66.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam.【詞匯突破】regularity常規(guī)性conformity一致性desirable令人滿意的,令人希望的,值得擁有的,例:Itisdesirablethatyoushouldbetherebytwoo'clock.（希望你兩點(diǎn)能到那里。）conventiona!傳統(tǒng)的【主干識(shí)另リ】Norismanagementtobeblamed.Nor置于句首引起倒裝,正常語序?yàn)閙anagementisnottobeblamed.【其他成分】ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect狀塔從句;fordiscriminatingagainstthe"oddballs"amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho"workwellwiththeteam狀語。【微觀解析】ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect主干為:regularityandconformityareasdesirable；toastandardpattern定語修飾regularityandconformity；tothescientist狀語;asthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect.Asク|導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾regularityandconformity,as在句中做reflecte的賓語,如果在科學(xué)家的論文中所反應(yīng)出的對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板的遵守和認(rèn)同正是其所想得到的話?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】由于nor置于句首所引起的倒裝和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句造成閱讀上的困難?！咀g文賞析】如果在科學(xué)家的論文中所反應(yīng)出的對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板的遵守和認(rèn)同正是其所想得到的話,那么管理層就不該因歧視研究者中的”思維與眾不同的人”，喜歡其中較為傳統(tǒng)的”善于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作”的思想者而受到指責(zé)了。 65.Addingtoawoman'sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreased"opportunities"forstress.【解析】addingtoawoman'sincreasedoseofstesschemicals為ving,而后接復(fù)數(shù)系動(dòng)詞可以判定為倒裝;正常語丿予為:herincreased"opportunities"forstressareaddingtoawoman'sincreasedoseofstresschemicals.AddingtoAisB;這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以翻譯為:除了A...【譯文】除開女性更多的壓カ物質(zhì)外,還有就是她更多的受壓カ的機(jī)會(huì)。再給ー個(gè)倒裝句:AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.【解析】句子開頭是很長的ー個(gè)介詞短語:AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoung,整個(gè)部分被其中的一個(gè)定語從可thatusethewindsweptcliffstomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoung拉長,造成在理解上的困難;后緊接ー個(gè)系動(dòng)詞are,可以判定為倒裝,其主干語序應(yīng)該是:commonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannetsareAmongthespeciesofseabirds；【譯文】有一些鳥類會(huì)在夏天的時(shí)候利用在加拿大的陡峭的大西洋懸崖來交配,產(chǎn)卵和撫育自己的幼鳥,而普通的海雀,大西洋的海鳩,黑腳三趾鷗,以及北方的塘鵝都是這樣的海鳥。64.Mostimportant,perhaps,wasthattheyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelitythetechniqueandcompositionconsistentwiththoseofAmerica'sfirstpopularlandscapeartist,ThomasCole,whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainsceneryborderingtheHudsonRiver.【主干識(shí)別］：Thatwasimportant【解析】mostimportant為形容詞置于句首后緊接系動(dòng)詞可以判定為倒裝;主干的順序應(yīng)該是:thatwasmostimportant.MtheyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelitythetechniqueandcompositionconsistentwiththoseofAmerica'sfirstpopularlandscapeartist,ThomasCole,whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainsceneryborderingtheHudsonRiver.為主語從句,在翻譯的時(shí)候先翻冗長的主語從句。【微觀分析】:主語從句的主干:1.theyhadallmaintainedwithacertainfidelitythetechniqueandcomposition（注意withacertainfidelity做狀語）consistentwiththoseofAmerica'sfirstpopularlandscapeartist（做后置定語修飾technique,consistent形容詞,與...相一致）ThomasCole做同位語whobuiltacareerpaintingtheCatskillMountainscenery定語從句修飾thomascole其中painting...做career的后置定語borderingtheHudsonRiver后置定語修飾scenery.【譯文】他們都幾乎忠誠地在堅(jiān)持著和美國第一個(gè)流行景觀藝術(shù)家托馬斯.柯爾的技法和構(gòu)圖原則一直的技法和原則,這是很重要的。柯爾一直在從事著描繪哈德遜河兩岸的catskill山風(fēng)景的事業(yè)。63.Allwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationismandevolutiondebate.【解析】助動(dòng)詞were被提前置于主語reason前,可以判定為部分倒裝;此處倒裝的原因是由于虛擬條件句中if被省略而引起的,句子還原就是:Ifreasonweretheonlyjudgeinthecreationismandevolutiondebate,allwouldbewell.【譯文】如果理性是創(chuàng)造論和進(jìn)化論的爭論中的唯一評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的話,那么所有的事情就很好辦了。附カロ句:Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanTOC\o"1-5"\h\zunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhe.grownupundermorefavorablecircumstances. .【解析】句子也出現(xiàn)了虛擬語氣的倒裝:hadhegrown!upundermorefavorablecircumstances?え整的&達(dá)是,ifhehadgrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances..they是指示代詞,指代前文的測試;compensate!for:彌補(bǔ);inequality:不公平,不平等,不相同 !tell:說明,表明;underprivilieged:貧困的、物質(zhì)條件差的 I【譯文】例如,測試并不能彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公,因?此就不能說明一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件很差的人,如果在更加有?利的條件下成長,會(huì)有多么能干。 !62.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.【解析】Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitats為形容詞短語,coincident為形容詞,with為介詞,concerns為名詞,abouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitats為介詞短語修飾concerns做定語;在形容詞短語結(jié)束處緊接系動(dòng)詞的完成式hasbeen,因此可以判定為倒裝,而句子主語為:agrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity，thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem為句子中的Iロ］位語,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being修飾importance,構(gòu)成一個(gè)小結(jié)構(gòu)theimportanceofAtoB（A對(duì)于B的重要性）。整個(gè)句子的主干是:coincidentwithconcernshasbeenagrowingappreciation.對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)抽象以后可以得到:ConcidentwithAhasbeenB〇這個(gè)句型的關(guān)鍵是:A和B都是動(dòng)態(tài)名詞（對(duì)于動(dòng)態(tài)名詞的詳細(xì)講解請(qǐng)見本章第三節(jié)“相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充”）,簡單講動(dòng)態(tài)名詞就是由動(dòng)詞變來的名詞,如appreciation就是由appreciate變來的名詞（appreciation在這里是表示“理解”和“認(rèn)識(shí)”的意思,而不是常見的“欣賞”的意思），concerns本身既是名詞又是動(dòng)詞;這個(gè)句型翻譯的時(shí)候可以處理為:“隨著A,B……”或者“A……與此同時(shí)B……”。而A和B則可以單獨(dú)譯為兩個(gè)句子。用這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)我們能寫出很多漂亮的英語句子:（1）隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,中國的教育水平有了極大的提高。?解析:這個(gè)句子中確定出兩個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)名詞:發(fā)展和提高,因此搭建出A和B：A:ThedevelopmentofChineseeconomyB:ThegreatimprovementofeducationinChina.?譯文:CoincidentwiththedevelopmentofChineseeconomyhasbeenthegreatimprovementoftheeducationinChina.(2)隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)的興起,電視開始衰落了。?解析:這個(gè)句子中確定出兩個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)名詞:興起和衰落,因此搭建出A和B：theriseofthetechnologyofinternet;thedeclineofthetelevison;?庫文:Coincidentwiththeriseofthetechnologyofinternethasbeenthedeclineofthetelevision.【譯文】生物多樣性是指在一個(gè)特定的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量,而人們?cè)絹碓秸J(rèn)識(shí)到其對(duì)于地球健康和人類幸福的重要性,與此同時(shí),人們也越來越關(guān)心物種和其棲息地的加速丟失?！军c(diǎn)撥】在翻譯中首先將同位語提前翻譯,在面對(duì)沒有主語的動(dòng)態(tài)名詞時(shí)可以加出泛指的“人們”。61.Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization:fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,tow-generationhouseholds.【詞匯突破】abandoned拋棄infavorof贊成,支持extendedfamily大豕況【主干識(shí)另リ［centralizationhascomewitheconomicgrowth.在寫作的時(shí)候可以用這個(gè)句型:withBhascomeA（隨著B A ）【其他成分】:fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,tow-generationhouseholds冒號(hào)后接定語修飾centralization〇【微觀解析】fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincities為句子主干,wherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,tow-generationhouseholds.疋語從句修飾cities〇【難點(diǎn)揭秘】對(duì)于倒裝的識(shí)別和系動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)態(tài)的識(shí)別?！咀g文賞析】隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長,出現(xiàn)了集中化:全國1.19億公民,其中整整76%的人口定居城市:在這里,原來的社區(qū)和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒棄,取而代之的是與外界疏于往來的、只由兩代人組成的核心家庭。60.Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.【詞匯突破】census人口普查deveolop出現(xiàn)［主干識(shí)別】thepictureisemerging【其他成分】fromthe1980census狀語;ofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition定語修飾picture；aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill狀語從句?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】倒裝的識(shí)別【譯文賞析】從1980年的人口普査中,出現(xiàn)了這樣ー個(gè)情況,當(dāng)東北部和中西部地區(qū)的人口增長幾乎停止的時(shí)候,這個(gè)國家地區(qū)間的競爭就變得的越來越激烈了。 59.AmidtherecriminationsandbrokentreatiesafterthefailureoftheEuropeanUnion'sbiggesteconomicproject,wildcurrencyswingsbetweenthoseinthecoreandthoseintheperipherywouldalmostcertainlybringthesinglemarkettoashudderinghalt.【詞匯突破】recriminations相互指責(zé),吵架;反訴;揭丑;例句:Theirrelationshipdeterioratesintoanendlesscycleofsquabbling,jealousyandrecriminations.他們的關(guān)系陷入爭吵、嫉妒、指責(zé)的惡性循環(huán)Treaty合約和條約;Periphery邊緣;圓周; 外圍;邊緣地帶Shuddering發(fā)抖的,震動(dòng)的Halt停止【主干識(shí)另リ】wildcurrencyswingswouldbringthesinglemarkettoashudderinghalt.【其他成分】AmidtherecriminationsandbrokentreatiesafterthefailureoftheEuropeanUnion'sbiggesteconomicproject,狀語betweenthoseinthecoreandthoseintheperiphery疋語【微觀解析】介詞短語:介詞Amid+名詞Itherecriminationsand名1可2brokentreaties?介詞短語中的定語afterthefailureoftheEuropeanUnion'sbiggesteconomicproject,【難點(diǎn)揭秘】長狀語置于句首造成主干識(shí)別的困難,主語過長造成了翻譯的難點(diǎn)。 _【譯文賞析】在歐盟最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃破產(chǎn)后的一片指責(zé)和違約之中,貨幣在歐盟核心國家和邊緣國家中肆意動(dòng)蕩,這足以使歐元區(qū)的單一市場走向毀滅?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】將主語wildcurrencyswingsbetweenthoseinthecoreandthoseintheperiphery翻譯為ー個(gè)句子將名詞swings轉(zhuǎn)譯為動(dòng)詞。58.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles,orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers'misfortunes.【詞匯突破】lawsuit法律訴訟compendsate貝咅償warnof警告liable負(fù)責(zé)juries陪審團(tuán)【主干識(shí)別】or連接兩個(gè)并列的句子前一句主干為:asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.后一句為:thethinkinghasgonehasgoneso.【其他成分】第一句:luckily狀語;ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster狀席;狀唔;whenjuriesbegan第一句:sincetheearly1980s,holdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers5misfortunes定語從句修飾狀唔;whenjuriesbegan【微觀解析】whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers'misfortunes疋暗從句中holding所接賓語為?獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,其完整形式是:Morecompaniesareliablefortheircustomers'misfoutunes,其中are變?yōu)閎eing,being再被省去,詳細(xì)內(nèi)容可以參看獨(dú)立主格的講解。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子難點(diǎn)就是so在句子中的位置發(fā)生了改變,到了or后面,而剛好orso是ー個(gè)熟悉的短語可以修飾1980's是很有可能誤解為：thethinkinghasgone?這樣句子的意思就反生了完全的改變。 .【譯文賞析】幸運(yùn)的是,如果門墊或者是火爐沒有能?警告即將到來的災(zāi)難,你可以通過?場成功的法律訴?訟來賠償你的麻煩。從1980年代的早期開始人們的想?法就是這樣的了,那時(shí)候法庭認(rèn)為商家對(duì)消費(fèi)者的不?幸應(yīng)該負(fù)擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。 Il.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.【詞匯突破】maximize:最大化Coupledwith:カ口上（combinedwith的同義替換）【主干識(shí)別】itisthedemandthatdetermine加賓語從句?！酒渌煞帧縤ntheAmericaneconomicsystem狀語;coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes謂語作狀語,提取主干為coupledwiththedesireandthedesire；itisthedemandthatdeterminewhat...可還原為thedemanddetermineswhat...；whatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit賓席從句?！疚⒂^解析】這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型運(yùn)用itis+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…的結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,并且利用非謂語的伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)使得主干分離開來。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】找出強(qiáng)調(diào)句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分并且還原出原句。【譯文賞析】因此,在美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中,個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個(gè)人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結(jié)合,ー起決定了什么應(yīng)該被制造,以及資源如何被用來制造它們?！?6.Surelythereisnomorecommandingmoralimperativeforpeopleinthewestthantourgeeachother,andtheirgovernments,tobringrelieftotheworld'spoorest.【詞匯突破】imperative必須的,必須做的事,原則（常見的是形容詞性,但是這里是名詞表示必須做的事）commanding急迫的,緊迫的urge敦促relief援助【主千識(shí)另リ】thereisnomorecommandingmoralimperative【其他成分】forpeopleinthewest狀語;thantourgeeachother,andtheirgovernments,tobringrelieftotheworld'spoorest狀語?！疚⒂^解析】句中的比較對(duì)象為:anymoralimperative和tourgeeachother,andtheirgovernments,tobringrelieftotheworld'spoorest;比較內(nèi)容為:commanding急迫;ヒ匕較結(jié)果為:tourgeeachother,andtheirgovernments,tobringrelieftotheworld'spoorest最為急迫.【難點(diǎn)解析】確定出比較的三要素是這個(gè)句子理解的難點(diǎn),加上no以后就確定出than之后的內(nèi)容是最高級(jí)?！咀g文賞析】毫無疑問,對(duì)西方人來說,沒有什么道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要比相互督促和督促國家給世界上最窮困的地區(qū)帶來救助更重要的了?；?毫無疑問,對(duì)西方人來說相互督促和督促國家給世界上最窮困的地區(qū)帶去救助是最重要的道德原則?！?5.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly：summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs一thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.【詞匯突破】sign標(biāo)志summerhome避暑山莊［主干識(shí)別］peopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssigns【其他成分】nowthanformerly狀語;冒號(hào)后的句子summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs一thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.對(duì)前面主句進(jìn)行解釋?！疚⒂^解析】summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs名詞詞組表示列舉,松散的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。“一”之后thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.對(duì)summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs進(jìn)行解釋;主句中比較對(duì)象為:Now和formerly；比較內(nèi)容為:人們對(duì)這些事物的興趣;比較結(jié)果為:人們的興趣沒有減弱;從句中比較對(duì)象為:today和adecadeortwoyearsago；比較內(nèi)容是:人們對(duì)其的需求程度;比較結(jié)果為:現(xiàn)在的需求也以前的需求是ー樣的?！倦y點(diǎn)解析】出現(xiàn)比較結(jié)構(gòu),而比較中又包含有否定;且出現(xiàn)由標(biāo)點(diǎn)引起的松散句子結(jié)構(gòu),但是在局部的分析中句子結(jié)構(gòu)也是很嚴(yán)密的。【譯文賞析】當(dāng)然,人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)成功及其各種標(biāo)志的興趣似乎并不亞于先前。消夏別囈、歐陸旅行、寶馬車ーー地點(diǎn)、地名以及品牌或許會(huì)有變化,但這類事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不會(huì)亞于ー二十年前。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z54.Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabody，withoutasoulisaman. U【主干識(shí)別］Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahome.H【其他成分】thanabodywithoutasoulisaman狀語從?句 I【難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子難點(diǎn)在于nomorethan結(jié)構(gòu)的］用法: I(1)如果是對(duì)數(shù)量進(jìn)行修飾的時(shí)候,nomorethan!二only,意為“僅僅,只有”,例如:Therearenomore］thantenpeopleintheroom.(房間里只有十個(gè)人。)H（2）在程度上進(jìn)行比較時(shí),nomorethan有“兩者都不”之意,表示說話者主觀上嫌其少（差、不足、不好）等,例如:Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.（這兩本書都沒趣。）也就是說這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)在程度比較的時(shí)候than后面所接的句子或其他成分都受到了前面否定詞no的限制,例如:Icanrunnofasterthanhecan.（我跑的不快,他跑的也不快。）分為兩個(gè)句子為:AhomewithoutloveisnothomeAbodywithoutasoulisnotaman.用nomorethan結(jié)構(gòu)連起來就成了上面的句子。任何固定結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)都是從簡單到復(fù)雜的ー個(gè)過程,任何結(jié)構(gòu)都是可以從最基本的句子成分入手進(jìn)行解析的。【譯文賞析】正像ー個(gè)沒有靈魂的軀體不成其為人,就如二個(gè)沒有愛的家庭不成其為家庭。54.Nowheredo1980censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.【詞匯突破】census人口普查spacious寬敞的（其同根形容詞為spatial和空間有關(guān)的）dramatize體現(xiàn)和表明【主干識(shí)別】1980censusstatisticsdramatizetheAmericansearchforspaciousliving.【其他成分】nowhere狀語,置于句首引起了句子的倒裝;more狀語修飾dramatize；thanintheFarWest狀語。 【微觀解析】比較對(duì)象:任何ー個(gè)地區(qū)和theFarWest；?比較內(nèi)容:對(duì)于美國人渴求寬敞生活的體現(xiàn);比較結(jié)果:在Farwest地區(qū)最能體現(xiàn)。Nowhere既是表明了比較的對(duì)象也表明了比雌雌。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】在對(duì)于比較結(jié)構(gòu)一定要關(guān)注比較的三要素,比較對(duì)象,比較內(nèi)容和比較結(jié)果?！咀g文賞析】1980的人口普查數(shù)據(jù)表明遠(yuǎn)西地區(qū)是對(duì)寬敞住宿條件需求最高的地區(qū)。53.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80's,down-shiftinginthemid90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife—growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyle—asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.【主干識(shí)別】Down-shiftinginthemid-90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlift.【其他成分】Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80's介詞短語作狀喑;growingyourownorganicvegetables,andriskingturningintoone同位語;asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations狀語。【微觀解析】for介詞thewomenofmygeneration名詞whowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe80's定喑從句修飾thewomenofmygeneration〇［難點(diǎn)揭秘】notso（as）much...as這個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)的理解通常理解為:與其說,不如說;例如:Hewasnotsomuchangryasdisappointed.（他與其說憤怒不如說失望。）【譯文賞析】對(duì)于我這三代曾在整個(gè)80年代為生活奔波的女人來說,90年代中期出現(xiàn)的歸隱恬退與其說是我們尋求二種神話般的美好生活（用有機(jī)肥種植蔬菜,并且冒險(xiǎn)去過三種更加簡單和更少物質(zhì)的生活方式）不如說是我們清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到自身能力是有限的。52.Thisdevelopment—anditsstrongimplicationforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead—hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.【詞匯突破】enthrone:使……成為…….（其同近義詞為entitle）densely：密集的nation'sheadcounting:全國人口普查（同census）implication重要意義和重要性,影響【主干識(shí)另リ［thisdeelopmenthasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregion.【其他成分】anditsstrongimplicationforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead插入塔;inyearsahead在未來的幾年中（前面我們有學(xué)到intheyearstocome）；forthefirsttime:介詞短語作狀語,可換為firsly；inthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting時(shí)間狀語。【微觀解析】這個(gè)句子中值得積累的句型為sthhasenthronedsthas…（某物使某物成為 ）【難點(diǎn)揭秘】對(duì)enthorne搭配的掌握以及inyearsahead的理解?！咀g文賞析】這種發(fā)展——以及其對(duì)美國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)在未來幾年的潛在的強(qiáng)有力的影響ーー使得南部在全國人口普查中有史以來首次成為美國人口最密集的地區(qū)。51.Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn'tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.【詞匯突破】appropriate:恰當(dāng)?shù)?合適的liability:責(zé)任（duty,obligation,commitment的同義替換詞） _【主干識(shí)別】itisn”tclearthat+主語從句（it為形式主W【其他成分】whilewarningsareoftenappropriteandnecessaryandmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations讓步狀格從句;thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample.插入語;thattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliability賓語從句;ifacustomerisinjured條件狀語從句?！疚⒂^解析】由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,大的并列可還原為whilewarningsareoften***andmanywarningsarerequired...【難點(diǎn)揭秘】各種從句交織在ー起會(huì)導(dǎo)致主干模糊,其中也包括出現(xiàn)插入語的現(xiàn)象【譯文賞析】盡管警告常常是適當(dāng)而且必須的ー比如對(duì)于藥物相互作用的危險(xiǎn)提出警告ー許多警告還是按州或聯(lián)邦政府規(guī)定要求給出的,然而（我們）并不清楚,如果顧客受到傷害時(shí),這些警告其實(shí)是在使其生產(chǎn)者和銷售者豁免責(zé)任。 _50.But,forasmallgroupofstudents,professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.【詞匯突破】professionaltraining:職業(yè)訓(xùn)練【主干識(shí)另リ】professionaltrainingmightbethewaytogo加原因狀語從句。【其他成分】forasmallgroupofstudents介詞短語做狀語;sincewell-developedskills,allotherfactorsbeingequal,canbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.原因狀語從句。【微觀解析】原因狀語從句的主干為:sinceskillcanbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobornot.allotherfactorsbeingequal獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的插入語,還原為ー個(gè)句子則是:allotherfactorsareequal.【難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是ー個(gè)典型的長短相錯(cuò),利用狀語,插入語將主從句主干分割開來,建議試著仿寫。由于插入語的原因,尋找主干時(shí)需要注意キ從.句各自的主語與動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)。 I【譯文賞析】但是,對(duì)ー個(gè)小部分學(xué)生來說,職業(yè)教?育也是條可取的路徑。因?yàn)樵谄渌蛩叵嗤那闆r下,■技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關(guān)鍵。 I49.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe'Irresistiblemomentumofindividualism^^overthelastcentury.［詞匯突破】irresistible:不可抗拒的（寫作常用句型:sthhasbecomeairresistibletendency.）momentum:勢(shì)頭,趨勢(shì)individualism個(gè)人主義（主干識(shí)別】theshiftispartofthemomentum.【其他成分】awayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle介詞短語做定語修飾shift；observesaFrenchsociologist插入語;overthelastcentury狀語?！疚⒂^解析】注意對(duì)shift進(jìn)行具體描述時(shí)用from…t〇…這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】本句同樣是對(duì)于插入語的識(shí)別:observesaFrenchsociologistsaFrenchsociologistobserves【譯文賞析】ー個(gè)法國社會(huì)學(xué)家觀察到,從家庭生活到獨(dú)居生活的轉(zhuǎn)變是過去ー個(gè)世紀(jì)以來“不可抗拒的獨(dú)立主義動(dòng)カ”的ー個(gè)部分Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.【詞匯突破】fortuning:可觀的（由fortune變化而來）fortune財(cái)富,未來surging:洶涌澎湃的。traffic運(yùn)量（在用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的描述時(shí)表示:流量）cover可以表達(dá)的意思很豐富。例如:.ahourseonedaycancover14miles.（表示走過的距離）.100dollarscouldcovermymonthlyspending.（表示需要的金錢）等,寫作中可運(yùn)用?！局鞲勺R(shí)別】therailroadindustrydoesnotearnenough［其他成分】asawhole定語;despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes插入語（這里的despite可以換為inspiteof）；itmustinvest定語從句（這里省略了that）；tocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic表目的的不定式【微觀解析】thecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic中?itmustinvest為省略了that的定語從句，tokeepupwithitstraffic為定語修飾capital〇句中較長的插入語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為讓步狀語從句:thoughitownsbrighteningfortuningfortunes〇這樣處理不僅有助于分離出主干還可以加強(qiáng)對(duì)不同語法的掌握?！倦y點(diǎn)掲秘】句意比較復(fù)雜,若是不能適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚聿迦胝Z或詐無法準(zhǔn)確快速的掌握句子大意。【譯文賞析】就鐵路工業(yè)整體而言,盡管擁有大好形勢(shì),但它的收入仍舊不可以與資本的消耗相平衡,而這些資本則是為了滿足龐大的交通體系而必須的。（翻譯點(diǎn)撥】多個(gè)后置定語出現(xiàn)時(shí)可以用前置和拆分的方法分別處理49.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday一everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring一meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribe.【詞匯突破】mediocrity：平等,平庸naturalselection:自然選擇off-spring【主干識(shí)別】mediocritymeansthat加賓語從句，主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoff-spring插入語（由"一…一"可判斷出）；thatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspower賓語從句;inupper-middle-classIndia狀語;comparedtothetribe非謂語作狀語?！疚⒂^解析】everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoff-spring這里是將一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格作為ー個(gè)插入語來進(jìn)ー步解釋mediocrity;還原其為ー個(gè)句子則是:Everyoneisthesameinsurvivalandnumberoff-spring.這里的插入語相當(dāng)于是對(duì)mediocrity的解釋,因此在快速閱讀時(shí)可以跳過不看。comparedtothetribe提前到賓語從句開頭的位置可以更通順的翻譯句以【難點(diǎn)揭秘】根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)來判斷插入語,非謂語的靈活運(yùn)用。?！咀g文賞析】當(dāng)今人與人在很大程度上的平等一即面對(duì)自然淘汰法則人人機(jī)會(huì)均等,并且連子嗣的數(shù)目都一樣一這意味著和印度土著部落的情況相比,自然選擇在印度中上層階級(jí)中已喪失了80%的作用?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)于狀語的靈活處理48."Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn1',Hliesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe...”【詞匯突破】WallStreetJournal:華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)latitude：緯度（thewidestpossiblelatitude:盡可能大的自山,寫作中可運(yùn)用。）【主干識(shí)別】thetestliesin加賓語從句?！酒渌煞帧縣ewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn插入語；liesnotin...butin...（是在于而不在于……）,寫作句式,在理解句意時(shí)大可忽略not后的內(nèi)容而關(guān)注but后的內(nèi)容。howwellitcancontrolexpression兵語從句;whetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude賓語從句,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe...讓步狀語從句,注意however的用法在前面狀語部分的第六個(gè)例句有詳細(xì)的飾嬴［微觀解析】賓語從句主干為whetheritgivesfreedomthewidestpossiblelatitude,givesbsth是我們熟悉的表達(dá),但是givesthsth也是同樣可以的。調(diào)整插入語的位置可較容易的找到句「主干し要消優(yōu)not…but…結(jié)構(gòu)屮強(qiáng)調(diào)的but后面的內(nèi)容,同時(shí)準(zhǔn)確把握從句的主:屋【難點(diǎn)揭秘】特殊的句式,較長的從句會(huì)使句子理解起來比較困難?！驹S文賞析】“對(duì)任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的考驗(yàn),”他在《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》的一個(gè)號(hào)欄文れ中寫到,“不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種熹見的袤達(dá),而在于這個(gè)社會(huì)是否能給予思考和表達(dá)以盡可能廣泛的自由,不管有時(shí)候可能造成的結(jié)果是多么的富有爭議或令人不快”。47.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.【詞匯突破】depletion:消耗（consume的同義替換詞）ozonelayer:臭氧層（碰到這種專業(yè)詞匯不要慌張,判斷出它是ー個(gè)名詞即可）【主干識(shí)別】theenemiesarethose加定語從句【其他成分】arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity插入語,相當(dāng)于上一句中的saysHofstadter,ofStanfordUniversity做定語修飾PaulEhrlich：apioneerofenvironmentalstudies：插入語;whoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth定暗從句修飾those〇【微觀解析】apioneerofenvironmentalstudies插入語,改寫為whoisapioneerofenvironmentalstudies就很斷飾PaulEhrlichW>ffijjt@o^SAVoj+jupportingglobalwarming作evidence的定語（仍舊是修飾形式的變化）。I【難點(diǎn)揭秘】在這個(gè)句子中,關(guān)于PaulEhrlich的修飾成分作為插入語造成了主干隔離。句子的后半部分,定語從句中修飾evidence的定語以非謂語的形式出現(xiàn)。另外由于插入語的存在可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致判斷主黃的包從而句意理解錯(cuò)誤。【譯文賞析】環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)、斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅?6?1厄爾里西認(rèn)為,科學(xué)真正的敵人是Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.【詞匯突破】democratic:民主的populist:平民主義的【主干識(shí)別:】ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanything+定席從句【其他成分】saysHofstadter插入語;ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenusto...ロ［提煉出sthhasdrivensbtod〇…這個(gè)句型;thatsmellsofelitism定語從句,修飾anything〇（注意smell的介詞搭配）【微觀解析】若是覺得插入語干擾了正常的理解,可將這個(gè)句子變?yōu)镠ofstadteraid「Fromthebeginningofourhistory,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenusto

rejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism〇”這樣的由直接引語構(gòu)成的賓語從句會(huì)降低句子的難度【難點(diǎn)揭秘】靈活的利用插入語改變句式是這個(gè)句子給我們的啟示?！咀g文賞析】Hofstadter說,從我們的歷史一開始,我英主義色彩的東西This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.【詞匯突破】discrimination：歧視^^Halphabet：字母表【主干識(shí)另リ】Thisreferstodiscriminationagainstthose加定語從句【其他成分】forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage：插入語,可改寫為:forthosewhoareunawareofsuchadisadvantageasyet理解起來會(huì)方便彳艮多;asyet至今;whosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet定語從句?！疚⒂^解析】若是對(duì)于句中的插入語理解起來有困難,不妨試著改變它的句式結(jié)構(gòu),將長定語還原為定語從句,而這種方法的逆向思維可以與寫作相結(jié)合,使文章的句式更加靈活多變。 【難點(diǎn)揭秘】較長插入語的出現(xiàn)會(huì)混淆視聽,不容易把握主干