1、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句-介詞+關系代詞（專項突破）限制性定語從句-解析【教學目標】能準確理解定語從句的定義、構成；關系代詞和關系副詞的區(qū)別【教學重點】定語從句關系代詞的選用【教學難點】在復合句中，能正確辨認定語從句，并區(qū)別其他從句【教學內容一】什么是定語:對名詞進行補充，說明，進行修飾或限定。初中常見六種定語：（一）形容詞作名詞的前置定語：1. an honest student.2. a wonderful day.3. an exciting activity.（二）形容詞作復合不定代詞：1. I want to go to somewhere interesting.2. Is

2、 there anything else?3. Do you know anyone humorous?（三）介詞作名詞的后置定語：1. The man in black is my father.2. The girl from Chengdu in my class is my best female friend.3. The woman with a pair of glasses is our math teacher.（四）to do 不定式做作名詞的后置定語：1. Beijing is one of the most popular cities to visit in Chin

3、a.2. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.（五）動詞的非謂語形式作名詞的后置定語：1. He is the only student coming from Hong Kong.2. Do you know the man sitting next to Mike?3. She is my best friend called Lisa.注意：在復合句中，動詞的非謂語三種形式來做名詞的后置定語。三種形式：（一）：V-ing，與前面名詞主動關系（二）：V-ed，與前面名詞被動關系（三）: To do 不定式，與前面名詞關系（表將

4、來或表目的）（六）定語從句作名詞的后置定語：定語從句的本質從句相當于一個形容詞，作名詞的后置定語定語從句的判定：在復合句中，確定主句，辨別從句所缺成分（主語，賓語，定語），再根據先行詞是人或事物，選擇正確的從句引導詞。關系代詞的選用分類關系詞所指代的先行詞在從句中的成分關系代詞who人主語、賓語（可省略）whom人賓語（可省略）which物主語、賓語（可省略）that人或物主語、賓語（可省略）Whose（誰的=adj）whose后必須是名詞人或物定語關系副詞when狀語從句不缺成分時間狀語where狀語從句不缺成分地點狀語why狀語從句不缺成分原因狀語例題分析：從句缺主語：The buildi

5、ng which/that is being built will be used as a hospital.從句缺賓語：Thank you for the gift that/which you bought for me.從句缺定語：I have a friend whose mother is a doctor. 注意：定語從句與動詞的非謂語作名詞的后置定語的重要關系：從句缺主語的定語從句與非謂語都是作名詞（先行詞）的后置定語，可以相互轉換。例句定語從句Do you know that woman who is standing under the tree.變?yōu)榉侵^語：Do you

6、know that woman standing under the tree.非謂語表主動Jake is the only student coming from Chengdu.變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句-Jack is the only student who comes from Chengdu.非謂語表被動The birthday held yesterday is really exciting.變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句-The birthday that/which was held yesterday is really exciting.非謂語表將來The meeting to be held tom

7、orrow is very important.變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句-The meeting that/which is to be held tomorrow is very important.通常在以下六種情況下只能用that而不能用which：（1）先行詞為all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等不定代詞時。That is all that I want to say. 【典例】Is that all? Yes. Thats all _ I want to take. （2）先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是

8、序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.。He was the first person that passed the exam. This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. （3）以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that。Who is the girl that is crying? （4）先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the las

9、t， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which。This is the same bike that I lost. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. （5）先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which。We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

10、（6）先行詞在主句中作表語，或關系代詞在從句中作表語時。Its a book that will help you a lot. （7）主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 3. 關系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：（1）先行詞為that， those時，用which，而不用that。Whats that which is under the desk? （2）關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that。This is the room

11、in which he lives. （3）引導非限制性定語從句，用which（which 用逗號隔開，指代前面整個句子的內容或意思，前面不一定有先行詞，也不是修飾前面的先行詞），而不用that。Tom came back, which made us excited. 課堂練習11It was in this school_ name he will never forget _ he won the speaking competition about how the army and rescue workers made joint efforts to return the eart

12、hquake disaster area to normal.Awhose; thatBwhere; thatCwhose; whereDthat; that2 All_ made_ possible for China to succeed in carrying out its open and reform policy.Athat happened; itBwhat happened; itCwhat happened; thatDthat happened; that3 What surprised me most was not what he said but_ he said

13、it.Athe way whichBin the way thatCin the wayDthe way4Mary lives in the room , the door _ opens east.AOf itBof whichCof whatDwhose5 We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, _ , not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen答案：1-5：AADBB課堂練習21. What are you doing? Im reading a book _ t

14、ells the history of Japan.A. which B. who C. what D. where 2. What are you doing? Im reading the book _ you lent me last week.A. that B. who C. what D. where 3. I heard that Lisas mother passed away. Yes, she is a great woman _ have raised six children in her family. A. who B. whom C. which D. /4. I

15、n a text message, 88 means Bye-bye. And another example is F2F _ stands for face to face. A. that B. who C. whom D. it 5. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _ wanted to kill him.A. whose B. which C. / D. who6. He always forgets to do his homework _ he needs

16、 to finish on time.A .what B. whom C. that 7. Did you travel anywhere this vacation?Yes. I went to visit a temple _ was built hundreds of years ago.A. where B. what C. that8. This is the best show _ I have seen so far.A. when B. what C. that 9. The man _ sits next to us is my physics teacher. A. who

17、m B. which C. who10. You are talented young adults _ are full of hope for the future.A. which B. when C. who D. where答案：1-5：AAAAD 6-10：CCCCC非限制性定語從句-介詞+關系代詞-解析【教學目標】定語從句【教學重點】非限制性定語從句中關系詞的選擇；【教學難點】限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別；as和which引導的定語從句?！具M門得分】考點1）The sharks followed the warm currents_may have changed no

18、rthward during this period.考點2）The letter that I opened it wasnt for me考點3）The road construction is based on the agreement， one of _purposes is to ensure its completion on time.【教學內容】教學引入：區(qū)別限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句？例句1）They told me they had just arrived at the last destination that you went to last year 例句2

19、）What sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness，but the pursuit of meaning, which is unique to humans.【教學內容一：非限制性定語從句知識概況】一、定義：非限制性定語從句是對意義已經非常明確的先行詞給予補充、說明，刪去非限制性定語從句，主句的意思仍是概念清晰、結構完整的。二、關系詞:who，whom，which， whose，as，when，where，that和why 不可用于引導非限制性定語從句，從句之前要用逗號。1、先行詞指人，則用_.

20、2、先行詞指物，要用_.3、先行詞表時間或者地點，并在句中作時間狀語或者地點狀語時要用_或者_引導?！窘虒W內容二：非限制性定語從句的使用情況】1關系代詞指代整個主句時，使用非限制性定語從句。1): You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful.2): The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us.3): A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.2當先行詞指的是世界上獨一無二的事物或人名地

21、名等專有名詞時，使用非限制性定語從句。1): China, which is my motherland, is developing fast.2): Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year.3): Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held.3當先行詞指的是某人只有一個親屬（son，daughter等）時，使用非限制性定語從句。1): He has a daughter, who is studying in London.2): This

22、 is my teacher, who has something to tell you.【教學內容三：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別】1、形式不同：限制性定語從句主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中使用時也不停頓；而非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常有逗號隔開，口語中使用時有停頓。2功能不同1）：限制性定語從句用于2）：而非限制性定語從句用于對先行詞起補充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。-People who take physical exercise live longer.-His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home

23、 next week. 3翻譯不同1）限制性定語從句2）非限制性定語從句-He is the man whose car was stolen.-Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.4含義不同比較下面的兩個句子：-l have a sister who is a doctor.-l have a sister, who is a doctor.5先行詞不同1）限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是_.2）非限制性定語從句的先行詞則可以是_，也可以是_; 另外，當先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨一無二性的普通名詞時，通常要用_.-Peter drove to

24、o fast, which was dangerous.-He changed his mind, which made me very angry.-Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.-Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.6關系詞不同1）關系詞that和why可用于限制性定語從句中，不用于_2）在限制性定語從句中，關系詞有時可以_，而在非限制性定語從句中關系詞_.【及時訓練1】1. They talked for abo

25、ut an hour of incidents, most of them happened recently.2. That day, what I am looking forwards to, is around the corner.3Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,she opened with her late husband Les.4She and her family bicycle to work，_helps them keep fit.A. whi

26、ch B. who C. as D. that5Like anything， it is possible to have too much of both，_is not good for the health.6In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.7But Sarah，has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove

27、(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.8But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-198Os,I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.9 They went farther north into the deep forests o

28、f Canada，_ there were fewer humans around.10 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.【教學內容四：as 和which引導的定語從句】（一）相同點:都可以在定語從句中做_語、_語或_語，代表前面整個句子.（二）不同點:1、位置,as 引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之、主句之甚至還可以分割主句。Eg: As is know

29、n to all, China is a developing country.which 引導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之_。2、意義:as 譯為：?？脊潭ù钆?。which 這一點，這件事；表事實、狀態(tài)、起因、轉折、讓步等；當后置的非限定性定語從句是否定結構時，也只能用which引導。Eg: Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.3、先行詞:as引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞多為一個句子；which 引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞可以是一個詞，一個短語或一.4、be 動詞能否省略：which后的be 動詞；而as

30、后的be動詞。5、介詞關系代詞（介賓代物）”中關系代詞只能用which。Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.【及時訓練2】1. He has made as much progressis enough for him to be admitted to Fudan University.A.as B. that C. what D. which2. The beginning of the story is excellent,is the ending,leaves us much to think.A.

31、as; which B. so; that C.as; that D. such; which3. It rained very hard yesterday,prevented me from going to the school.A. that B. it C. as D. which4. The salesman produced all sorts of handbags, but none of_met Lindas requirements.5、I told the teacher Id like to take part in the competition,_, howeve

32、r, made the whole class burst into laughter.【過手練習】1. My eldest son,_work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_the weather may be better.3. It is a truly delightful place,_looks the same as it must have done 100 years ag

33、o with its winding streets and pretty cottages.4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere_his employees enjoy their work.5. The books on the desk,_covers are shiny, are prizes for us.【拓展訓練】-語法填空If you only got six hours shut eye last night, there is no need (1) (lose )sleep ov

34、er it.Scientists say that though it is (2) (wide) believed that we need eight hours of sleep a night, six to seven hours is the natural amount.Advising short-sleepers to rest easy, the US researchers say, (3)(have) important implications（暗示，含義） for the idea that we need to take sleeping pills becaus

35、e sleep hasBeen reduced from (4)(it) natural level by the widespread use of electricity, TV, the Internet and so on.The lead author of a study, Ghandi, said: “Theres the (5) (expect) that we should all be sleeping for eight or nine hours a night, and if we took away modern technology, we would be sl

36、eeping more. But now, for the first time, we are showing thats not (6) truth.”Most of those (7) were studied slept for less than seven hours a night, with the average amount just six hours and 25 minutes. This is much less than the eight hours often (8) (recommend) in western societies.Despite this,

37、 the people studied were in good health, (9)lower rates of obesity（肥胖癥），better blood pressure and （10） (healthy) hearts than people in industrialized societies. They were also fitter.【單句語法】考點1） She says that shell never forget the timeshes spent working as a secretary in our company.考點2） Like anything， it is possible to have too much of both，_is not good for the health. 考點3）One afternoon where I was in primary school， I was walking by the school playground.【課后作業(yè)】-短文改錯Im on holiday in the Switzerland with my parents. We stayed in a hotel near a lake. I can see mountains from my b