書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寶雞三和職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.Ofcourse,itwillbeanswered,publicandacademiclibrarieswillwantthenewvolume.Afterall,itadds1,068livesofpeoplewhoescapedthenetoftheoriginalcompilers.Yetin10years’timearevisedversionofthewholecaboodle,calledtheNewDictionaryofNationalBiography,willbepublished.Itseditor,ProfessorColinMatthew,tellsmethathewillhaveroomforabout50,000lives,some13,000morethaninthecurrentDNB.Thisratherputsthe1,068inMissingPersonsintheshade.

WhenDr.NichollswrotetotheSpectatorin1989askingfornamesofpeoplewhomreadershadlookedupintheDNBandhadbeendisappointednottofind,shesaysthatshereceivedsome100,000suggestions.(Well,shehadwrittento“otherqualitynewspapers”too.)Assoonashercommitteehadwhittledthenumbersdown,theprofessionalproblemsofaneditorbegan.Contributorsdidn’tfilecopyontime;somewhodidsenttoomany:50,000wordsinsteadof500isarecord,accordingtoDr.Nicholls.

Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.Criminalsweremyinitialworry.Afterall,theoriginaleditionoftheDNBboasted.Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).

ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.

OfHugoofBuryStEdmunds,a12th-centuryilluminatorwhosedatesofbirthanddeatharenotrecorded,hisbiographercomments:“WhetherornotHugowasawall-painter,therecordsofhisactivitiesascarverandmanuscriptpainterattesttohisversatility(多才多藝).”Thentherehadtobemorewomen,too(12percent,againsttheoriginalDBNs3),suchasRoyStrong’ssubject,theTudorpainterLevinaTeerlinc,ofwhomheremarks:“Hermostcharacteristicfeatureisaheadattachedtoatoosmall,spindlybody.Hertechniqueremainedawkward,thinandoftencursory.”Doesn’tseemtoqualifyherasamemorableartist.YetitmaybebetterthantherecordoftheoriginalDNB,whichincludedlivesofpeoplewhoneverexisted(suchasMerlin).

1.Thewritersuggeststhatthereisnosenseinbuyingthelatestvolume_______

2.OntheissueofwhoshouldbeincludedintheDNB,thewriterseemstosuggestthat_______

3.CrippenwasabsentfromtheDNB_______.

4.Theauthorquotedafewentireinthelastparagraphto______.

5.Throughoutthepassage,thewriter’stonetowardstheDNBwas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becauseitisnotworththeprice.

B.becauseithasfewerentriesthanbefore.

C.unlessonehasallthevolumesinhiscollection.

D.unlessanexpandedDNBwillcomeoutshortly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theeditorshadclearrulestofollow.

B.thereweretoomanycriminalsintheentries.

C.theeditorsclearlyfavoredbenefactors.

D.theeditorswereirrationalintheirchoices.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.becauseheescapedtotheU.S.

B.becausedeathsentencehadbeenabolished

C.forreasonsnotclarified

D.becauseoftheeditors’mistake

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.illustratesomefeaturesoftheDNB

B.giveemphasistohisargument

C.impressthereaderwithitscontent

D.highlightthepeopleintheMiddleAges

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.complimentary

B.supportive

C.sarcastic

D.bitter

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段開頭“Whyshouldanyonebuythelatestvolumeintheever-expandingDictionaryofNationalBiography?Idonotmeanthatitisbad,asthereviewerswillagree.Butitwillcostyou65pounds.Andhaveyougottherestofvolumes?Youneedthebasic22plusthelargelydecennialsupplementstobringthetotalto31.（人們?yōu)槭裁匆徺I不斷增補(bǔ)的《全國名人傳記辭典》的最新一卷？我并不是像那些評(píng)論家一樣認(rèn)為這本辭典不好。但是，它的價(jià)格高達(dá)65英鎊，而且，你買了其他卷冊(cè)了嗎？你需要22卷基礎(chǔ)冊(cè)，加上每兩年出版的增訂卷，要買齊整套書就要買31冊(cè)。）”，由此可知這本辭典每兩年都要出增補(bǔ)卷，除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義，所以C選項(xiàng)“除非你收藏了所有的書”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗恢颠@個(gè)價(jià)”也是原因之一，卻不是主要原因；B選項(xiàng)“相比之前的版本，它收錄的詞條更少”與原文意思不符；D選項(xiàng)“除非增訂版名人傳記縮短出版時(shí)間”在文章中沒有提及。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thereremainsthedinner-partygameofwho’sin,who’sout.Thatisagamethatthereviewershaveplayedandwillcontinuetoplay.（關(guān)于錄取誰的問題，這是讀者提出的問題，并且他們還將提出這樣的問題。）”；“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinterest...Crippenisout.（罪犯的入選讓人擔(dān)心……但是Crippen卻沒有當(dāng)作值得一提的人物收錄其中）”；和第四段“ItissurprisingtofindMaxMillerexcludedwhenreallynotverymemorablenamesgetin.Therehasbeenaconsciousefforttoputinartistsandarchitectsfromthemiddleages.Abouttheirlivesnotmuchisalwaysknown.（令人驚訝的是，麥克斯?米勒被排除在名單之外，而這些名字實(shí)在不太容易記住。從中世紀(jì)開始，很多生平不詳?shù)乃囆g(shù)家和建筑師就有意識(shí)被收錄其中。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“編輯在選錄人選上沒有合理的依據(jù)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“編輯們有明確的規(guī)則要遵守”文章沒有提到；B選項(xiàng)“條目中有太多的罪犯”說法錯(cuò)誤，雖然文中有提到條目中有收錄罪犯，但那只是作者為了闡述編輯們選錄人選沒有依據(jù)的一個(gè)例子，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“編輯們顯然偏愛捐助者”可定位到文章第三段“Malefactorswhosecrimesexciteapermanentinteresthavereceivedhardlylessattentionthanbenefactors.（罪犯的入選讓人擔(dān)心，他們受到的關(guān)注不亞于捐助者。）”，此處是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)人們對(duì)罪犯入選的關(guān)注不亞于捐助者，并不是強(qiáng)調(diào)編輯們偏愛捐助者，C選項(xiàng)不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Mr.JohnGrossclearlyhadsimilaranxieties,forhecomplainsthat,whilethemurdererChristieisin,Crippenisout.OnemightsayinreplythattheinjusticeofthehangingofEvansinsteadofChristie(entryinMissingPersons)notes.ButthenCrippenwasreputedasthefirstmurderertobecaughtbytelegraphy(hehadtriedtoescapebyshiptoAmerica).（約翰?格羅斯顯然也有類似的焦慮，因?yàn)樗г拐f，雖然兇手Christie上榜，但Crippen出局了。有人可能會(huì)回答說，絞死Evans而不是在失蹤人口的條目上的Christie是不公正的。但后來克里朋被認(rèn)為是第一個(gè)被電報(bào)抓獲的殺人犯，他曾試圖乘船逃往美國。）”。作者舉出Crippen的例子，正是為了說明Crippen應(yīng)該被收錄進(jìn)名人傳記，結(jié)果卻沒有，作者自己也沒有找出原因，因此C選項(xiàng)“原因不明”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗拥搅嗣绹闭f法錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)第三段最后一句話可知他只是試圖逃到美國，并沒有成功；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗佬桃驯粡U除”和D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榫庉嫷腻e(cuò)誤”文章均未提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。作者在最后一段提到了辭典中包括的幾個(gè)生平不詳，而且是他認(rèn)為被莫名其妙地收錄辭典的人，用以說明他在第四段提到的觀點(diǎn)，即編輯在收錄人選時(shí)沒有合理的依據(jù)。所以B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)他的觀點(diǎn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“舉例說明DNB的一些特征”不符合段意；C選項(xiàng)“打動(dòng)讀者的內(nèi)容”和D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)中世紀(jì)的人”都與文章意思不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。結(jié)合文章，可知作者全文都在批評(píng)名人傳記一書，如第一段作者說道“除非你全部都買了，否則購買最新一卷就沒有意義”，由此表示他覺得沒有必要購買此書；又如后面作者提到該辭典的編輯在收錄人選時(shí)沒有合理的依據(jù)等等，都在表示作者對(duì)該書充滿諷刺與批評(píng)。A選項(xiàng)“稱贊的”；B選項(xiàng)“支持的”；C選項(xiàng)“諷刺的”；D選項(xiàng)“充滿仇恨的”。由此可知C選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.單選題

Themotherseparatedthequarrellingchildren,andgaveeachofthemasharp______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.punch

B.pinch

C.puppy

D.pumpkin

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.punch重拳擊打，吸引力B.pinch捏，掐

C.puppy小狗，幼犬D.pumpkin南瓜

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由前半句意思“母親把吵鬧的孩子們分開”可知，gaveeachofthemasharp______中的空格應(yīng)該表示與“教訓(xùn)”相近的意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)程度太深，不符合這里的語境；

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】母親把吵鬧的孩子們分開，并狠狠地掐了他們一下。

3.單選題

（

）inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Judgedthebest

B.Judgingthebest

C.Tobejudgedthebest

D.Havingjudgedthebest

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。動(dòng)詞judge和句子主語thethreestudents是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，后面有完整的主謂賓，所以使用表示被動(dòng)意義的過去分詞。排除B，D選項(xiàng)。由于judge表示的動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)詞award之前，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)C，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thesoldierwas（）ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scolded

B.charged

C.accused

D.punished

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)scolded“責(zé)罵；叱罵”，B選項(xiàng)charged“指責(zé)；控訴”，C選項(xiàng)accused“控告；指控”，D選項(xiàng)punished“懲罰”；beaccusedof“被指控；被控告犯有……”，其他的選項(xiàng)是沒有這個(gè)搭配的，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：這名士兵被指控在敵人進(jìn)攻時(shí)逃跑。

5.單選題

Hewascockyandbrashandself-mocking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insuperable

B.gawky

C.preachy

D.conceited

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insuperable“不能克服的，無敵的”；B選項(xiàng)gawky“笨拙的，魯鈍的”；C選項(xiàng)preachy“愛講道的，愛嘮叨的”；D選項(xiàng)conceited“自負(fù)的，狂想的，逞能的”。句意：他傲慢自大，自以為是。Brash“無禮的，傲慢的，倉促的，性急的”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Tous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainstrain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun.

Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,waybackintheeleventhcenturyBC.

WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthority.IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices.

InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasymbolofpowerandauthority.By1680,theumbrellaappearedinFranceandlateroninEngland.

Bytheeighteenthcentury,theumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen’sumbrellasbegantobemadeinawholevarietyofcolors.

1.Thefirstuseofumbrellawasas（）.

2.（）werethepeoplewhofirstusedumbrellas.

3.Theumbrellawasusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassages?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protectionagainstrain

B.ashadeagainstthesun

C.asymbolofpower

D.asymbolofhonor

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Chinese

B.Romans

C.Greeks

D.Egyptians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inEuropeinthe18thcentury

B.inancientEgyptandBabylon

C.intheFarEastinancienttimes

D.duringtheMiddleAges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenenjoyusingumbrellaswithvariedkindsofcolorsnowadays.

B.Theinventoroftheumbrellaisunknown.

C.Onceordinarypeoplehadnorighttouseumbrellas.

D.Umbrellaswerepopularandcheapinancienttimes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhenWastheUmbrellaInvented?

B.TheHistoryofUmbrella

C.Umbrella-ASymbolofHonor

D.WhoUsedUmbrellaFirst?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Butactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainstrain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun(實(shí)際上，傘的發(fā)明不是為了躲雨。它的第一個(gè)用途是為了遮蔽太陽)。因此選B項(xiàng)“遮蔽太陽”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,waybackintheeleventhcenturyB.C(可能，第一個(gè)使用傘的人是中國人，可以追溯到公元前11世紀(jì))，因此選A項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighoffices(在古代遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)，只允許皇室的人或者身居高位的人使用傘)，因此選C項(xiàng)“在古代遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)”。

4.判斷推理題。A:如今，女性享用各色的傘。最后一句指出:Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomen’sumbrellasbegantobemadeinawholevarietyofcolors(直到二十世紀(jì)，婦女雨傘才開始有各種各樣的顏色)，因此A項(xiàng)正確。B:傘的發(fā)明者不知道是誰，第二段第一句指出:Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit...(不知道最初誰發(fā)明了傘)，因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:曾經(jīng)，普通人沒有權(quán)利使用傘，第三段倒數(shù)第二句指出:Andagainitwasconsideredasymbolofpowerandauthority(雨傘再次被認(rèn)為是權(quán)力和權(quán)威的象征)。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:雨傘在古代很流行也很便宜。此項(xiàng)在文中并未有所體現(xiàn)。因此選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要談及傘的歷史發(fā)展，和傘在古代的使用人群等，以及傘的使用現(xiàn)狀。因此B項(xiàng)“傘的歷史”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

7.單選題

Theplantsareina(n)（）plasticbox,sothechildrencanobservehowtherootsgrowwithtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appropriate

B.intricate

C.transparent

D.waterproof

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appropriate“合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；B選項(xiàng)intricate“復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜的”；C選項(xiàng)transparent“透明的，顯然的”；D選項(xiàng)waterproof“防水的”。句意：這些植物被放在一個(gè)（）的塑料盒子里，這樣孩子們就可以觀察它們的根是怎么隨著時(shí)間的推移生長的。通過后半句的“孩子可以觀察它的生長”可以得出，這個(gè)盒子應(yīng)該是“透明的”才能便于孩子觀察，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.

AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,”saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehavior.Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.

However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensintheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.

1.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?

2.Whyarethesalesofmicrowavesexpectedtorise?

3.WhatrecommendationdoesthestudybytheUniversityofManchestermake?

4.WhatdoesProfessorDavidReaytrytoargue?

5.WhatdoesProfessorDavidReaythinkoftheuseofmicrowaves?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Quick-cookingmicrowaveovenshavebecomemorepopular.

B.Thefrequentuseofmicrowavesmaydoharmtoourhealth.

C.CO2emissionsconstituteamajorthreattotheenvironment.

D.TheuseofmicrowavesemitsmoreCO2thanpeoplethink.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarebecomingmoreaffordable.

B.Theyhaveashorterlifecyclethanotherappliances.

C.Theyaregettingmucheasiertooperate.

D.Theytakelesstimetocookthanotherappliances.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Cookingfoodofdifferentvarieties.

B.Improvingmicrowaveusers’habits.

C.Eatinglesstocutenergyconsumption.

D.Usingmicrowaveovenslessfrequently.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therearefarmoreemissionsfromcarsthanfrommicrowaves.

B.Peopleshouldbepersuadedintousingpassengercarslessoften.

C.TheUKproduceslessCO2thanmanyothercountriesintheEU.

D.Moredataareneededtoshowwhethermicrowavesareharmful.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillbecomelesspopularinthecomingdecades.

B.Itmakeseverydaycookingmuchmoreconvenient.

C.Itplaysapositiveroleinenvironmentalprotection.

D.Itconsumesmorepowerthanconventionalcooking.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“這項(xiàng)新研究有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？”。文章第一段第一句提到Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.（把食物放進(jìn)微波爐加熱幾分鐘似乎完全無害，但一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，歐洲的這些快速烤箱所排放的碳相當(dāng)于近700萬輛汽車的排放量）可知D項(xiàng)“使用微波排放的二氧化碳比人們想象的要多”正確。A項(xiàng)“快速烹飪的微波爐越來越受歡迎”和C項(xiàng)“二氧化碳排放對(duì)環(huán)境構(gòu)成重大威脅”在文中沒有提到，B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常使用微波爐對(duì)我們的健康有害”表述與原文不符。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“為什么微波爐的銷量會(huì)上升？”。第一段指出Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.（隨著成本的下降和廚房電器成為“有身份”的物品，業(yè)主們正在扔掉平均8年后的微波爐；這推動(dòng)了新型微波爐的銷售，預(yù)計(jì)到本世紀(jì)末，新型微波爐在歐盟的年銷量將達(dá)到1.35億臺(tái)）可知，因?yàn)槌杀鞠陆邓晕⒉t的銷量上升，故A項(xiàng)“它們變得越來越便宜”正確。B項(xiàng)“相比其他電器，它們有一個(gè)較短的生命周期”，原文指出平均8年的微波爐可知，微波爐的壽命不短；C項(xiàng)“它們?cè)絹碓饺菀撞僮鳌焙虳項(xiàng)“它們比其他電器花更少的時(shí)間做飯”在文中都沒有相關(guān)的描述。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“曼徹斯特大學(xué)的研究提出了什么建議？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehavior.（根據(jù)該研究，減少消費(fèi)的努力應(yīng)該集中在提高消費(fèi)者的意識(shí)和行為上）可知，曼徹斯特大學(xué)的研究建議消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該改變自己對(duì)微波爐使用的意識(shí)和行為，所以B項(xiàng)“改善微波爐用戶的使用習(xí)慣”符合題意。第二段最后一句提到Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.（例如，消費(fèi)者可以通過調(diào)整烹飪時(shí)間以更有效的方式使用電器）可知A項(xiàng)“烹飪不同種類的食物”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“少吃以減少能源消耗”和D項(xiàng)“減少使用微波爐的次數(shù)”在文中沒有相關(guān)信息。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“大衛(wèi)雷伊教授想要論證什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段第一句However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.（然而，碳管理教授大衛(wèi)雷伊認(rèn)為，盡管微波消耗大量能源，但與汽車相比，它們的排放量要小得多）可知，A項(xiàng)“汽車排放的廢氣比微波爐多得多”正確。B項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該說服人們減少使用轎車的次數(shù)”，汽車的二氧化碳排放量高只是雷伊教授論證中的一個(gè)對(duì)比，B項(xiàng)不選；C項(xiàng)“英國產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳比許多其他歐盟國家要少”，表述與原文相反，原文指出ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU（這些汽車的排放量超過了歐盟所有國家的微波爐排放量），C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)來證明微波爐是否有害”文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“大衛(wèi)雷伊教授對(duì)微波爐的使用有什么看法？”。文章最后兩句提到Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.（在常用的廚房用具中，微波爐是最節(jié)能的，其次是爐子，最后是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)烤箱；因此，微波爐銷量的上升可以被視為一件積極的事情），由此可知，在常用的廚具中，微波爐比其他電器都要節(jié)能，所以C項(xiàng)“它在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面發(fā)揮了積極的作用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“在未來的幾十年里，它會(huì)變得不那么受歡迎”表述與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“它使每天做飯更方便”在最后一段沒有提到；D項(xiàng)“它比傳統(tǒng)烹飪消耗更多的能量”表述與原文相反。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Nooneknowswhowasthefirsttoinventthediceasweknowthem.Whatisremarkableisthattheyhaveremainedvirtuallyintactacrossnationalboundariesandallthroughtheage——smallcubesmarkedbydotsfrom1to6,soplacedthatthesumofthedotsonoppositesidesequals7.DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC,aswellasintheruinsofBabylon.TheplayingofdicewaspopularinGreeceandevenmoresoinRome,anddicewereusedthroughouttheMiddleAges.Inthesimplestplaywithdiceeachplayerthrows,orshoots,forthehighestsum.InChinaandintheUnitedStatesthemostpopulardicegameisplayedwithtwodice.

Thenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbytwodiceisverylimited;thenumberare:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.11and12,allelevenofthem.Themostprobablethrowis7.Theprobabilityof7issixtimesthatof12.Thereforeitwouldbeidealifanewkindofdicecouldbeinventedwithanequaldistributionofchancesforeachnumber.Well,suchdicehavealreadybeeninventedbyaBritishamateurastronomerbythenameAires.Thenewversion.

whichtheinventorcalls“heartbreakdice”，alsoconsistsoftwodice.Butthenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbythenewdiceismorethanthreetimesthatofthetraditionalones,andthechancesforeachnumberarestrictlyequal.

1.Accordingtopassageone,theChinesehadplayeddice（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiceinChinaistrue?

3.Inregardtothenewkindofdice,wecantellthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan2500yearsbefore.

B.3400yearsearlierthanEgyptianshaddoneso

C.intheMiddleAges

D.justalittleearlierthanChristwasborn

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.DiceinancientChinawerequitedifferentfromdicetoday

B.DiceinChinaareverydifferentfromtheonesusedinothercountries

C.InChina,peopleneverplaydicegameswithonlyonedice

D.TheaimofplayingdicegamesinChinaisthesameastheonesinothercountries——togetthehighestsum

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theideaisn’tpractical

B.itwasalsonamed“Aires”thoughit’snowcalled“heartbreakdice”.

C.it’sfamousfortheequaldistributionofchancesforeverypossiblenumber

D.italsousesdigitsfrom1to6

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC(在中國，骰子最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于公元前600年的出土文物中，其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)。故A項(xiàng)“2500年前”正確。

2.判斷推理題。A:古中國的骰子和如今的骰子大不相同,根據(jù)第一段中“DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC(在中國，骰子最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于公元前600年的出土文物中，其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B:中國的骰子和其他國家的骰子不同,文章并未提及。C:在中國，人們從不用一個(gè)骰子,雖然第一段指出:InChinaandintheUnitedStatesthemostpopulardicegameisplayedwithtwodice(中國與美國的骰子游戲用的是兩個(gè)骰子),這并不能退出選項(xiàng)C。D:中國骰子游戲的目的和其他國家一樣，都是為獲得最大點(diǎn)數(shù),根據(jù)第一段中的“Inthesimplestplaywithdiceeachplayerthrows,orshoots,forthehighestsum(骰子最簡(jiǎn)單的玩法就是玩家投擲篩子以獲得最大點(diǎn)數(shù))”可知D正確。因此本題選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一句話為:thechancesforeachnumberarestrictlyequal(每個(gè)數(shù)字出現(xiàn)的概率相同),因此C項(xiàng)“因能夠平均分配每個(gè)可能出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)而著名”正確。

10.翻譯題

TheChinesepresenceinthecoloniesstirredmanyAustraliananxieties.AustraliancolonistslikedtothinkofthemselvesasBritish,buttheybegantoseetheywereBritishinstrangegeo-politicalsurroundings.TheysuspectedAustraliamightbeonagreatChinesefloodplain.ItwasclearlywellwithinreachofChineseinfluence.California,anothergoldrushsociety,hadalsoexperiencedasubstantialinfluxofChinese.TherealizationgrewthatAustraliashouldnotlookjusttoBritain.ItsharedstrategicinterestswithotherwhitecommunitiesinthePacific,especiallywithAmerica.Butthepacificwasacontestedocean.Fromthe1880s,itwasincreasinglyapparentthatChinaandJapanwerealsonearbyPacificnations.

(1)ThepresenceofsomanyChineseintensifieddebateonthepotentialcharacterofAustraliansociety.Potentconcernshaddevelopedaboutcivicvaluesingoldrushcommunities,concernsaggravatedbyAustralia'sconvictorigins.Goldwasaseductive,richlymythologizedsubstance.ItsdiscoveryintheAustraliancoloniespublicizedtheirpotentialmorethananythingelsehadyetdone.Goldattractedayoung,cosmopolitan,ambitious,predominantlywhitemalepopulation,oftenimbuedwithadvanceddemocraticviews.YetasDavidGoodmanhasshown,thisinfluxstirredanxietiesaboutthemoralstabilityofthesegold-seekingcommunities.Agold-obsessedsocietyappearedapoorfoundationforastableculturedsociety.Manysocialcommentatorsfoundtheprospectthatworkingmencouldgainsuddenwealthinthiswayverydisturbing.Wouldpeoplestillvalueachievementswroughtbysteadylabourandindustrioushabits?Whatwouldhappentomoralvalues?(2)Therewasanothermoredisturbingthought.IfAustraliacouldproduceonlytheserough,uncivilizedcommunities,mightitnotlosethemoralauthoritybywhichAustralians,claimingtherightsofasuperiorculture,soughtexclusiveaccesstothecontinent?WereAustraliansstillworthyoftheirimmenseopportunities?

QuestionsoftenureandentitlementwereintensifiedbythedispossessionoftheAustralianAborigines.OneofthemainjustificationsusedatthattimefortakingoverAboriginallandcamefromthebeliefthattheywereaprimitive,nomadicpeoplewithnofixedsettlementsorhabitsofagriculture.Itwasthoughtthattheydidnotvaluetheirlandandhadnocapacitytodevelopit(3)Oneofthetroublingparadoxesofgoldseekingpopulationswasthattheyalsowereahighlymobilewanderingtribe,insomewayssimilartotheAboriginestheysoughttodisplace.AnxietiesaboutthecontinuityofwhitesettlementinAustraliaintensifiedimpulsestovilifyAboriginesandtokeepAsiansout.Themajorquestionrevolvedaroundentitlementtotheland.(4)Inthebluntlanguageofthelatenineteenthcentury,ifwhitehadreplacedblackbecauseblackwasnotdevelopingthecontinent,whyshouldyellownotreplacewhiteonpreciselythesamegrounds?IfEuropeancommunitiesinAustraliawerenotseentobecivilizedandproductive,thecaseforsoletenureofAustraliabywhitesmightbeseriouslyweakened.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）這么多中國人的出現(xiàn)加劇了這場(chǎng)關(guān)于澳大利亞社會(huì)潛在性格的爭(zhēng)論。淘金社區(qū)的公民價(jià)值觀引起了人們強(qiáng)烈的關(guān)注,這種關(guān)注又因澳大利亞人原本就是罪犯的后裔而變得更為嚴(yán)重。黃金是一種充滿誘惑而又富有神話色彩的物質(zhì)。

（2）還有另一種更令人不安的思想。如果澳大利亞只能形成這些粗俗而又不文明的社區(qū),那么對(duì)于聲稱享有優(yōu)等文化權(quán)利的澳大利亞人來說,難道不會(huì)丟失他們建立在找到通往澳洲大陸的獨(dú)有途徑上的那份道德權(quán)威嗎？澳大利亞人仍然值得擁有巨大的機(jī)遇嗎？

（3）淘金社區(qū)的人們有一個(gè)令人煩惱的悖論,即他們也是高度漂移的部落,這在某些方面類似于他們?cè)噲D取代的土著居民。因?yàn)閾?dān)憂白人殖民者在澳大利亞定居的連續(xù)性,促使他們對(duì)土著居民進(jìn)行誹謗和驅(qū)逐亞洲人。

（4）用十九世紀(jì)末生硬的語言來講,如果白人取代黑人是因?yàn)楹谌藳]有發(fā)展澳洲大陸,那么為什么依據(jù)同樣的理由黃色人就不應(yīng)該去取代白人呢？如果在澳大利亞的歐洲社區(qū)不被看作是文明并富有成效的,完全由白人統(tǒng)治澳大利亞的狀況就有可能被嚴(yán)重削弱。

11.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（

）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat

（

）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause

（

）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

問