1、本文格式為Word版，下載可任意編輯 數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)糧食系統(tǒng)，增強(qiáng)危,機(jī)抵御能力 Cover: Subman, Getty Images Contents 5 For ewor d 6 Executive Summary 7 1 COVID-19 and Food Systems in Africa 9 2 A Digital and Data Revolution for Enhanced Food System Resiliency 11 3 Opportunities 15 4 Scaling for Long-T erm Impact 19 Additional Resour ces 20

2、Contributors 22 Endnotes 2022 W orld Economic Forum. All rights r eserved. No part of this publication may be r epr oduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and r ecording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. For ewor d This r eport seeks to advance t

3、he actionable understanding on an emerging set of appr oaches for data-driven food systems. Ibrahim Assane Mayaki Chief Executive Of ficer , AUDA-NEP AD Planning and Coor dinating Agency, Johannesburg Lisa Sweet Head of Futur e of Pr otein, COVID Response, and Food-Health, W orld Economic Forum Der

4、ek OHalloran Member of the Executive Committee and Head of Shaping the Futur e of Digital Economy and New V alue Creation, W orld Economic Forum COVID-19 has rapidly brought to light the complexities of food systems and the challenges even in the best of times to nutritiously, sustainably and inclus

5、ively feed the world. The first half of 2022 has been marked with food market and agri-dealer closur es, trade blockages, labour shortages, manufacturing and pr ocessing plant closur es, shortages of certain food pr oducts as buying patter ns shifted and bulk buyers such as r estaurants or canteens

6、faced closur es, and other logistical and tactical issues. As the pandemic has pr ogr essed and implications have expanded beyond the immediate healthcar e needs to the br oader societal, economic and knock-on implications of this crisis, global, regional and local food systems have begun to face im

7、mense pr essures that thr eaten to undermine nutrition at a mass scale and pr ovoke food shortages as primary food production is implicated. COVID-19 has also laid bar e the food system s underlying injustices and inequities. For instance, on the Africa continent alone mor e than 250 million people

8、do not have access to nutritious foods at all, or on a sustainable basis, and with schools closed across the continent millions mor e childr en now have no access to the free meals that wer e the only source of a balanced diet to many. However , the crisis has brought widespr ead awar eness of tools

9、 that are curr ently underutilized by the food and agricultur e sectors, and which if leveraged intentionally and inclusively can have a seismic impact on the food system s ability to r espond and r ebound in times of crisis. One such tool is data. This r eport seeks to advance the actionable unders

10、tanding on an emerging set of appr oaches for data-driven food systems across stakeholders, also r ecognizing the role of community-level public and private sector players. It explor es opportunities for data to enable better decision-making, advance business, pr oduct and partnership models, and em

11、power stakeholders across the value chain. It highlights examples showcasing these models in practice. And it r ecognizes that for our food systems to be better pr epar ed and mor e r esilient in the futur e, we will need to promote a cultur e of data that allows for success and scale, and which is

12、supported by key enablers, including policy, capacity building, infrastructur e and connectivity, and mobilizing leadership. This r eport forms part of a series of outcomes stemming fr om the COVID Action for Food Systems Africa multistakeholder ef forts launched by the African Union Development Age

13、ncy (AUDA-NEP AD) in collaboration with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IF AD) and the W orld Economic Forum. It was developed as an output of the Data and Information Platforms working gr oup, with input fr om working gr oup members. Drafting of the r eport was led by the W orl

14、d Economic Forum. The working gr oup has been supported by the team fr om Synergy Global Consulting: Paul Kapelus, Y umna Martin and Brooke Parkin. W e are also grateful to members of the Business of Data community, including Francisco DSouza, Co-Founder , Cognizant and Fellow , W orld Economic Foru

15、m; Sean W iid, Chief Executive Officer , UP42; Ganesh V enkatesh, Head of Marketing, UP42; and Monika Glowacki, W orld Economic Forum, for their review and contributions. Executive Summary The current crisis pr ovides an opportunity to strategically r ethink and r etool the food systems to enable da

16、ta-driven transformation. For many, 2022 began with a widespr ead r ecognition that food systems would requir e radical transformation if they are to feed a population of 9.8 billion in a manner that is sustainable, inclusive, ef ficient and nutritious. As we enter into late 2022, months into the r

17、eality of the global COVID-19 pandemic, this r ecognition has been further illuminated as we have seen hunger rise, food logistics crippled, markets and r estaurants closed, perishable food destroyed, trade and labour barriers installed, and incomes vanish fr om dir ect and indir ect COVID-19 action

18、s. Actions taken to pr otect and r estor e food security as the crisis persists, and once recovery begins, will not only have to be significant, they will have to be smarter . They will need to bring a range of actors together with refined incentives to build the food systems back to a stronger , mo

19、r e r esilient place that will be able to withstand not only the crisis of today, but those pr edicted in the futur e. In this unprecedented time, enabling and expanding data-driven food systems of fers an unparalleled appr oach to building back stronger , mor e r esilient, mor e informed, inclusive

20、 and equitable systems for the futur e. Data-driven food systems empowered by digital connectivity is not a new concept; however , the COVID-19 crisis has underscored the necessity of this appr oach and the urgent need to bring significant r esour ces to bear as a central enabler for the food system

21、s of tomorr ow. The current crisis pr ovides an opportunity to strategically r ethink and r etool the food systems to enable widespr ead digitalization and data-driven transformation along the agricultural value chain and beyond, resulting in a mor e integrated appr oach to uniquely identify long-te

22、rm solutions that benefit the rural and economic development of entir e countries. By utilizing these emerging data-driven solutions for food and agricultur e and viewing them as part of a wider economic enabling framework, partnerships can be leveraged and scaled. Data fr om across satellite and ge

23、ospatial operators, ICT and telecommunications pr oviders, e-commer ce and logistics companies, and finance pr oviders could all be brought to bear , alongside data fr om other actors who intersect the food space, such as the mining sector s land utilization patterns. These corr esponding data sets,

24、 brought together in a joint ecosystem that informs the wider economic and societal development, can thereby cr eate a much gr eater transformational ef fect. This paper , pr epar ed by the W orld Economic Forum s COVID Action for Food Systems Africa: Data and Information Platforms W orking Gr oup,

25、is intended as a starting point to advance actionable understanding on an emerging set of appr oaches for data-driven food systems across stakeholders. The intent is for this paper to further inform stakeholders in the food systems and beyond as a stepping stone to the above-mentioned widespr ead tr

26、ansformational ef fect for economics and societies. It r epr esents a contribution to an ongoing set of activities across Forum communities, including discussions about the need for gr eater innovation in food systems and the bodies of work ar ound industry agnostic models for data collaboration. Wh

27、ile the focus is pr edominantly on Africa given the r emit of the working gr oup, concepts are applicable globally and examples are brought in fr om a range of geographies, including a few fr om a corr esponding ASEAN-focused ef fort led by the multistakeholder partnership platform, Gr o w Asia . Be

28、low: Andrew Sit, Unsplash COVID-19 and Food Systems in Africa COVID-19 is dramatically accelerating weaknesses in food systems, driving risk of futur e widespr ead food insecurity beyond the current immediate logistical r oadblocks. 1 Over 60% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa is smallholder f

29、armers 1 Almost 23% of the continent s GDP comes fr om agricultur e 2 Appr oximately 85% of Africa s food was imported fr om outside the continent fr om 2022 to 2022 3 African smallholder farmers are net buyers of food , and among the poor est and most marginalized gr oup of people in the world 4 Af

30、rica s food and agricultural imports amount to between $45 billion and $50 billion a yearalong with $6 billion a year in imports of agricultural inputs 5 In Africa, mobile penetration rates are curr ently only ar ound 45% 7 Digital channels which requir e 3G/4G/ smartphone internet penetration are o

31、nly ar ound 25% of the African population 8 In sub-Saharan Africa, the regional gender gap in mobile internet usage was 37% last year , and 74 million women are unconnected 9 For youth, the pr oportion of young internet users in Africa stands at 40.3 % while the world average is 70.6% 10 Of the 25 c

32、ountries with the lowest internet penetration, 21 ar e in Africa 11 Anticipated COVID-19 implications to African food systems As COVID-19 implications have expanded fr om immediate healthcar e needs to the br oader societal, economic and knock-on implications of this crisis, the r esiliency and inef

33、 ficiencies of global, regional and local food systems has become incr easingly apparent for the African continent. In Africa, food and corr esponding agricultur e systems play a central role in livelihoods and economics, and the continent is highly exposed in times of international crisis given its

34、 dependency on trans-bor der food imports. While food insecurity across the continent was widespr ead befor e COVID-19, the challenges pr esented to the food systems by the pandemic fr om market closur es and trade blockages, to labour and income shortages are primed to be particularly acute. Additi

35、onally, for many, COVID-19 is adding to the alr eady desperate cir cumstances smallholder farmers are alr eady faced with, further amplifying their pr edicament. COVID-19 is pr edicted to have the potential to spark a food security crisis in Africa, with agricultural production potentially contracti

36、ng between 2.6% to 7%. 12 The expected contraction will cause a decline in Africa s agricultural exports, putting livelihoods and jobs at risk. 13 Furthermor e, food imports could decline substantially, fr om up to 13% to 25%, due to higher transaction costs and r educed domestic demand fr om the cr

37、isis, 14 further exacerbating the crisis. Accor ding to the W orld Food Pr ogramme (WFP), an additional 20 million people could struggle to feed themselves due to the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 in the coming months, which will double the total number of people facing desperate food shortage i

38、n sub-Saharan Africa to over 40 million. 15 As health, food security and poverty impacts intertwine, they will tend to impact women and youth disproportionately. At a holistic level, one can see clear patter ns of COVID-19 implications on the food systems in Africa. However , the data is not always

39、suf ficient, speedy or specific enough to understand the nuanced pictur e to enable the strategically targeted interventions most needed to pr otect the African food systems throughout this crisis and beyond. In April 2022, the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEP AD), International Fund for A

40、gricultural Development (IF AD) and W orld Economic Forum virtually convened 80 global and continental leaders across gover nment, business, farmers associations, civil society, international organizations and innovators to discuss actions needed in r esponse to COVID-19, r ecognizing as well that t

41、he crisis has pr ovided a window of opportunity to accelerate corr ective actions. The leaders overwhelmingly called for joint action in support of unlocking r eliable and timely data upon which they could base their decisions and actions. Food imports could decline substantiall y , fr om up to 13%

42、to 25% Additional 20 million people could struggle to feed themselves Below: Annie Spratt, Unsplash A Digital and Data Revolution for Enhanced Food System Resiliency The new normal will need to leverage digital and data by default. 2 Accor ding to AUDA-NEPAD, COVID-19 is the most important factor dr

43、iving structural shifts and policy in food production market systems in Africa. Impacts will be long term and varied. Much as the ef fects of the 2022-2022 global financial crisis r everberated over a time horizon of at least a decade, the new normal and r eimagined context for markets, budgets and

44、policy choices fr om COVID-19 can be expected to last until at least 2030. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the unique opportunity to be the necessary watershed moment for r ecognition and alignment ar ound a transformation that is informed by data, to support agricultur e and r esiliency of food s

45、ystems in times of crisis. Used with wisdom, a granular data-driven understanding of communities and individuals, of complex natural ecosystems, of value chains can open new possibilities for well-being and deliver unimaginable benefits. 16 While the timeline for African food systems to bounce back

46、once a vaccine is widely available is unknown, stakeholders should pr epar e to bounce back smartly by leveraging data. In this regar d, it is key for stakeholders to r ecognize that the use of data has now evolved fr om old, linear models with a focus on incr eased ef ficiency and better post-hoc d

47、ecision-making. New models are highlighting ways to use data to generate top- line value for all actors in the value chain, including farmers. W orldwide, today s use cases fr equently draw on data fr om multiple sources, generate value for multiple entities and embed both end user and partner inter

48、 ests. 17 By cr eating data capacity to track and for ecast food availability, pricing and accessibility, logistical flows and other factors during and after the crisis, stakeholders across food systems can find wide application and cr eate significant new value pools. Accelerating digitalization th

49、roughout the entir e food value chain can act as a critical enabler to support bringing together multiple sources of data fr om geo-satellite data and ICT , to e-commer ce, logistics and finance and critically to go beyond a mindset of thinking of farmers solely as beneficiaries of data. Rather , th

50、e famers become actors in data systems in their own right, owning and monetizing the value of their data, and leveraging pools of actionable information that the data can bring to them to cr eate mor e r esiliency for not only their cr ops, but also their livelihoods. Three ar chetypes are emerging

51、to leverage data through an ecosystem appr oach, which empowers value cr eation across stakeholders, for enhanced food system resiliency. These include: FIGURE 1 Opportunities for data-driven value cr eation in food systems Ar chetype Opportunity Food r esilience application Better decisions Analyti

52、cs-based insights for better contextualized decision-making Impr ovements to operational ef ficiency within the ecosystem Enhanced monitoring and evaluation pr ocess Early war ning/early action for rapidly evolving situations Enabling r eal-time and pr ecision data on which to apply gover nment, NGO

53、 or business support Applied farming decisions and targeted extension services Flexible supply chains and logistics, r ewir ed to r oute food and inputs mor e dynamically Repository of shar ed experience and lessons lear ned during r ecurring challenges and crises Enhanced business, pr oduct and par

54、tnership models New business models, enabled by data insights and analytics New revenue str eams, pr oducts and services for a br oader range of stakeholders Combining data sets Public -private partnerships Reach extension (last mile/rural) User -side (farmer/SME, etc.) application for data and info

55、rmation De-risking capabilities and tailor ed finance pr oducts through compr ehensive risk pr ofiles, cr edit scoring, insurance models and data clearing houses Greater ef ficiency in allocation of public and private r esour ces to support the best opportunities and to target the most vulnerable (e

56、.g. war ehousing utilization) Inter operability and maximized r eturn on investment on applications Expanded and ef ficient intra-trade in agricultural and food pr oducts Empowered stakeholders across the value chain Mor e meaningful, personalized engagement and experiences Lower barriers to entry a

57、nd ongoing usage Commer cial incentives aligned with user pr otections T rustworthy interactions and information Increased transparency and fair ness Responsive two-way value flow , including continuous improvement on behalf of the user (farmer/SME, etc.) Privacy and intellectual pr operty pr otecti

58、on, safeguar ds in the system, trusted information (e.g. how to pr event spr ead of COVID) Single sign-on (SSO) and digital identity to leverage existing systems and to meet stakeholders wher e they are Below: Beks, Unsplash Opportunities Lear nings fr om early r esponses and actions undertaken by s

59、takeholders to leverage these new data-driven models. 3 Business, gover nment, civil society organizations, innovators and others are alr eady beginning to showcase the thr ee ar chetypes which leverage data in practice, to enhance food systems resiliency, in Africa and elsewhere. Many African farme

60、rs, and the associations that r epr esent them, have yet to leverage these new models. However , impactful examples are beginning to emerge across all stakeholders. Highlighted below are some of these examples, mainly pulling fr om Africa given the r emit of the working gr oup, with a few coming fr