書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北理工大學輕工學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis“noexit”whenitcomestochildren.“Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren’swelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbecometomorrow,sproductivecitizenry.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlston’sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica’slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren’swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

問題1選項

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

問題2選項

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

問題3選項

A.Thecosto￡raisingchildrenintheUShasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

問題4選項

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren,shealthygrowth

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents’legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

問題5選項

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，在發(fā)達國家中，只有兩個國家不提供帶薪照顧新生兒的假期保障。去年澳大利亞也建立了帶薪探親假，而在美國卻還是沒有這項政策。所以根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，選項A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”選項B與原文描述相符。

4.根據(jù)第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”作者認為美國龐大的監(jiān)管兒童福利的家庭法律不能夠給父母提供足夠的支持。所以選項B正確。

5.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”將養(yǎng)育子女歸為一種個人選擇，沒有集體責任，這不僅僅是忽視良好養(yǎng)育的社會效益，實際上是在竊取這些福利。選項D這實際上是一個社會事業(yè)符合原文。

2.單選題

Incourtherepeatedhis（

）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

問題1選項

A.impression

B.alliteration

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項impression“感想，印象，影響”；B選項alliteration“頭韻，頭韻法”；C選項clause“從句，分句，（法律文件等的）條款”；D選項assertion“斷言，聲稱，主張”。由Incourt（在法庭上）與hewasnotguilt（他是無罪的）可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：在法庭上，他在陪審團面前重申了他是無罪的聲明。

3.單選題

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbebroughtonbyphysicalevent,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisselfcontrol,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachexhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Yourmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.

Everythingseemslife-threateninginmomentofpanic;thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

1.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat（

）.

2.Controllingyourthoughtalwaysinvolves

（

）.

3.Humanresponsetostressis

（

）.

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthesectionisto

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedinthesectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressitcontrollable?

問題1選項

A.stressisanimbalanceofinternalandexternaldemands.

B.controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

問題2選項

A.consideringthesituationinalternativeviewpoints

B.visualizingyourselfmanagingthestress

C.relaxationtechniquestoemanatephysicalsymptoms

D.asenseofbeingoverwhelmedbythesituation

問題3選項

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

問題4選項

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughbreathing

問題5選項

A.Thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要講了壓力管理，以及應(yīng)對壓力管理的兩種方式——身體反應(yīng)控制與思維控制。因此選B，控制身體反應(yīng)和思維是管理壓力的有效手段。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Yourmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.（也就是說，你必須考慮其他觀點。你當前的觀點是造成壓力的原因！你也必須避免過分重視這件事）因此選A，考慮替代觀點的情況。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.（人們對沖突的反應(yīng)不同，正如他們對壓力的反應(yīng)也不同）可知選D，人類對壓力的反應(yīng)是個體的。

第4題:主旨大意題。由第一題以及文章大意，可知作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了介紹壓力管理的方法，因此選B。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。題干：以下哪一項包括在最直接支持作者的觀點的部分中，強調(diào)它是可控的？作者認為壓力管理可以通過身體反應(yīng)控制與思維控制來進行，因此D選項“成功的管理壓力需要思維的靈活性”符合題意。

4.翻譯題

隨著中世紀結(jié)構(gòu)的崩潰和現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)方式的興起，勞動的意義和作用發(fā)生了根本性的變化，這在新教國家表現(xiàn)的尤為突出。因為人對剛剛獲得的自由感到不知所措，心里老是想著如何以一種狂熱的活動來消除自己的疑慮和恐懼。這種活動無論成功或是失敗都將決定他的靈魂能否獲救，表明他是靈魂得救者。勞動本身不再能給人帶來滿足感和快樂，而是變成了一種責任和強迫性的活動。勞動致富的可能性越大，勞動就越會成為純粹獲得財富和成功的一種手段。用麥克斯?韋伯的話來說，在“內(nèi)心深處追名逐利的苦行主義”的體系中，勞動變成了主要的因素，成了解決人的孤單和封閉感的一種辦法。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】WiththecollapsingofthestructureofMiddleAgesandtherisingofthemodernproductionmodel,thefundamentalchangeshavetakenplaceinthesignificanceandfunctionoflabor,whichisparticularlyoutstandingintheProtestantcountries,becausepeoplefeeloverwhelmedbythefreedomtheyhavejustobtained,andkeepwonderinghowtoeliminatetheirowndoubtsandfearsinacrazyactivity.Whetheritissuccessfulornot,thisactivitywilldeterminewhetherhissoulcanberescuedanddemonstratethatheorsheistheonewhosesoulhasbeensavedortheonelost.Laboritselfcannotbringsatisfactionandhappinesstopeopleanylonger,butithasbecomeakindofresponsibilityandcompulsiveactivity.Thegreaterthechanceofmakingfortunebyworkingis,themorechanceoflaborbecomingawayofpurelyobtainingwealthandsuccess.JustasMaxWebersays,inthesystemof“autoeroticismofseekingfameandgaininginthedepthofone’sheart”,thelaborhasbecomethemainfactorandthesolutiontothelonelinessandself-closingofpeople.

5.單選題

HamiltonhopedforanationofcitieswhileJeffersoncontentedthatthecountryshouldremainchieflyagricultural.

問題1選項

A.inclined

B.struggled

C.argued

D.competed

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。漢密爾頓希望建立一個工業(yè)化國家，而杰佛遜則認為農(nóng)業(yè)是國之根本。incline傾斜，點頭，易于。struggle奮斗，努力。argue主張，認為。compete競爭，比賽。content贊成。故選C。

6.單選題

Forsomecrimes,andundercertainconditions,apoliceofficermustobtainacourtordercalled（）beforemakinganarrest.

問題1選項

A.warrant

B.registry

C.legislation

D.battery

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項warrant表示“根據(jù)，證明，正當理由”；B選項registry表示“注冊，登記”；C選項legislation表示“立法”；D選項battery表示“電池；（法）毆打；炮臺”。

由句中acourtorder“一種法院命令”以及關(guān)鍵信息beforemakinganarrest“在實施逮捕之前”可知，這是空缺處應(yīng)該是指逮捕罪犯的證明或者逮捕令。因此，本題正確答案為A項?！揪湟狻繉τ谀承┓缸铮谝欢l件下，警察在實施逮捕之前必須獲得法院的命令，也就是逮捕令。

7.單選題

Itisdifficultto______ofaplantoendpoverty.

問題1選項

A.speculate

B.conceive

C.ponder

D.reckon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項speculate“推測；推斷；投機；思索”；B選項conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思；以為；持有；設(shè)想；考慮”；C選項ponder“仔細考慮；衡量；考慮；沉思”；D選項reckon“測算，估計；認為；計算；猜想，料想”。conceiveof“設(shè)想；以為；想象；構(gòu)思”。句意：想出一個消除貧困的計劃是很難的。因此B選項正確。

8.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

據(jù)財富、種族、教育、地域的不同，計算機的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模有很大差別。數(shù)據(jù)表明，計算機的擁有程度和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接入規(guī)模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即擁有高中和大學文憑的富裕的白人和那些穩(wěn)定的雙親家庭中增長更迅速。最高收入階層的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可能性是那些低收入階層，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用計算機的比例高達76.56%，但與之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

9.單選題

（）forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbeasthrivingasitis.

問題1選項

A.Haditnotbeen

B.Beitnot

C.Wereitnot

D.Shoulditnotbe

【答案】A

【解析】考査虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句是過去時，從句中吋態(tài)應(yīng)往前推，為過去完成時。本句省略了if，所以需要將助動詞had提前。所以選項A正確。

10.翻譯題

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的領(lǐng)導者無論在情感上還是在理智上都著眼于未來，而不是執(zhí)著于過去。他們渴望創(chuàng)新，積極開拓。他們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀，他們想要前進去創(chuàng)造新事物。

領(lǐng)導者不僅提供指導也提供答案，不僅給予力量而且樂于奉獻，他們說話既根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，也根據(jù)他們對所面臨的問題和一起共事的人的理解。

領(lǐng)導者處事靈活而不武斷。他們相信的是團結(jié)而不是隨波逐流。他們力圖在沖突中達成共識。

領(lǐng)導力在于讓人們始終盡顯其能，幫助他們最大限度地發(fā)揮自己的潛力，并激勵他們朝著共同的目標而努力。領(lǐng)導者在必要的時候能做出正確的決斷。

一個好的領(lǐng)導者，一個卓有成效的領(lǐng)導者，是一個尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必須先尊重他人。一個尊重組織上各級員工，尊重他們的工作、能力、愿望和需求的領(lǐng)導者也會得到他人的尊重。所有這些都會激勵大家共同努力。

11.翻譯題

TheUSDepartmentofLaborstatisticsindicatethatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadythereisanoverabundanceofteachers,engineers,physicsandotherspecialists.Yetcollegeandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompleteforjobsthataren’tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollege.These“temporary”jobshaveahabitofbecomingpermanent.

【答案】美國勞工部統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明，高校畢業(yè)的勞工供應(yīng)過剩，而且這個過剩正在不斷增加。已經(jīng)有過量的老師、工程師、物理學家和其他專家。然而高校和研究院每年都在繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)出高度受訓的人員，來競爭潛在的崗位。結(jié)果是，畢業(yè)生無法從事與他們受訓內(nèi)容相關(guān)的工作，只能接受不要求學位的臨時工作。這些“臨時”工作有變成永久性工作的習慣。

12.單選題

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（）forinformationleadingtorobber’sarrest.

問題1選項

A.reward

B.award

C.compensation

D.prize

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reward意為“酬謝，獎賞”，尤指因表現(xiàn)出色或向他人提供幫助或服務(wù)而得到的酬謝；award尤指因表現(xiàn)出色或成績卓越由官方?jīng)Q定頒發(fā)的“獎品，獎金，獎賞，獎狀”；compensation尤指因損失而給予的“補償（賠償）物，補償（賠償）金”；prize尤指在比賽、競賽中獲得的“獎品，獎賞”。句意：警局提供了豐厚的獎賞來獎勵那些為抓住罪犯提供線索的人。

13.單選題

Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno（）togotothepartywithus.

問題1選項

A.taste

B.mood

C.sense

D.emotion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項taste“味道”；B選項mood“心情”；C選項sense“感覺”；D選項emotion“情感”。句意：工作了一整天后，他太累了，沒有心情和我們一起去參加聚會。本句表示沒有參加聚會的心情，因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

（

）foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

問題1選項

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。逗號后面的是一個完整的句子，所以前面應(yīng)該用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，再根據(jù)foralongtime可知要用到完成時，所以選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

Thetownwas（

）afterfiftyyears.

問題1選項

A.exclusive

B.subsequent

C.invariable

D.resolute

【答案】C

【解析】exclusive獨有的，排外的；subsequent后來的，隨后的；invariable不變的；resolute堅決的，果斷的。句意：五十年后，這個城鎮(zhèn)還是老樣子。選項C符合句意。

16.單選題

Onceyouhaveaddedupthefiguresinthebudgetplan,youwillhaveto（）incometaxtoarriveatthenetspendingamountavailabletoyou.

問題1選項

A.divide

B.deduct

C.multiply

D.add

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。divide“分開”；deduct“扣除;減去”multiply“乘；使增加”；add“增加”，addto“加入，增加”。句意：一旦你把預(yù)算計劃中的數(shù)字加起來，為了得出你可利用的凈支出金額，你將不得不加入所得稅。D項符合題意。

17.單選題

Thekitchenwassmalland（）sothatthedisabledcouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.

問題1選項

A.conventional

B.compact

C.compatible

D.concise

【答案】B

【解析】conventional傳統(tǒng)的,習用的,平常的;compact緊湊的,簡潔的;compatible協(xié)調(diào)的；concise簡明的,簡約的。句意：這間廚房小巧緊湊,殘疾人可以很方便的夠到所有的東西。

18.單選題

Farmersinthedevelopingworldhatepricefluctuations.Itmakesithardtoplanahead.Butmostofthemhavelittlechoice:theysellatthepricethemarketsets.FarmersinEurope,theUSandJapanareluckier:theyreceivemassivegovernmentsubsidiesintheformofguaranteedpricesordirecthandouts.LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.Bushsaidthestepwasnecessaryto“promotefarmerindependenceandpreservethefarmwayoflifeforgenerations”.ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.

Agriculturalproductioninmostpoorcountriesaccountsforupto50%ofGDP,comparedtoonly3%inrichcountries.Butmostfarmersinpoorcountriesgrowjustenoughforthemselvesandtheirfamilies.ThosewhotryexportingtotheWestfindtheirgoodswhackedwithhugetariffsorcompetingagainstcheapersubsidizedgoods.In1999theUnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopmentconcludedthanforeachdollardevelopingcountriesreceiveinaidtheyloseupto$14justbecauseoftradebarriersimposedontheexportoftheirmanufacturedgoods.It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.“Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.”

AgricultureisoneofthefewareasinwhichtheThirdWorldcancompete.Landandlaborarecheap,andasfanningmethodsdevelop,newtechnologiesshouldimproveoutput.Thisisnopie-in-the-skyspeculation.ThebiggestsuccessinKenva’seconomyoverthepastdecadehasbeentheboominexportsofcutflowersandvegetablestoEurope.Butthatmayallchangein2008,whenKenyawillbeslightlytoorichtoqualifyforthe“l(fā)east-developedcountry”statusthatallowsAfricanproducerstoavoidpayingstiffEuropeanimportdutiesonselectedagriculturalproducts.Withtradebarriersinplace,thehorticultureindustryinKenyawillshrivelasquicklyasdiscardedrose.Andwhileagricultureexportsremainthegreathopeforpoorcountries,reducingtradebarriersinothersectorsalsoworks:AfricanGrowthandOpportunityAct,whichcutsdutiesonexportsofeverythingfromhandicraftstoshoes,hasprovedaboontoAfrica’smanufacturers.Thelesson:theThirdWorldcanprosperiftherichworldgivesitafairgo.

ThisiswhatmakesBush’sdecisiontoincreasefarmsubsidieslastmonthallthemoredepressing.Poorcountrieshavelongsuspectedthattherichworldurgestradeliberalizationonlysoitcanwangleitswayintonewmarkets.SuchsuspicionscausedtheSeattletradetalkstobreakdownthreeyearsago.ButlastNovembermembersoftheWorldTradeOrganization,meetinginDoha.Qatar,finallyagreedtoanewroundoftalksdesignedtoopenupglobaltradeinagricultureandtextiles.Richcountriesassuredpoorcountriesthattheirconcernswerefinallybeingaddressed.Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.

1.Bycomparison,farmers（

）receivemoregovernmentsubsidiesthanother.

2.Inadditiontotheeconomicconsiderations,thereisa（

）motivebehindBush’ssigningofthenewbill.

3.Themessagethewriterattemptstoconveythroughoutthepassageisthat（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsnewfarmsubsidiesintheU.S.is（

）.

問題1選項

A.inthedevelopingworld

B.inJapan

C.inEurope

D.inAmerica

問題2選項

A.partisan

B.social

C.financial

D.cultural

問題3選項

A.poorcountriesshouldbegivenequalopportunitiesintrade

B.“theleastdevelopedcountry”statusbenefitsagriculturalcountries

C.poorcountriesshouldremovetheirsuspicionsabouttradeliberalization

D.farmersinpoorcountriesshouldalsoreceivethebenefitofsubsidies

問題4選項

A.favorable

B.ambiguous

C.critical

D.reserved.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第三句“LastmonthU.S.PresidentBushsignedanewfarmbillthatgivesAmericanfarmers$190billionoverthenext10years,or$83billionmorethantheyhadbeenscheduledtoget,andpushesU.S.agriculturalsupportclosetocrazyEuropeanlevels.上個月，美國總統(tǒng)布什簽署了一項新的農(nóng)業(yè)法案，將在未來10年向美國農(nóng)民提供1900億美元的資金，比原計劃多出830億美元，并將美國的農(nóng)業(yè)援助提高到接近歐洲的瘋狂水平?！庇纱丝芍瑲W洲農(nóng)民得到的政府補貼比其他國家都多，所以選項C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ItisalsodesignedtohelptheRepublicanPartywincontroloftheSenateinNovember’smid-termelections.該法案還旨在幫助共和黨在11月中旬的選舉中贏得參議院的控制權(quán)?！庇纱丝芍?，選項A“黨派的”正確。

3.作者意圖題。本題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It’snotasifthedevelopingworldwantsanyfavors,saysGeraldSsendwula,Uganda'sMinisterofFinance.‘Whatwewantisfortherichcountriestoletuscompete.’烏干達財政部長GeraldSsendwula說，發(fā)展中國家并不需要任何幫助?！覀兿Ｍ辉易屛覀儏⑴c競爭?！庇纱丝芍?，選項A“應(yīng)該給貧窮國家平等的貿(mào)易機會”符合原文；根據(jù)第三段第四句“但這一切可能在2008年發(fā)生改變，屆時肯尼亞將略微富裕到?jīng)]有資格獲得“最不發(fā)達國家”的地位，而“最不發(fā)達國家”的地位允許非洲生產(chǎn)商對某些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品免征高額的歐洲進口稅?！庇纱丝芍?，選項B“‘最不發(fā)達國家’的地位有利于農(nóng)業(yè)國家”不符合原文；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個月的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個人對自由貿(mào)易的熱愛成為一個謊言?！庇纱丝芍?，選項C“窮國應(yīng)該消除對貿(mào)易自由化的懷疑”不正確；根據(jù)第二段“1999年，聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易和發(fā)展會議的結(jié)論是，發(fā)展中國家每獲得1美元的援助，就會損失多達14美元，原因僅僅是對其制成品出口設(shè)置了貿(mào)易壁壘?！庇纱丝芍毟F國家的農(nóng)民并沒有得到補貼的好處，所以選項D錯誤。只有選項A表述是正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Bush’shandoutlastmonthmakesalieofAmerica’scommitmenttothesetalksandhispersonaldevotiontofreetrade.布什上個月的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼使得美國對這些會談的承諾以及布什個人對自由貿(mào)易的熱愛成為一個謊言?！庇纱丝芍?，作者的態(tài)度是批判的。選項C正確。

19.單選題

Manyyoungpeopletake（

）radiostothebeachwiththem.

問題1選項

A.liable

B.portable

C.purchasable

D.cherishable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。liable“有責任的，有義務(wù)的”；portable“手提的，便攜式的”；purchasable“可買的，可買到的”；cherishable“值得珍惜的”。句意：很多年輕人帶著便攜式收音機去沙灘。選項B符合題意。

20.單選題

G.Barela,afamousfootballplay,was（

）toManchesterUnitedin2013byamillionpounds.

問題1選項

A.transmitted

B.transferred

C.transacted

D.transported

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項transmit“傳輸，傳播”；B選項transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移（地方）；調(diào)動（工作）；使（運動員）轉(zhuǎn)會或轉(zhuǎn)隊”；C選項transact“交易，談判”；D選項transport“運輸”。句意為：著名的足球運動員巴雷拉，2013年以一百萬轉(zhuǎn)會至曼切斯特聯(lián)隊旗下。故答案選B。

21.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

Tobereallyhappyandreallysafe,oneoughttohaveatleasttwoorthreehobbies,andtheymustallbereal.Itisnousestartinglateinlifetosay,“Iwilltakeaninterestinthisorthat.”Suchanattemptonlyaggravatesthestrainofmentaleffort.Amanmayacquiregreatknowledgeoftopicsunconnectedwithhisdailywork,andyethardlygetanybenefitorrelief.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.Broadlyspeaking,humanbeingsmaybedividedintothreeclasses:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.Itisnouseofferingthemanuallaborer,tiredoutwithahardweek’ssweatandeffort,thechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaseballonSaturdayafternoon.Itisnouseinvitingthepoliticianortheprofessionalorbusinessman,whohasbeenworkingorworryingaboutseriousthingsforsixdays,toworkorworryabouttriflingthingsatweekend.

Itmayalsobesaidthatrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsaredividedintotwoclasses:first,thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andsecondly,thosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemajority.Theyhavetheircompensations.Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansofsustenance,butakeenappetiteforpleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms.ButFortune’sfavoredchildrenbelongtothesecondclass.Theirlifeisanaturalharmony.Forthemtheworkinghoursareneverlongenough.Eachdayisaholiday,andordinaryholidayswhentheycomearegrudgedasenforcedinterruptionsinanabsorbingvocation.Yettobothclassestheneedofanalternativeoutlook,ofachangeofatmosphere,ofadiversionofeffort,isessential.

【答案】【參考譯文】

還需要指出的是，有理性的、勤勞的、有用的人們可分為兩類：第一類人，工作就是工作，享樂就是享樂；第二類人，其工作和享樂是合二為一的。兩類人中，前一類是大多數(shù)。這一類人的辛勤自有回報：在辦公室或工廠里度過的漫長的工作時間不僅解決他們的生計問題，而且使他們能痛快地享受哪怕是最簡單平常的樂趣。但是命運厚愛的孩子卻是第二類人。他們的生活自然而和諧，對他們來說，工作時間從來就不會顯得太長。每一天都是節(jié)，而當平常人的節(jié)日來臨時，他們就覺得不自在，覺得那是對自己正痛快地過著的節(jié)日的干擾。不過無論對哪一類人來說，換個角度來看問題，換個氛圍生活，換個方向努力，倒是至關(guān)重要。

22.單選題

Thenegotiationshave（）again,andtherepresentativeshaveallbeencalledback.

問題1選項

A.brokenout

B.brokenoff

C.brokenthrough

D.brokeninto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組。A:breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；B:breakoff“（使）脫離；停止；中斷”；C:breakthrough“突破”；D:breakinto“闖進”。句意：談判又中斷了，代表們都被召回了。結(jié)合語境，B為正確答案。

23.單選題

Plasticsheetingshouldbewrappedaroundthetreeinwinnerto（）itfromthewindandthefrost.

問題1選項

A.recover

B.shield

C.shade

D.rescue

【答案】B

【解析】recoverfrom恢復;shield與from庇護,使免遭……;shade不與from搭配,rescuefrom從...中營救。句意：應(yīng)該用塑料布把樹裹起來,以防止風和霜凍。選項B符合句意。

24.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeye

Controlledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.

Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16bird