第六講:被動語態(tài)ー、【考點解讀】動詞的被動語態(tài)是中學英語語法的ー個重要內(nèi)容,因此在小升初英語考試中作為銜接內(nèi)容而出現(xiàn),對于準初中生而言是難點和易錯點。因此希望小升初的學生能認真結(jié)合解讀,仔細把握被動語態(tài)的學習要領(lǐng),結(jié)合小升初的最新模擬真題,做到融會貫通,舉一反三。二、【知識講解】知識點1——被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。ー、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語動詞的被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)量保持一致，并有時態(tài)的變化。例如:Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.二、被動語態(tài)的用法(1)動作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態(tài)。例如:Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.(2)當動作的承受者比起動作的執(zhí)行者來說更能引起人們的關(guān)心而需要加以強調(diào)時，要用被動語態(tài)。例如:Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.(3)含有雙賓語的句子,主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的一個主語,另一個保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動句中的直接賓語在變?yōu)殚g接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。例如:Thepianistgavethepupils(間接賓語)someadvice(直接賓語)—>Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.—Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.(4)在主動語態(tài)句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態(tài)時后面的不定式都須加上to。例如:Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday. —>Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse. —>Hewasseentoenterthehouse.三、被動語態(tài)中謂語動詞的原形是be+donebe隨著時態(tài)的變化而發(fā)生變化。以下是主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)中謂語動詞的形式:名稱主動語態(tài)謂語動詞形式被動語態(tài)謂語動詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)v/vsAm/is/are+done一般過去時態(tài)VedWas/were+done一般將來時態(tài)Will+vWillbe+done現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)Am/is/are+vingAm/is/are+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)Have/has+過去分詞Have/hasbeen+done2)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)can(not)may(not)+dosth+bedonemust(not)常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu):Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought )that 大家同意(相信、決定、希望、認為)……Itis(was)wellknownthat 眾所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat 被視為當然Itmustberememberedthat 務(wù)必記住 Itmustn'tbeforgottenthat 千萬另リ忘記 Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that......據(jù)說(報道、聽說、告知、建議......)注意以下幾種被動語態(tài)的特殊情況:-.帶有感官動詞和使役動詞的句子如何變被動語態(tài)動詞主動形式被動形式letletsbdosth（sb）belettodosthmakemakesbdosth（sb）bemadetodosthseeseesbdosth（sb）beseentodosthwatchwatchsbdosth（sb）bewatchedtodosthhearhearsbdosth（sb）beheardtodosth二.有些動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。（及物動詞オ有被動語態(tài)）1）不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài):appear,die,disappear,end（vi.結(jié)束），fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.2）系動詞無被動語態(tài):appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3）不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語:fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto4）系動詞無被動語態(tài):appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5）當賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。Iwanttogonow.三,主動表示被動的幾種情況1）有些不及物動詞形式上為主動,但是表示被動含義。這本書銷路很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本小說讀起來很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell.肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.此類詞還有l(wèi)ock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些進行時,形式上主動,但含被動之意。Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.3)介詞短語作表語,主動表示被動。Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.三、【典例探究】【例題】:()1.TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears.Aareheld Bwereheld C.areholdingD.willhold()2.Intheartshow,alotoflaughtertoforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.A.isgiving Bwasgiven Cwillgive Dhasgive()3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Itinmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaughtD.istaught()4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,as“People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards()5.UsuallycomputerstosearchtheInternet.A.use B.areusingC.areusedD.used()6.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.ourclassroomeveryday.A.itcleans B.wearecleans C.weclean一般現(xiàn)在時“答案］A〇［解析］考查被動語態(tài),根據(jù)句意,“奧運會每四年舉行ー次’’可見須用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),故排除了B、C、D。2［答案］B。［解析］本題考查被動語態(tài),句中alotofenjoyment是動作的承受者?！霸谶@次藝術(shù)展中,一些有趣的東西通過中國國畫展示給外國朋友?！?［答案］D。［解析］考查被動語態(tài)。物作主語,一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性,不能用被動語態(tài)。4［答案］A。［解析］選用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，表示人們對這位偉大作家的愛戴。

5［答案1C。［解析］從句子看,電腦作主語,是動作的承受者,所以用被動語態(tài),故選C。6［答案］C。［解析］考查被動語態(tài)物作主語,一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性,不能用被動語態(tài)。()7.—DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmellsterrible?—Yes.Infact,it.That'sallbecauseofthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspollute()8.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.—You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoretoprotect(保護)theearth.A.isstarted B.wasstarted C.hasstarted()9.Weintofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.A.divided B.aredivided C.weredivided一般過去時7［答案］B?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。物作主語,一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性,不能用被動語態(tài)。8［答案］B。［解析］從句意:“……自從’地球日’開始以來,人們已做了一些越來越有用的事保護環(huán)境」’可知,“地球日”的開始,要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),其構(gòu)成為wasstarted故選B09［答案］C。［解析］本題主要考查被動語態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意及語境可推知空格處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)的形式。由后一句"Wedidmanythings 可推斷，時態(tài)應(yīng)該是一般過去時。因此選C。四、【課堂運用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習1］I.Choosethebestanswer.(選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?Over$30,000forachildren'hospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A)israised B)wasraised C)willberaisedD)hasbeenraisedI'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmokingverysoon.A)madeB)willmakeC)weremadeD)willbemade

A)madeB)willmakeC)weremadeD)willbemadeManyhousesinthebigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!A)weredamaged B)damage C)weredamaging D)damagedThatbuildingispartofShanghai'shistory.Itmanyyearsago.A)built B)builds C)isbuilt D)wasbuiltManyoldhousesaroundourschoolnextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A)pulldown B)willbepulleddownC)willpulldownD)arepulleddownWhenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor.A)waslocked B)islocked C)willbelockedD)shouldbelockedHalfoftheBeijing'sprivatecarsofftheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.A)order B)areordered C)ordered D)wereorderedThegirlshowtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell..A)weretaught B)willbetaught C)aretaught D)havebeentaughtTomandhissistertothebarbecuelastSaturday.Theywereveryhappy.A)haveinvitedB)wereinvitedC)wereinvitingD)invited—Doyoubelievetherearealiens?—I'mafraidnot.Idon'tthinkaliensinspace.A)canfind B)canbefoundC)canbefoundedD)can'tbefoundFewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilittwiceorthreetimes.A)explainsB)isexplained C)willbeexplainedD)hasexplained一PeoplesaythesubwaybuildinginHarbininafewyears.—Sounds.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.A)willfinish;interesting B)isfinished;interestedC)willbefinished;interesting D)wouldbefinished;interesting—Iwanttoknowwhenhaveafieldtrip.一We'llhaveitwhenallthework.A)youare;willfinishB)youwill;finishes

A)youare;willfinishB)youwill;finishesC)youwill;isfinishedD)youwill;isfinishC)youwill;isfinishedD)youwill;isfinishOh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit?A)built B)wasbuilt C)hasbuilt D)hasbeenbuilt—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.一I'msorry,butIwhentomeet.A)don'ttell B)didn'ttell C)haven'ttold D)wasn'ttoldThethiefonthescenewhenhewastryingtogetawaywiththenecklace.A)willbecaughtB)iscaught C)wascaught D)hasbeencaughtBlackteainChinaduringtheMingDynastyasawaytokeepteafresh.A)invented B)wasinventedC)isinvented D)isinventing【答案】B;2.D;3.A;4.D5.B;6.B;7.D;8.A;9.B;10.B;11.B;12.C;13.C;14.B;15.D;16.C;17.B【練習2]I.Fillintheblankwiththegivenverbinthepassivevoice.YangpuBridge(build)in1993.Moremoney(spend)oneducationnextyear.Alotofwater(waste)everyyear.It'saseriousproblem.Thenewspapersaidmoregoodteachers(send)toYunnansometimenextyear.Whenwegottothetop,thesunhadrisen.Therewe(tell)tobeearlierthenexttime.“Remember,nobody(allow)tocatordrinkinthecomputerroom,"theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.Largeamountsofinformation(store)inthecomputer.Bythetimehegotthere,thecar(paint).Thewoundedsoldiers(operate)onnow.Hundredsofthebooks(borrow)fromthelibraryinthepastthreedays.11.1(tell)thatJimwouldcomebackfromNewYorkintwodays.Themanagersaidtheprojectbytheendoftheyear,(complete)Theworkerstoldmethatthecarassoonaspossible.(mend)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketsout.(sell)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath.Hetobeagreatleader,(consider)Aftertheparty,someofthestudentspickedupalltherubbishthatonthefloorofthehall,(drop)Heisoftenmadethetableafterdinner,(clean)【答案】1.wasbuilt;2,willbespent;3,iswasted4.wouldbesent;5.aretold;6.isallowed;7.isstored8.hadbeenpainted;9.areoperated;10.havebeenborrowed;11.wastold12.wouldbecompleted/wouldhavebeencompleted;13.wouldbemended;14.hadbeensold;15.hadbeenconsidered;16.hadbeendropped;17.toclean【鞏固】【練習1】ThePeople'sRepublicofChina onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfoundEnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspokenThisEnglishsong bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensungThiskindofcar inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismadeNewcomputers allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused答案1-5BDDDC【練習2】Ourroommust clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep-Fdliketobuythatcoat.-Fmsorry. .A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensoldAnewhouse atthecomeroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuildingThekey onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleftDoctors ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneedHisnewbook nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished答案:16BCBBCA【拔高】【練習1]Japanese ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeakingThesepapers yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwrittenThesportsmeet behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't答案1-3ABB【練習2]-Myshoesarewornout..A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Arethesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do答案1-3ABA五、【課后鞏固】【習題1]Why totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theldWhowasthebook ?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenbyWhere theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am答案:1-3BDB【習題2】.—Howlongatthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed.——Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakewasdestroyingthemTheydestroyedintheearthquakeTheearthquakedestroyedthem3.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto4.—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltneedonemorestampbeforemycollection.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedAllthepreparationsforthetask,andwe'rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompletedHundredsofjobsifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willloseAnewcinemahere.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuiltAftertheclass,thestudentswentoutoftheclassroomonebyone,butonlyMary.A.leftB.hadleftC.wasleavingD.wasleftTheteachertoldthestudentsthattheytobeusefulmentothecountry.A.wereallexpectedB.wereallexpectingC.allwereexpectedD.allexpectedHeinashowerlastnightandgotwetthrough.A.caughtB.wascaughtC.hadcaughtD.caughtupThethiefwhenhewasstealingawalletfromawoman.A.happenedtonoticeB.wastakenplacetonoticeC.washappenedtobenoticedD.happenedtobenoticedHeandwasmadetorepeatit.A.didn'tunderstandB.didn'tbeunderstoodC.wasn'tunderstandD.wasn'tunderstoodThepupilshereallkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfewweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing一WhatwereyoudoingwhenTomcametoseeyou?—Ionmyovercoatandtovisitafriendofmine.A.havejustput;leavingB.wasput;wasleftC.hadjustput;wasleavingD.wasputting;leftTheysaidgood-bye,hardlyknowingthattheyagain.A.werenevermetB.willnevermeetC.nevermetD.werenevertomeet—Whathappenedtothepostman?一Idon*tknow.Hearoundhereforalongtime.A.hasn'tseenB.didn'tseeC.wasn'tseenD.hasn'tbeenseenDon'tgetthatinkonyourshirt,forit.A.won'twashoutB.won'tbewashedoutC.isn'twashedoutD.doesn'twashaway一DoyouknowanyoneinParis?—No.I'llmakefriendsonce.A.I'msettledB.IhavesettledC.I'llbesettledD.I'msettlingNothavingfinishedhishomework,towatchTV.A.MotherforbadehimB.sohewasforbiddenC.andhewantedD.hewasforbidden—Bob,youonthephone.A.areneeded;I'mcomingB.arewanted;ComingC.arecalled;I'llcomeD.arerungup;ThanksE-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isbeingplayedB.areplayingC.haveplayedD.isplayingJacksontoworkingovernmentofficethoughhehatedservingthere.A.wantedB.waswantedC.waswantingD.hadwantedYourcoughoughtbeforeitgetsworse.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.toseetoD.tobeseento—I'mgoingawayfortheweekend.一Butyouyououttodinnerwithme.A.say;willcomeB.say;cameC.said;wouldcomeD.havesaid;willmade

don'tknowwhatdecisionsattheconferenceasJohnhasn'treportedtomeyet.A.wouldmakeB.willmakeC.aremadeD.weremade—Wouldyouhavecometohishelp,hadyoubeenfree?—Yes.ButIengaged.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe答案:LB從答語Since1990我們可以知道,說話人問的是一段時間,since表示“從過去ー直到現(xiàn)在”，因此本空用現(xiàn)在完成時。A本題考查時態(tài)語態(tài)與習慣表達。第一個說話人問的是發(fā)生在thepricelessworksofart的事情,因此回答時為了有所側(cè)重,將they放在主語的位置上,they與destroy間為被動關(guān)系,在這里敘述過去的事情,因此最佳答案是A。A在真實條件狀語從句中,主句應(yīng)用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。還要注意citynoises和keep是被動關(guān)系C從形式上看,該句很像是被動語態(tài),結(jié)果選D的考生有一些。而實際上feel是摸起來的意思,與后面的soft是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。作為此意講時,feel沒有被動語態(tài),也不可用作進行時,故A、D、B項不可選。本題區(qū)分度為0.357,通過率為35%。D該題的考查目標是時間狀語從句中時態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。從原題的主句時態(tài)看出,從句中應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。而complete與collection構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,所以用被動語態(tài)。故D最佳。本題區(qū)分度為0.451,通過率為41%。DAllthepreparations與complete之間應(yīng)為被動關(guān)系,故排除A、B。依據(jù)we'rereadytostart,故排除C。7.B此題是在if引起一個狀語從句中,從句用現(xiàn)在時,主句中用一般將來時,而且句意為被動,故B為最佳。D從后面的提示看,這項工程沒有完工,故應(yīng)正在建設(shè)之中,而且是被動語態(tài),故D為最佳。Dleave既可作”離開”解,又可作”留下“解。本題明顯含有”Mary被留在教室里(bytheteacher)”之意。A此句用被動語態(tài),表示“他們被期待、被指望……二all常置于be動詞或第一個助動詞之后。B表示”淋雨“、“碰上陣雨”時,若"雨”作主語,用主動形式,動詞用catch;若”人”作主語,

則用becaughtin結(jié)構(gòu)。Dhappen,takeplace不用于被動語態(tài),但happento（碰巧）之后的不定式可以用被動語態(tài)。本題的notice與主語thief是動賓關(guān)系,故用不定式的被動形式。D從He...wasmadetorepeatit可推斷他的話未被理解,故用被動形式。Dkeepsb.busydoingssth.表示”使某人忙于”,完成時的被動形式應(yīng)為havebeenkeptbusydoingsth.〇C前ー個動作在"Tom來看”時已完成,后ー個正要去做。Dwere（was）todosth.表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的事。D從時間狀語foralongtime可知,到說話時為止長時間沒見到郵遞員了。故用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。A"won'twashout"意思是"不會洗掉"。用來說明主語的特征。Asettle作"安家"解時,既可用settle,也可用besettled。本題是由once即（一旦）引起的時間狀語從句,故用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。D本題前半部分是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時作原因狀語。根據(jù)分詞作狀語,其邏輯主語必須與句子主語相一致的原則,排除A。B、C兩項分別有連詞so和and,故不對。B"有你的電話"英語應(yīng)說youarewantedonthetelephone〇答語用coming表示"我就來（=I*mcoming.）',Daswellas連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)和aswellas前的主語一致。B盡管Jackson不愿意在政府部門工作,但是政府部門卻相中了他。D題意為"趁著咳嗽得不很厲害,你應(yīng)該馬上就醫(yī)オ是。"C因為主句的謂語動詞用的是過去時態(tài),所以從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)該用過去時態(tài)的ー種,這里是間接引語形式。Dmake與decisions是動賓關(guān)系，attheconference告訴我們，（會上）作出決定已成事實,只不過John尚未報告究竟作出什么樣的決定,故本題用過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。A此題的關(guān)鍵是but,Iwasengaged意思是"我當時很忙。"第六講:被動語態(tài)三、【考點解讀】動詞的被動語態(tài)是中學英語語法的ー個重要內(nèi)容,因此在小升初英語考試中作為銜接內(nèi)容而出現(xiàn),對于準初中生而言是難點和易錯點。因此希望小升初的學生能認真結(jié)合解讀,仔細把握被動語態(tài)的學習要領(lǐng),結(jié)合小升初的最新模擬真題,做到融會貫通,舉一反三。四、【知識講解】知識點1——被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成英語動詞的被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)量保持一致，并有時態(tài)的變化。例如:Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.二、被動語態(tài)的用法(1)動作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態(tài)。例如:Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.(2)當動作的承受者比起動作的執(zhí)行者來說更能引起人們的關(guān)心而需要加以強調(diào)時，要用被動語態(tài)。例如:Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.(3)含有雙賓語的句子,主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的一個主語,另一個保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動句中的直接賓語在變?yōu)殚g接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。例如:Thepianistgavethepupils(間接賓語)someadvice(直接賓語)—>Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.—Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.(4)在主動語態(tài)句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態(tài)時后面的不定式都須加上to。例如:Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday. —>Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse. —>Hewasseentoenterthehouse.三、被動語態(tài)中謂語動詞的原形是be+donebe隨著時態(tài)的變化而發(fā)生變化。以下是主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)中謂語動詞的形式:名稱主動語態(tài)謂語動詞形式被動語態(tài)謂語動詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)v/vsAm/is/are+done一般過去時態(tài)VedWas/were+done一般將來時態(tài)Will+vWillbe+done現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)Am/is/are+vingAm/is/are+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)Have/has+過去分詞Have/hasbeen+done3)情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)can(not)may(not)+dosth+bedonemust(not)常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu):Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought )that 大家同意(相信、決定、希望、認為)……Itis(was)wellknownthat 眾所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat 被視為當然Itmustberememberedthat 務(wù)必記住 Itmustn'tbeforgottenthat 千萬另リ忘記 Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that......據(jù)說(報道、聽說、告知、建議......)注意以下幾種被動語態(tài)的特殊情況:二,帶有感官動詞和使役動詞的句子如何變被動語態(tài)動詞主動形式被動形式letletsbdosth（sb）belettodosthmakemakesbdosth（sb）bemadetodosthseeseesbdosth（sb）beseentodosthwatchwatchsbdosth（sb）bewatchedtodosthhearhearsbdosth（sb）beheardtodosth二.有些動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。（及物動詞オ有被動語態(tài)）1）不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài):appear,die,disappear,end（vi.結(jié)束），fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.2）系動詞無被動語態(tài):appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3）不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語:fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto4）系動詞無被動語態(tài):appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5）當賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。Iwanttogonow.三,主動表示被動的幾種情況1）有些不及物動詞形式上為主動,但是表示被動含義。這本書銷路很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本小說讀起來很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell.肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.此類詞還有l(wèi)ock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些進行時,形式上主動,但含被動之意。Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.3)介詞短語作表語,主動表示被動。Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.三、【典例探究】【例題】:()1.TheOlympicGameseveryfouryears.Aareheld Bwereheld C.areholdingD.willhold)2.Intheartshow,alotoflaughtertoforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.A.isgiving Bwasgiven Cwillgive Dhasgive)3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Itinmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaughtD.istaught()4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards()5.UsuallycomputerstosearchtheInternet.use B.areusingC.areusedD.used()6.—Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.ourclassroomeveryday.itcleans B.wearecleans C.weclean一般現(xiàn)在時“答案］A〇［解析］考查被動語態(tài),根據(jù)句意,“奧運會每四年舉行ー次’’可見須用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),故排除了B、C、D。2［答案］B。［解析］本題考查被動語態(tài),句中alotofenjoyment是動作的承受者?！霸谶@次藝術(shù)展中,一些有趣的東西通過中國國畫展示給外國朋友?！?［答案］D。［解析］考查被動語態(tài)。物作主語,一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性,不能用被動語態(tài)。4［答案］A。［解析］選用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，表示人們對這位偉大作家的愛戴。

5［答案1C。［解析］從句子看,電腦作主語,是動作的承受者,所以用被動語態(tài),故選C。6［答案］C。［解析］考查被動語態(tài)物作主語,一般要考慮被動語態(tài)。但如果動詞指的是物的特性,不能用被動語態(tài)。()7.—DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmellsterrible?—Yes.Infact,it.That'sallbecauseofthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspollute()8.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.—You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay,peoplehavedonemoreandmoretoprotect(保護)theearth.B.isstarted B.wasstarted C.hasstarted()9.Weintofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.A.divided B.aredivided C.weredivided一般過去時7［答案］B