1、初中英語語法之 代詞篇代詞的分類 人稱代詞 物主代詞 反身代詞 不定代詞 指示代詞 疑問代詞 第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽性陰性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我們)you(你們)they (他們,她們,它們)賓格me(我)You (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我們)you(你們)them (他們,她們,它們)人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。 1.人稱代詞作主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格 They all like him very much. 他們都很喜歡他。 She

2、 gave the books to you and me. 這些書是她送給你和我的。 2. 人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為 “第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱” You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜歡音樂。She 的用法：she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger. 我們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她更強(qiáng)大。 The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。這是

3、她第一次去波士頓。It的用法：1:it作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等 What the weather like today? Its windy. 今天的天氣怎么樣？- 有風(fēng)。 Its about five minutes walk from home to school. 從家到學(xué)校的路程大約5分鐘。2. it 可指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人. who is the person over there? It is the headteacher. 3.it可作為形式主語，將不定式、動名詞等構(gòu)成的主語后移，使句子顯得平穩(wěn) Its hard to reach the a

4、pples. 很難夠到蘋果。 Its good for you taking a walk after supper. 對你來說飯后散步是有好處的。1. - Who is knocking at the door? - I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was. A. he B. she C. it 2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _. A. one B. it C. that3. I cant find my hat . I think I must

5、buy_. A. it B. one C. that 固定句型1. 做某事情對某人來說是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. It is hard for me to do this work.2. 輪到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to clean the room.3. 是（某人）做某事的時候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.Its time for you to do the homework.4. 據(jù)說 Its said that Its said that your

6、 teacher leave our school.5. 某人花費做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth.6. 自從以來，已經(jīng)有（時間）了。 It is / has been + 時段 + since + 從句(過去時)7. 某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感覺到做某事是的 find sb. think feel+ it + adj. to do I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father a whole month to go on

7、 business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going 二.物主代詞人稱分類 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性 名詞性 my ouryour your his her its their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系： 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞 注意：名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系是單數(shù)還

8、是復(fù)數(shù)。These books arent ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours)This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room = ours) 2.“of +名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬 A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一個妹妹是個護(hù)士。 Tom is a friend of mine 我的一個朋友1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C.

9、him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him4. _ school is much bigger than _. A. Our , their B. Ours , theirs C. Our , theirs5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. its 人稱分類第一人稱第二人稱 第三人稱單 數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)myself

10、ourselves yourself yourselveshimselfthemselvesherself itself 反身代詞1. 反身代詞常見固定搭配 過得愉快自學(xué) 請隨便吃 自言自語 獨自 為自己 不要客氣 陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服 照顧自己 enjoy oneself teach / learn oneself sth. help oneself to sth. say to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself注意： on

11、eself 有單復(fù)數(shù)之分 * I enjoy myself. * Children, help yourselves to some fish.The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. you

12、rself B. yourselves C. your不定代詞 不是指明代替特定名詞（或形容詞）的代詞 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no 由some, any, no, every 等構(gòu)成的合成代詞幾組在用法上容易混淆的不定代詞 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑問句和否定句

13、Do you have any picture-books? 注意：some有時也可用于表示請求、征求意見的疑問句中 Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉嗎？ May I ask some questions? 我可以問問題嗎？ Could I have some apples? 我可以吃蘋果嗎？ Will you give me some water? 你能給我些水嗎？2. many/much many 修飾或指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞 There are many eggs in the basket. Many of us like playing games. much 修

14、飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞 He doesnt know much English. 3.another/other another 泛指三個或三個以上中的另一個 I dont want this coat. Please show me another. other 后面接名詞，泛指別的、其他的 Do you have any other questions?4. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指兩個中的另一個 He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修飾名詞，特指另

15、一個、另一些 Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too. others泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others. Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.the others 特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物 There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.5.few/a few/li

16、ttle/a little few/a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞 little/a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 few, little 表示否定意義, 譯為“沒有幾個”，“沒有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意義, 譯為“有幾個”，“有一點” Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few3. You ar

17、e so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few 6.every/each every單數(shù)名詞,表示“每一個”,強(qiáng)調(diào)共性、整體,只作定語,形式上為單數(shù).不與of 連用 Every child likes playing games. each 表示“每一個”,強(qiáng)調(diào)個性,作定語主語、賓語和同位語,常與of 連用 Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.each everyeach (常與of連用)eve

18、ry兩者或以上的每一個人或物三者或以上每一個人或物 every other 每隔Eg: every other day 每隔一天 = every two days I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天來這里。 He came here _ day.every other

19、 7.all/none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位語時,一般放在連系動詞、助動詞之后,行為動詞之前 We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “沒有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of（謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可） None of us is/are afraid of dogs.none no onenoneno one沒有什么人 / 物“沒有人” 只能指人回答 how many 問句回答who問句none of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / them 謂語用單數(shù) How many people are there i

20、n the room? _. A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. one None of them _ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come from 8.both/either/neither both “（兩者）都”,作主語時看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語時后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù) My parents are both teachers. =Both of my parents are teachers. neither “(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語時謂語

21、用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù) Neither answer is right. either “兩者中任何一個”,作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù) There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both sides of the street. 有關(guān)詞組及應(yīng)用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well. 他們倆都游得很好。 Either of you goes to Beijing. 你們倆隨便誰去北京都可以。 Nei

22、ther of them stopped to have a rest. 他們倆誰都不停下來休息。either of 兩者之一+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 / them / us謂單neither of 兩者都不謂單both of 兩者都謂復(fù) _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this

23、hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; areeither neither both bothand（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） eitheror/neithernor(謂語動詞遵循就近原則) Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年級。 Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我媽媽在家燒飯。 Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他

24、今天都沒空。either neither both Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard. A. studies B. study C. studyingeither or 或者或者就近原則neither nor 兩者都不both and 兩者都復(fù)數(shù)謂語 The students are all from Foshan . They _

25、 like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily _ agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are _ fine. A. both B. all C. no 9.Something/anything/nothing Somebody/anybody/nobody當(dāng)形容詞修飾這些不定代詞時，常后置 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything else in th

26、e box? Nobody can answer the question.1. Do you have _ to do this evening? A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _ is watching TV . Lets turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody3. Would you like _? I can get it for you . A. something else B. anything else C. e

27、verything elseone it The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away. A. it B. one C. / I have lost my pen. I have to buy _. A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag is! I want to buy _. A. it B. one C. /one 同類不同件it 同類同件指示代詞 表示空間和時間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞 包括:this/that (單數(shù)) these/those (復(fù)數(shù)) 1. this,these指在方位上較近的人或物 tha

28、t,those指在方位上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物 This is my shirt, thats yours. These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan. 2.that,those常指前面提過的東西,以免重復(fù) *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 3.剛才提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.四.指示代詞 The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of J

29、inan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that疑問代詞 用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞 常見有：who whom whose what which 通常做主語賓語定語表語 What makes you think like that ? 做主語 Who (Whom) w

30、ere you talking with? 做賓語 Which bus do I need? 做定語 Whats your father? 做表語注意：在口語中，Who和Whom通用， 但在介詞后只能用Whom With whom did he play games? With who did he play games?(錯)(2008年廣東省汕頭市)一Is that _dog? No ._is whiteAhis；His Bher；Itis Che；His Dher；Her中考考什么?D(重慶市2008年) We like Mr. Green because he often tells

31、_ funny stories in class.A. we B. us C. our D. oursB(重慶市2008年) When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? _ is OK. Im free these days.A. Both B. All C. Either D. NeitherC(2008年天津市) Is_here?No, John and Bob have asked for leave.A. nobodyB. anybodyC. somebodyD. everybodyDTry i

32、t out( )1 Is this your football, boys? No, it is not _ A. yours B. our C. mine D. ours( )2 The bird builds _ nest in the tree. A. her B. its C. its D. hers( )3 The maths problem _ is wrong. A. himself B. he C. itself D. herselfDBC( )4 _ want to see the film. A Every student B Each student C All of s

33、tudents D All the students( )5 A lot of people have tried, but _ have succeeded. A. the few B. a few C. few D. little( ) 6 _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital. A. Both B. Neither C. Any D. EitherDCC( )7 I have five pencils, one is red, _ is blue and _ are green. A. another, the other B

34、. the other, others C. others, the others D. another, the others( ) 8 I have found _ on the Internet. A. a few informations B. a little informations C. a few information D. a little informationDD( ) 9 I have Chemistry classes _ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday. A. each other B. every other C. this and other D. all other( )10 - _ is the man under the tree? - Jims father. A. When B. What C. Where D. WhoBD課堂達(dá)標(biāo) 11. This stick is _. A. him B. he C. his12.