樂，懷著愛心和關(guān)懷來創(chuàng)作音樂。他們彼此欽慕，影懷著愛心和關(guān)懷來創(chuàng)作音樂。他們彼此欽慕，影響深遠。他們曾使并不斷使許多人感到快樂。響深遠。他們曾使并不斷使許多人感到快樂。Yet they could only get the blood if one of the frightened children would agree to g

56、ive it. (Line 22)此句可以從反面著筆進行翻譯，即正說反譯或反說此句可以從反面著筆進行翻譯，即正說反譯或反說正譯。不用這種反面著筆譯法的譯文并非不通，而正譯。不用這種反面著筆譯法的譯文并非不通，而是譯者為了到達行文優(yōu)美、表達生動的目的。此為是譯者為了到達行文優(yōu)美、表達生動的目的。此為英漢翻譯中非常有用的一個技巧。英漢翻譯中非常有用的一個技巧。然而，如果這些受驚嚇的孩子中無人然而，如果這些受驚嚇的孩子中無人自愿獻血，他們就無法得到血。自愿獻血，他們就無法得到血。 You couldnt kill any more. 你已經(jīng)惡貫滿盈了。你已經(jīng)惡貫滿盈了。I prefer the re

57、d one to the black one.我要紅的，不要黑的。我要紅的，不要黑的。This book could not have been written or published without the help of dozens of people, and I am deeply grateful to all of them.這本書的寫作和出版曾得到許多位友人的各種幫助這本書的寫作和出版曾得到許多位友人的各種幫助, ,謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)此一并深表謝意。此一并深表謝意。 After a moment, the little boy stopped crying, opened his eyes

58、, and looked questioningly at the Vietnamese nurse. (Line 48)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換在英漢翻譯中是常用的手段。在英語里可以用一詞性轉(zhuǎn)換在英漢翻譯中是常用的手段。在英語里可以用一個名詞表達的感受，漢語也許可用一個動詞；一個漢語里個名詞表達的感受，漢語也許可用一個動詞；一個漢語里的副詞在英語表達時可能轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞，這類例子比比皆的副詞在英語表達時可能轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞，這類例子比比皆是。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換幾乎可以在所有詞性間進行。是。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換幾乎可以在所有詞性間進行。 過了一會，小男孩不哭了，睜開眼睛，過了一會，小男孩不哭了，睜開眼睛，用詢問的目光看著越南護士。用詢問

59、的目光看著越南護士。 The medical help was a young American Navy doctor and an equally young Navy nurse.救援小組由一名年輕的美國海軍醫(yī)生和一名同樣年輕的海軍救援小組由一名年輕的美國海軍醫(yī)生和一名同樣年輕的海軍護士組成。護士組成。 Their request was met with wide-eyed silence. 對醫(yī)生和護士的請求，孩子瞪大眼睛，一聲不吭。對醫(yī)生和護士的請求，孩子瞪大眼睛，一聲不吭。 A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an Ame

60、rican, got into the car. 一個穿著講究的人上了車。他的外表和談吐都一個穿著講究的人上了車。他的外表和談吐都像個美國人。像個美國人。 The Vietnamese nurse repeated the question to the little boy, who answered simply, “ Shes my friend. (Line 55) 定語從句翻譯時的變通主要在于調(diào)整從句的類別。在翻譯定語從句翻譯時的變通主要在于調(diào)整從句的類別。在翻譯過程中，可以靈活變通，把定語從句譯成各種類型的狀語，過程中，可以靈活變通，把定語從句譯成各種類型的狀語，包括原因、目的、結(jié)