1、ive Types of Simple Sentences英語簡單句的五種基本類型組成句子的各個組成部分叫句子成分：1. 主語:是一個句子的主干部分之一,主語表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名詞,代詞,動詞不定式,動名詞來充當.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主謂賓定狀補表2.謂語:說明主語做什么或怎么樣。通常由動詞充當.1.they work very har

2、d.2.Tom feels much better now. (系動詞:表示狀態(tài),后面往往接形容詞或名詞。常見的系動詞：is ,am, are , become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)注意：情態(tài)動詞和助動詞不能單獨充當謂語,必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.動詞常分為實義動詞,連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞.3. 表語：跟在連系動詞后面的詞語或從句,用來說明主語的身份,特征,狀態(tài). My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beauti

3、ful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 3.賓語：動作行為的對象，說明主語做什么。一般放在及物動詞或介詞后面.由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式,動名詞和賓語從句構(gòu)成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.注意：雙賓語：指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓

4、語。 He gave me two books.4.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞的詞.形容詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞,不定式,介詞短語,不定代詞,從句等. 1、This is a red car. 2、The building is their teaching building. 3、The woman doctor is my wife. 4、I have something to tell you. 5、The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6、Every student has an English book. 7、I know the boy w

5、ho is playing basketball on the playground.5.狀語:說明動作或狀態(tài)特征修飾用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或整個句子.副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的從句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 賓補：補充說明賓語。(賓語和賓補之間有邏輯

6、上的主謂關(guān)系）賓語+ 賓補叫復合賓語，復合賓語有以下幾種類型： 1 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式 2 名詞（代詞）+ 分 詞 3 名詞（代詞）+ 名 詞 4 名詞 （代詞）+ 形容詞 1 、名詞（代詞）+ 不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. (此處省略to)I saw her come out of the room. (此處省略to) 名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 （現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violent

7、ly.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名詞（代詞）+ 名詞（作賓補的表示獨一無二的職位前不加the.)They made him captain of the ship .英語中的句子可以按其作用或者按其語法結(jié)構(gòu)兩種標準分類。 按其作用或使用目的，句子可分為： 陳述句：This is a truck. 這是一輛卡車。 疑問句：Is this a truck? 這是卡車嗎? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡

8、車開走。 感嘆句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡車! 按語法結(jié)構(gòu)，句子可分為： 簡單句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing football with them. 我在忙著洗衣服，但他卻在跟他們踢足球。 復合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing football with them. 盡管我在忙著洗衣服，他卻在與他們一塊踢足球。 按結(jié)構(gòu)英語句子主要可以分成三種： 簡單句， 并列句，復合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name

9、is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John. 3) He is Smith who likes going hiking. - 4) He is Smith and he likes going hiking. 5) Hurry up, or youll be late. 6) I saw him when I walked past the street. 7) He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.簡單句并列

10、句復合句并列句并列句 復合句 復合句十大詞類(Parts of Speech) 英語中的詞可以根據(jù)詞義，句法作用和形式特征分為十大詞類：名詞、代詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、冠詞、連詞、數(shù)詞、感嘆詞。需要弄清楚的幾個概念：1、及物動詞(vt.)：后面帶有賓語，意思才能完整。 eg. They want some books. He is reading a book.2、不及物動詞(vi.)：本身意義完整，不需跟賓語。 eg. Birds fly. He works in the factory. 3、系動詞：系動詞本身雖有一定的詞義，但不完整，不 能單獨作謂語，必須和作表語的詞語(如形容詞,

11、名詞 等)連用,構(gòu)成謂語。如：be (是), look(看起來像), become (成為,變得)等。 eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science. 句子成分(Elements of the Sentence) 組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分，主要有：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、插入語、同位語等，其中主語和謂語是句子的主要成分。Five Types of Simple Sentences 簡單句的五種句型簡單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1. The sun rises. 2. I dont like basketba

12、ll.3. Danny is tired.4. I read her a story.5. I helped her brush her teeth.主語 + 不及物動詞主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語主語 + 系動詞 + 表語主語 + 動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語主語 + 動詞 + 賓語 + 賓補_Five Types of Simple Sentences:1. 主語 + 不及物動詞2. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語3. 主語 + 系動詞 + 表語4. 主語 + 動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語5. 主語 + 動詞 + 賓語 + 賓補Subject + Intransitive VerbS

13、ubject + Transitive Verb + ObjectSubject + Link Verb + Predictive Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct ObjectSubject + Verb + Object + Complement 一、主語+不及物動詞 （S+V） 這種句型中沒有直接賓語,但常帶有狀語。例如： The water is boiling . S V They have been waiting there for hours . S V The train will leave soon . S V The f

14、lags are waving in the wind S V二、主語+及物動詞+賓語 （S+V+O） He has a sister. S V O They wanted to have a rest . S V O She carried out her plan . S V O He likes watching TV. S V O三、主語+系動詞+表語 （S+V+P）英文中的系動詞主要是指be動詞的各種變化形式，也包括那些有時起系動詞作用的實義動詞。這類動詞常見的有：become（變成） look（看上去） seem(看起來） get（變得) feel（摸起來） grow（變得） tu

15、rn（變成） keep（保持） stand（保持） stay（保持） smell（聞起來） sound（聽起來） taste（嘗起來） He is a good student. S V PShe is in the classroom. S V P It is getting warmer and warmer. S V P The trees turn green. S V P四、主語+動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 （S+V+IO+DO）這類句型常有“給某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留給某人某物”等意思。常見的這類謂語動詞后接to的有： give(給某人) bring(帶給某人) tell(告

16、訴某人.) send(送給某人), leave(留給某人) pass(遞給某人) read(給某人讀) write(給某人寫), take(給某人拿) show(給某人看) teach(教某人) get(給某人弄到) lend(借給某人) hand(遞給某人) She brought me a shirt . S V IO DOPass him the dictionary,please. V IO DO I lend him my bicycle. S V IO DO= I lend my bicycle to him.后接for的有:make, buy, get, sing, cook等等

17、。Her mother bought her a skirt. S V IO DO = Her mother bought a skirt for her.五、主語+動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 （S+V+O+C）常帶復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的及物動詞有：feel(感覺到) find(發(fā)現(xiàn)) get(使得) have(使，讓) hear(聽到) keep(保持) make(使) notice(注意到) see(看見) let(使) watch(注視，看) call(稱) ask(請求,要求) tell(告訴) want(想要) wish(希望) listen to(聽) look at(看，瞧) 27 說明:

18、此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語

19、+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.常用it做形式賓語的動詞有：think, consider, feel, find, believeeg: I found it impossible to finish so much work in a day.We call him Xiao Liu. S V O CThe news made me happy. S V O CHe keeps his hand behind his back. S V O CThe story made us laugh.

20、S V O C He heard somebody opening the door. S V O C劃分句子成分:My sister is a nurse.They are drinking.They are drinking tea.The old man walks in the park.She passed him the salt.We keep the table clean._ S _V_ P_ S_ V_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_ S_ V_ IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C7. They work hard.8. The flower is dead.9. Plants need water.10. He gives me some seeds.11. We should keep the plants in the shade.12. Many animals live in trees._ S_ V_ S_V_ P_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C_ S_ V1. The spring is coming.2. In spring, the weather becomes warmer.3. I have fini