1、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法歷來(lái)是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)和高考測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)。眾所周知，兩種分詞的用法和區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是： 過(guò)去分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動(dòng)； 現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動(dòng)。 這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式 doing being done 完成式having donehaving been done 過(guò)去分詞done比較下面的句子: 1. The sleeping boy is Tom. The broken cup is Toms.一. 分詞作定語(yǔ):進(jìn)行,

2、主動(dòng):被動(dòng),完成 The boy is sleeping.The cup is broken.現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞2. Last night he told us an interesting story. The boy interested in stories is Tom .The story is interesting .Tom is interested in stories. an exciting story an excited expressiona disappointing resulta disappointed looka frightening doga frigh

3、tened dog 一個(gè)令人興奮的故事 一副興奮的表情 一副失望的表情 一個(gè)令人失望的結(jié)果 一只令人害怕的 狗 一只受了驚嚇的狗 現(xiàn)在分詞 表:特點(diǎn),過(guò)去分詞 表:感受. 3. the risen sun the sun which has risen the rising sun the sun which is rising the fallen leaves the leaves which have fallen on the ground the falling leaves the leaves which are falling the boiling water the wat

4、er which is boiling the boiled water the water which has boiled現(xiàn)在分詞 表進(jìn)行; 過(guò)去分詞 表完成.4.The lab being built now will be a science lab. =The lab which is being built will be a science lab. The lab built last year is a science lab. =The lab which was built last year is a science lab. finished yesterday現(xiàn)在分

5、詞被動(dòng)式:表進(jìn)行,被動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞:表被動(dòng),完成.5. The lab having been finished yesterday is a science lab.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)不能作定語(yǔ).如果要表被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式. 與中心詞的位置關(guān)系與中心詞的邏輯關(guān)系時(shí)間概念現(xiàn)在分詞或前或后多有主謂關(guān)系/性質(zhì)、特征表示進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞或前或后vi.主謂/vt.有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系/狀態(tài)多表完成/狀態(tài)總結(jié):現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式不能作定語(yǔ).現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式 表進(jìn)行與被動(dòng)比較下面的句子:1. The film is interesting. We are interested in

6、 the film.2. The problem is puzzling. The problem is so difficult .We are puzzled. 注:1. 當(dāng)指人,物的特征,屬性時(shí),用現(xiàn)在分詞. 2.當(dāng)指人,物受到外界的影響而引起的心理活動(dòng).常用過(guò)去分詞. 類似的詞有: 現(xiàn)在分詞: exciting , moving , puzzling ,frightening , horrifying ,freezing ,worrying 過(guò)去分詞: excited , moved , puzzled , frightened , frozen, worried 二. 分詞作表語(yǔ)對(duì)句

7、子主語(yǔ)表述的特點(diǎn)時(shí)間概念詞性現(xiàn) 分表示其性質(zhì)、特征表當(dāng)時(shí)形容詞過(guò) 分表示其所處的狀態(tài)表當(dāng)時(shí)形容詞1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please3. -How did the audience receive the new

8、play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting A C B4.What surprised me most was that there appeared a _ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A. worrying B. worried C. worry D. worries5.The _ look in her face suggested that she _ it before.A. surprising; wouldnt

9、 knowB. surprised; hadnt knownC. surprising; hadnt knownD. surprised; shouldnt knowB B比較下面的句子:The police caught him _(steal) from the shop.2. We found the chair_ (break). He left the food untouched .三.分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主動(dòng),進(jìn)行被動(dòng),完成注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的選擇:看與賓語(yǔ)之間的主，被動(dòng)關(guān)系和動(dòng)作完成情況主動(dòng),結(jié)果注: I found him cry in the classroom.主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行

10、：被動(dòng)，完成：主動(dòng)，完成：被動(dòng)，進(jìn)行： ？用 being done(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式)用 ving 形式用 ved 形式用 省略to 的動(dòng)詞不定式1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 簡(jiǎn)析: 首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ) the man; 再根據(jù)賓語(yǔ) the man 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 lie 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 而且, lie 這個(gè)動(dòng)作是found當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2. -Good morning. Can I help you?

11、 -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 簡(jiǎn)析: 首先, 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知, 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作賓補(bǔ), 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ) the package; 再根據(jù) the package 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 weigh 來(lái)說(shuō), 只能是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。AD3.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. mov

12、es D. to move 簡(jiǎn)析: 該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試使役動(dòng)詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語(yǔ)正發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。 4. When I put my hand on his chest ,I could feel his heart still_. A. having beat B. beating C. beaten D. to beat 5. The boy was scolded because he was caught _ apples from the neighbours tree. A. picked B. having picked C. pick D. picking 6. The _b

13、oy was last seen _ near the East Lake. missing; playing B. missing ;play C. missed ; played D. missed ; to play7.During the holidays , the drivers were seen _ their buses _ all day long. A. have; running B. to have ; running C. to have ;to run D. have; run B D A B 8.-why did you go back to the shop?

14、 -I left my friend _ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits 9. Prices of daily goods_ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A.are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 10. He looked around and caught a man _his hand into pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to pu

15、t D. putting A B D 1. The players watched their national flag _ A. raising B. being raised C. raised D. being risen 2. He noticed himself_. A. being followed B. followed C. to follow B. to be followed 3.He must be angry , for we heard the glass _on the floor. A. being broken B. break C. broken D. to

16、 be broken 注: 要注意當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是既表動(dòng)賓 (被動(dòng)),又表進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法.B AA警察當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住他從商場(chǎng)偷東西. The police caught him_ from the shop.他被當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住從商場(chǎng)偷東西. He was caught _ from the shop.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她在教室里哭了. I found her _ in the classroom.她被發(fā)現(xiàn)在教室里哭了. She was found _ in the classroom.stealingstealingcryto cry主動(dòng);進(jìn)行主動(dòng);進(jìn)行主動(dòng);完成主動(dòng); 完成他沒有動(dòng)這食物.He left the

17、food _.我聽到這首歌正在被唱.I heard the song _ .這首歌被聽到正在唱.The song was heard_.這首歌被聽到唱過(guò).The song was heard _.untouched被動(dòng); being sungbeing sungto be sung被動(dòng); 進(jìn)行 被動(dòng); 進(jìn)行被動(dòng); 將來(lái)feelhear; listen tohave; let; makewatch; see; notice; observefind; catch +objdo sth主動(dòng); 完成doing sth正在進(jìn)行done被動(dòng);完成get + obj.+ to do sth. doing

18、sth. done1. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the whole city.2. Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost.3. Not having received any answer, he decided to write her another letter.4. Knowing all of this, they asked him to write down what happened.5. The accident happened, killing

19、 three people.時(shí)間，主謂條件；主謂原因，先時(shí)性；主謂讓步；主謂結(jié)果；主謂四.分詞作狀語(yǔ)1. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the whole city.When we stand on the top of the mountain, we2. Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost.If they worked this way, they3. Not having received any answer, he decided to write her a

20、nother letter.Because he didnt receive any answer, he4. Knowing all of this, they asked him to write down what happened.Although they knew all of this, they asked him1. Not educated well, he was difficult in solving such a complicated problem.2. Once discovered, the mistakes must be corrected.3. Com

21、pared with you, we still have a long way to go.4. Faced with a lot of difficulties, he continued the plan.動(dòng)賓；原因動(dòng)賓；時(shí)間動(dòng)賓；條件動(dòng)賓；讓步1. Not educated well, he was difficult in solving such a complicated problem.Because he wasnt educated well, he was2. Once discovered, the mistakes must be corrected.When the

22、 mistakes are discovered, they must 3. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.If we are compared with you, we still4. Faced with a lot of difficulties, he continued the plan.Although he was faced with a lot of difficulties, he continued 共同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般在句子中作時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。不同點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)就是該

23、分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。但現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而過(guò)去分詞則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。 1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析可知，待選部分在整個(gè)句中應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)；再根據(jù) European football 對(duì)于 make 來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)

24、最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，該題應(yīng)選A。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。 測(cè)試非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí)用非謂語(yǔ)的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A

25、. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選C。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞可以作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的狀語(yǔ)。 4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，通過(guò)副詞 angrily 進(jìn)行干擾。若B 答案為 and pointed angrily 時(shí)也對(duì)。(Having been) bitten by the

26、dog, the boy cried.(Being) bitten by the dog, the boy cried.Bitten by the dog, the boy cried.被問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題, 我才說(shuō)話的.(Having been) asked a question, I began to talk.(Being) asked a question, I began to talk.Asked a question, I began to talk.Because/After/When I was asked a question, I began to talk. Being il

27、l, I didnt go to school. Being tired, he fall asleep quickly. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. I saw the bike being repaired. I saw the bike repaired. Her shirt being caught on a nail, she could not move at all.Exhausted and tired, we went home.Happy and excited, I receiv

28、e his present.we went home, Exhausted and tired.I receive his present, Happy and excited.進(jìn)行完成我們趕到車站, 卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車開走了. we got to the station only to find the train has gone.暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)了,造成城鎮(zhèn)一片廢虛.The storm came, causing the town in ruins.The young man hurried to the restaurant, only _ the singer had left. A to tell B to be told C telling D toldB聽到這消息時(shí),他們都高興地跳了起來(lái).Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.由于艱苦的工作而勞累不堪,他很快就入睡了.Exhausted by hard work, he soon fell asleep.從山上看,這座城市非常漂亮.Seen from the hill, the town looks very beautiful.雖然出生在一個(gè)富裕的家庭,但他還是過(guò)著簡(jiǎn)樸的生活.Born in