1、 比較結(jié)構(gòu)了解與翻譯第1頁英語中，比較結(jié)構(gòu)句型復(fù)雜，表現(xiàn)形式多樣。在翻譯時(shí)候，需要仔細(xì)分析，在準(zhǔn)確了解基礎(chǔ)上，才能進(jìn)行貼切表示。所以，從了解與表示角度來看，比較形式是次要，真正主要是意義上比較。只要意義上表示比較，就屬于比較句式。常見比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)意義很輕易了解，所以也比較輕易翻譯，如：I am taller than he.（我比他高）。這里主要介紹在意義上輕易混同比較結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯。第2頁英語中常見比較結(jié)構(gòu)主要包含比較級(jí)，遞增或遞減式比較，強(qiáng)化式比較，否定式比較，選擇式比較等。第3頁一、比較級(jí)比較級(jí)包含超越、相等和差遜三種情況。1）超越。表示超越比較結(jié)構(gòu)主要有：better than（勝過，優(yōu)于），

2、more than+從句（多出，超出），“than +關(guān)系代詞”從句（再不過），superior to（占優(yōu)勢(shì)，比勝一籌）。第4頁比如：Doing is better than saying.百說不如一做She has talked more than what is necessary.她說了一些多出話He is superior to his elder brother.他比他哥哥強(qiáng)第5頁He is a scholar than whom no man ever will be more honest. 第6頁他是個(gè)再老實(shí)不過學(xué)者了。第7頁相等表示相等比較結(jié)構(gòu)主要有：as as（如一樣），

3、as well as（既又，和一樣），the same as（像一樣），such/ soas（像一樣），no sooner than（一就），no more than（就像，不優(yōu)于），no less than（就像，不次于），否定代詞+more than / else than / other than)（只不過而已）。 第8頁(1) as as. 如一樣 As busy as a bee. ( 忙得不可開交) 第9頁(2) as well as 既 又， 和一樣Pompey, as well as Caesar, was a great man. (像愷撒一樣，龐培也是一位偉人。) 第10頁

4、(3) the same as. 像一樣 (4) such/ soas. 像一樣The same as the past. (一如從前。) Such a great poet as Homer was proficient not just in literature but also in history . (像荷馬那樣詩人，不但要精通文學(xué)，還要精通歷史。) 第11頁(5) no sooner than. 一就（幾乎同時(shí)，夸大使用方法） No sooner said than done.(說到做到。) 第12頁(6) No more than. 就像一樣都不，不優(yōu)于Youre no mor

5、e capable of speaking French than I am. （你我都不會(huì)說日語。） 第13頁(7) No less than. 就像，不次于。 (8) 否定代詞+more than (else than, other than) 。 than是介詞，只不過而已。 Technology is no less important than market. (技術(shù)和市場(chǎng)一樣主要。) This is no other than myself. （這人就是我。） 第14頁一、asas句型第15頁（一）asas句型asas句型是同級(jí)比較，表示二者比較程度一樣。所以在翻譯時(shí)候，通常翻譯為

6、“和.一樣”。第16頁你來譯：她和以前一樣對(duì)音樂感興趣。 第17頁She is as much interested in music as ever.第18頁二）not as (or so)as句型跟asas句型相反結(jié)構(gòu) not as (or so)as表示二者程度不一樣，前者不如后者，所以，通常翻譯為“不如”。第19頁1.My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.我叔叔不如你父親高。 2.People are not so honest as they once were.人們現(xiàn)在不如過去那樣老實(shí)了第20頁（三）not so much a

7、s句型not so much as這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示基本意義和not as (or so)as一樣，不過通常翻譯為“與其說不如說”。第21頁He was not so much angry as disappointed.他與其說是生氣，還不如說是失望了。（能夠了解為：“他生氣不如失望多”，就是說“他更多是失望，憤恨是其次?！保㏕he oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.海洋與其說是把世界分割開來，還不如說是把世界連接在一起。Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in gramma

8、r as by weakness in style.拙劣寫作，與其說是語法上錯(cuò)誤，還不如說是因?yàn)槲捏w上弱點(diǎn)。第22頁（四）not so much as句型not so much as這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“not even”，所以通常翻譯為“甚至不，甚至沒有”。請(qǐng)注意與not so much as這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分。第23頁He didnt so much as ask me to set down.他甚至沒有請(qǐng)我坐下。He cannot so much as spell a word.他甚至連一個(gè)詞也不會(huì)寫。He hadnt so much as his fare home.他甚至連回家路費(fèi)都沒有了。第2

9、4頁二、比較級(jí)+ than to do句型由比較級(jí)與than to do sth.結(jié)合在一起句型，通常翻譯為“不至于做某事”。You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.你不至于這么冷天氣去游泳吧。I have more sense than to tell him about our plan.我不至于傻到會(huì)把我們計(jì)劃告訴他。I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes.我英語學(xué)得很好，不至于犯這么愚蠢錯(cuò)誤。第25頁三

10、、morethan句型（一）more A than B句型more A than B通慣用于同一個(gè)人或者事物在兩個(gè)不一樣性質(zhì)或者特征上面比較。翻譯為“與其說B，不如說A”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有l(wèi)ess A than B，翻譯為“與其說A，不如說B”，請(qǐng)注意這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中“與其實(shí)說”與“不如說”對(duì)象，即A與B二者在翻譯中位置。第26頁He is more good than bad.與其說他很壞，不如說他很好。He is less good than bad.與其說他很好，不如說他很壞。He is more a writer than a teacher.與其說他是老師，不如說他是作家。He is les

11、s clever than diligent.與其說他聰明，不如說他勤奮。第27頁（二）more than句型在英語中，假如more than句型后面所跟詞性不相同，意義也不盡相同，所以應(yīng)該用不一樣漢語詞來翻譯。第28頁1more than后面接數(shù)詞，表示“多于，.以上”意思。I have known him for more than twenty years.我已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)她二十多年了。I have more than ten dollars in my pocket.我口袋里還有十多美元。第29頁2more than后面接名詞或者動(dòng)詞，表示“不只是”意思。He is more than a

12、father to her.他待她勝過父親。He more than smiled, but laughed.他不只是微笑，而是放聲大笑。第30頁3more than后面接形容詞、副詞或者分詞，表示“極其，非?！币馑?。She was more than kind to us.他對(duì)我們非常友好。He was more than upset by the accident.這個(gè)意外事故讓他非常心煩。第31頁4more than can則表示“難以，完全不能”意思。That is more than I can understand.那件事情，我實(shí)在是不明白。The cold was more th

13、an the children could bear.嚴(yán)寒是孩子們所不能忍受。第32頁（三）no more than句型no more than句型在意義上與not any more than.一樣，表示對(duì)二者都否定，所以能夠翻譯為“和.一樣不，不正如，既不也不，和二者都不”。跟no more than句型相近，不過意義相反句型是no lessthan，能夠翻譯為“既是，也是，二者都是”。第33頁His grammar is no better than mine.他語法同我一樣不好。He is no more a writer than a painter.他既不是畫家也不是作家。He is

14、 no less a writer than a painter.他既是畫家也是作家。I am no more a poet than he is a scholar.我不是詩人，正如他不是學(xué)者一樣。第34頁一、as as句型 第35頁（一）as as句型 第36頁 她和以前一樣對(duì)音樂感興趣。 最近，我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和以前一樣穩(wěn)定 第37頁She is as much interested in music as ever. The economic development in our country is as stable recently as formerly. 第38頁（二）not a

15、s (or so)as句型 第39頁 我叔叔不如你父親高。人們現(xiàn)在不如過去那樣老實(shí)了。 第40頁 My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father. People are not so honest as they once were. 第41頁（三）not so much as句型 通常翻譯為“與其說不如說” 第42頁1.他與其說是生氣，還不如說是失望了。（能夠了解為：“他生氣不如失望多”，就是說 “他更多是失望，憤恨是其次?！保?2.海洋與其說是把世界分割開來，還不如說是把世界連接在一起。 3.拙劣寫作，與其說是語法上錯(cuò)誤，還不如說是因?yàn)槲捏w上弱

16、點(diǎn)。 第43頁1. He was not so much angry as disappointed. 2.The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 3.Bad writing is caused not so much by mistakes in grammar as by weakness in style.第44頁（四）not so much as句型 not so much as這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“not even ”，所以通常翻譯為“甚至不，甚至沒 有”。請(qǐng)注意與not so much as這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)分。 第45頁

17、他甚至沒有請(qǐng)我坐下。 他甚至連一個(gè)詞也不會(huì)寫。 他甚至連一個(gè)詞也不會(huì)寫。 第46頁 He didnt so much as ask me to set down. He cannot so much as spell a word. He hadnt so much as his fare home. 第47頁 二、比較級(jí)+ than to do句型 通常翻譯為“不至于做某事” 第48頁 你不至于這么冷天氣去游泳吧。 我不至于傻到會(huì)把我們計(jì)劃告訴他。 我英語學(xué)得很好，不至于犯這么愚蠢錯(cuò)誤。 第49頁 You ought to know better than to go swimming on

18、 such a cold day. I have more sense than to tell him about our plan. I had a better command of English than to make such foolish mistakes. 第50頁三、morethan句型 （一）more A than B 句型 more A than B 通慣用于同一個(gè)人或者事物在兩個(gè)不一樣性質(zhì)或者特征上面比較。翻譯 為“與其說B，不如說A”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有l(wèi)ess A than B，翻譯為“與其說A，不如說B”. 請(qǐng)注意這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中“與其實(shí)說”與“不如說”對(duì)象，即A 與B

19、 二者在翻譯中位置。 第51頁與其說他很壞，不如說他很好。 與其說他很好，不如說他很壞。 與其說他是老師，不如說他是作家。 與其說他聰明，不如說他勤奮。 第52頁He is more good than bad. He is less good than bad. He is more a writer than a teacher. He is less clever than diligent. 第53頁（二）more than句型 1more than 后面接數(shù)詞，表示“多于，.以上”意思。 第54頁 I have known him for more than twenty years

20、. 我已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)她二十多年了。 I have more than ten dollars in my pocket. 我口袋里還有十多美元。 第55頁2more than 后面接名詞或者動(dòng)詞，表示“不只是”意思。 第56頁 他待她勝過父親。 他不只是微笑，而是放聲大笑。 第57頁 He is more than a father to her. He more than smiled, but laughed. 第58頁 3more than 后面接形容詞、副詞或者分詞，表示“極其，非?！币馑肌?第59頁他對(duì)我們非常友好。 這個(gè)意外事故讓他非常心煩。 第60頁She was more than

21、kind to us. He was more than upset by the accident. 第61頁4more than can則表示“難以，完全不能”意思。 那件事情，我實(shí)在是不明白。 嚴(yán)寒是孩子們所不能忍受。 第62頁That is more than I can understand. The cold was more than the children could bear. 第63頁（三）no more than句型no more than句型在意義上與not any more than.一樣，表示對(duì)二者都否定，所以能夠翻譯為“和.一樣不，不正如，既不也不，和二者都不”

22、。跟 no more than句型相近，不過意義相反句型是no lessthan，能夠翻譯為“既是，也 是，二者都是”。 第64頁他語法同我一樣不好。 他既不是畫家也不是作家。 他既是畫家也是作家。 我不是詩人，正如他不是學(xué)者一樣。 第65頁His grammar is no better than mine. He is no more a writer than a painter. He is no less a writer than a painter. I am no more a poet than he is a scholar. 第66頁密碼： secret code password口水： mouth water saliva手機(jī)： hand phone mobile phone/cell phone救火： to save a fire to fight a fire洗牌： to wash the playing card