1、Cross-cultural Communication跨文化交際第1頁，共23頁。Unit One: Language and Culture in Communication第2頁，共23頁。Case studies5Cross-cultural Communication2Communication 3Activities4Culture1ContentsHomework6第3頁，共23頁。2.Toananthropologistthewordculturemeansallthewaysinwhichagroupofpeopleact,dress,think,andfeel.1. Wha

2、t is culture?1.Peoplewhoknowaboutart,music andliteraturearecultured.3.Peoplehavetolearntheculturalwaysoftheir community:theyarenotsomethingthatthepeopleinthegrouparebornwith.第4頁，共23頁。Different countries havedifferent cultures. Communicating with people from different culture is called cross-cultural

3、 / intercultural communication.2. Cross-cultural Communication第5頁，共23頁。交際傳理交通通信傳播溝通交流CommunicationCommunication means life and development.3.Communication第6頁，共23頁。3.1. The Basics of CommunicationCommunication occurs if: 1. two or more people; 2. contact; 3. a shared language; 4. an exchange of infor

4、mation. 第7頁，共23頁。 Human languageverbalnonverbalChinesenon-word soundsbody languagee.g.: sounds uttered to control animalse.g.: gestures, headmovementsArtificial languageSpecial purposesymbolicmachinee.g.: Braillee.g.: logice.g.: computer3.1.3 Analysis of language第8頁，共23頁。3.2.Types of Communicationhu

5、man communication (人類交際）animal communication (動物交際）human-animal communication （人類與動物的交際）human-machine communication（人機(jī)交際）machine-to-machine communication（機(jī)器交際）第9頁，共23頁。Two-way contact: Communicators can see each other and monitor each others behaviour direct communicationOne-way contact: communicato

6、rs cannot see each other, and hence cannot monitor each others behaviour indirect communication3.3. Ways of Communication第10頁，共23頁。4. ActivitiesActivity 1: Instances of CommunicationBest example2.You complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone.5. Two blind people exchange

7、 ideas in Braille.6. A German businessman negotiates, through an interpreter, with his Chinese counterpart.Yes, but not good 1.An orator delivers a speech to a large gathering.3. You send an e-mail message to an American friend.4.Jane lies in bed reading a novel.7. A mother talks to her 3-month-old

8、baby. None communication 8. A farmer gives instructions to his ploughing cow.9. A programmer issues commands to a computer.10. Tom talks to himself while flourishing his toy gun.第11頁，共23頁。Activity 2: Models of Communication Source of informationencodercoder*channel*medium*noisedecoderretrieval of in

9、formationelectric signalstelephone lineInformation Model第12頁，共23頁。Model One: mono-cultural model(same language and cultural environment)shared knowledge:language &cultureLinguistic competenceCommunicative skillsLinguistic competenceCommunicative skillsspeakinginterpretingmessagespeakeraddresseeMr. G

10、ordon talks with his neighbor Mrs. Lewis about his latest trip to Spain.Mr. Gordon says: “The sea beaches are absolutely gorgeous!” 第13頁，共23頁。 Model Two: unilateral-cultural model(one knows anothers language and cultural environment but the other one doesnt)Lu Bing ,a Chinese tour guide is talking i

11、n English with George Luke, a British tourist who does not know Chinese at all.1.Lu Bing has learned George Lukes _ and _.2. This shared _ makes their communication _.3.Lu Bing activates his English _ and exercises his English _ to generate a message: “This is sweet and sour pork. Try try.”4. George

12、 Luke _his English competence and _his English communicative skills to interpret Lu Bings speech.第14頁，共23頁。Model Three: bilateral-cultural model(people from different cultural background but know each others language and cultural environment)Prof. Xia: Would you like to have a cup of coffee?Prof.Gra

13、ham: Should I reply in English way or Chinese way?Prof. Xia: In English way.Prof.Graham: Then,yes.Prof. Xia: Tea in English way as well?Prof.Graham: No,in Chinese way this time.Prof. Xia: Jolly good.Youve saved me. Just out of milk.Prof.Graham: (starts laughing)第15頁，共23頁。Activity 3: Meanings in comm

14、unicationUtterance meaning: what it normally means.Speakers meaning: the meaning the speaker wants to convey.Hearers meaning: the meaning the hearer has understood.第16頁，共23頁。Activity 4: Communication in Social SituationsA social situation is created when two or more people gather to do an activity o

15、r fulfill a purpose. Its essential components:two or more participantsdefinition of the situation and goalssettingschemaverbal communicationnon-verbal communicationtime and space第17頁，共23頁。Activity 5 Effective Cross-cultural CommunicationHow to be a cross-cultural speaker?1.Calm down and relax.2.Watc

16、h out for bilingual differences in using polite expressions.3.Use meaningless but useful syllables to gain .time.How to be a cross-cultural hearer?A good listener is a careful but not intense listener , who gets the message, not every single word.第18頁，共23頁。5.Case studiesCase 1Xiu went to a BC buffet

17、 reception in the BC headquarters in Beijing. It just sohappened that Xiu arrived a little too early. The waiting lounge was almostempty except a charming lady sitting at a corner seat. After a long interval ofunbearable silence Xiu decided to break the silence by approaching the lady.Xiu: Im Xiu fr

18、om BFSU. Are you a guest too?Lady: (stands up) Yes. Im Lin.Answer the following Questions:Why did the silence become unbearable to Xiu? Do you think the charming lady felt the same way?What functions does the verbal communication fulfil under such circumstances?Do Xiu and Lin behave in the Chinese w

19、ay or in the Western Way?Mutual Monitoring Process第19頁，共23頁。Case 2I felt exhausted after much sightseeing. I looked for a seat to rest my legs. ItSo happened that on the nearby roadside there was a two-person stone chairWith one place already occupied by a charming young girl. I hesitated , but Stil

20、l went over. “Is it occupied”？I asked. “No” was the answer. The momentI sat down, the woman stood up and left. I was a bit hurt by her instant departure.A social situation may receive two definitions: one is given by the community, and the other by the participants.the community definition=official situation, such as a social situation of meeting, a social situation of classroom teaching, etc.Different De