招生考試英語(yǔ)（一）試SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently plishesthe7.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethatlaughter8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedat ofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbutthat esadwhenthetearsbegintoAlthoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth–therebycreatinganartificials –orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles18moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.20,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1.[A][B][D]2.[A][D]3.[A][D]4.[A][D]5.[A][B][D]6.[A]In[B]In[C]In[D]In7.[A][D]8.[A][D]9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][D][B]According[C]Due[D]As12.[A][D]13.[A][D]14.[A][C][D]15.[A][B][D]16.[A][C][D]17.[A][C][D]18.[A][C][D]19.[A][D]20.[A] [D]SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintFormypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhaveto stogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoWelearnfromParagraph1thatGilbert’sappointmentincurred [B]raised [C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedTommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwho [B] [C] [D]Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedignoretheexpensesoflive [B]rejectmostkindsofrecorded[C]exaggeratethevarietyoflive [D]overestimatethevalueofliveAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofTheyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinTheyareeasilyaccessibletoteralTheyhelpimprovethequalityofTheyhaveonlycoveredRegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthor [B] [C] [D]TextWhenLiamMcGeedepartedasofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymu ydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewithth ofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:“Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsThosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.” [B] [C]self- [D]AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredtheirexpectationofbetterfinancial [B]theirneedtoreflectontheirpriva[C]theirstrainedrelationswithth [D]theirpursuitofnewcareerTheword“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)mostprobablyapproved [B]attended [C]hunted [D]guardedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphtopperformersusedtoclingtotheir [B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-[C]topperformerscaremoreabout [D]it’ssafertosticktothetraditionalWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheCEOs:Whereto [B]CEOs:AlltheWay[C]TopManagersJumpwithouta [D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopTextTheroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media—suchas evisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage“owned”mediabysending alertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmedia eanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstance,whenan merceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmed ownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentor merceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandho andwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgenerating e,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorn eshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedIfthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthecompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsen,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasandthesocial-newssiteDigg.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyobsessedwithonlineshopatcertainWeb [B]inspiredbyproduct-promotingssentto[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequality [D]enthusiastic mendingtheirfavoriteAccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediaasafebusiness [B]random [C]stronguser [D]flexibilityinTheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedinviteconstantswithpassionate [B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsin[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercer [D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexamplerespondingeffectivelytohijacked [B]persuadingcustomersintoboycotting[C]cooperatingwithsupportive [D]takingadvantageofhijackedWhichofthefollowingisthetextmainly[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaid [B]betweenhijackedandearned[C]Dominanceofhijacked [D]PopularityofownedTextisarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacomple fulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstothefolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegababy-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritney lit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcantemporary [B]enjoymentin [C]happinessin [D]lastingWelearnfromParagraph2celebritymomsareapermanentsourcefor [B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreater[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesis [D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbytheItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessareconstantlyexposedto [B]arelargelyignoredbythe[C]failtofulfilltheirsocial [D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirAccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazines [B] [C] [D]WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastHavingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebrityCelebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildHavingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithWesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildPartBThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsEandGhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,MrMenandpointsout, ealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirHisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducated shouldpossess.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”–theyformasortofsocialEquallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequirefewerteachers.So,at ofadecadeofthesis-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.Besidesprofessionalisingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecialisationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.”O(jiān)therwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticise.“Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedto elessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yetquitehowthathappens,MrMenanddoesnotsay.ThesubtleandinligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:Reformand intheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanuniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.→42.→E→43.→44.→PartCbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkethbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare–thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts–andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasa embodytheexternalachievement;youdon’t“get”successbut eit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakea ,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infact,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinus,andifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,a ’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexcept(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitations,nowwe eauthoritiesofwhatispossible.SectionIIIPart51.Writealettertoafriendofyoursmendoneofyourfavoritemoviesgivereasonsfor Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownnameatoftheletter.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10Part52.Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawingexplainitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20旅程之“余一、文章題材結(jié)構(gòu)分析

招生考試英語(yǔ)（一）答案詳SectionIUseofMakesYouFriendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人緣且。度。第四段以在1988年的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)為例論證了情緒是肌肉反應(yīng)的結(jié)果，笑這一行為可以使心情好轉(zhuǎn)。exceptdespite【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯關(guān)系+介詞辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希臘哲學(xué)家亞里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)”，由連詞but可[C]、[D]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有[C]despite“盡管”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以是正確答案。reflectdemand【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“產(chǎn)生”，只有[D]選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)生、引起”符合本句語(yǔ)境，所以是正確答案。boosting【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析【解析】文中提到“笑能夠心律速率和氧氣攝取量?！盵A]stabilizing意思是“安定，穩(wěn)定”，[B]boosting“促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”，[Cimpairing損害，削弱”，[Ddetermining“決定”，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境判斷應(yīng)該是“笑能夠促進(jìn)心律呼吸速transmit，發(fā)despite【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯關(guān)系+介詞辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希臘哲學(xué)家亞里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)”，由連詞but可[C]、[D]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有[C]despite“盡管”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以是正確答案?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+形容詞辨析【解析】本句話意思是“一次大笑不可能像走路或者慢跑那樣對(duì)心血管功能產(chǎn)生益處?！盵A]measurable“可測(cè)量的，重大的，重要的”，[Bmanageable“易控制的”，[Caffordable“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”，[Drenewable“可再生的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能和“益處”形成搭配關(guān)系的只有[A]measurable，用于說(shuō)明benefits的程度，故是正確答案。InturnInfactInadditionInbrief【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯關(guān)系+固定結(jié)構(gòu)辨析【解析】第二段首句的意思是：不像其它的鍛煉可以拉緊肌肉，笑很顯然起到了 作用,從insteadof和apparently可以判斷本句與上文有承接和轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，空格要求填入表示邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[A]In【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯語(yǔ)義+形容詞辨析【解析】第二段首句的意思是：事實(shí)上，不像其他的鍛煉可以拉緊肌肉，笑很顯然起到 apparently可以判斷笑的作用和其他鍛煉的作用是相反的，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[Bimpossible“不可能的]]【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析forupto45minutesaftertheguffawsubsides語(yǔ)義保持一致，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[Ahardens“使變硬”，[Bweakens“使變煉可以拉緊肌肉，笑很顯然起到了相反的作用”語(yǔ)義一致，故[D]正確?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析【解析】本句話的意思是“這樣的身體反應(yīng)可能會(huì)有助于心理緊張狀態(tài)的影響。suchbodilyreaction”，[B]generate“使形成，發(fā)生”[D]enhance“增加”，不符合語(yǔ)境，只有[C]moderate“減輕，緩和”，符合subconscious的，下意識(shí)internal【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯語(yǔ)義+形容詞辨析feedbacktheactoflaughingthat從句的修飾限制。主語(yǔ)“笑的行為”othertypesoffeedback相呼應(yīng)，所以[Aphysical“身體上的”是正確答案，其他選項(xiàng)[B]mental“精神上的”，[C]subconscious“的”，[D]internal“內(nèi)在的”，不符合ExceptforAccordingtoDuetoAsfor至于，就……【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+短語(yǔ)辨析應(yīng)該是“根據(jù)一個(gè)經(jīng)典的情緒理論，……”[A]Exceptfor表示“除了……”，它引出一個(gè)與前面的詞相反的原因to“由于，因?yàn)椤焙竺娓话阍颍琜D]Asfor“至于，就……方面說(shuō)”用以轉(zhuǎn)換話題和表現(xiàn)態(tài)度，故排除。【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+短語(yǔ)辨析于身體的反應(yīng)”。其它選項(xiàng)不能跟berooted搭配使用，故排除。if【答案】【考點(diǎn)】句間邏輯關(guān)系+副詞辨析]“][Aexhausts使筋疲力盡[Bfollows[Cprecedes[D]suppresses，【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析的although，由此判斷這里要說(shuō)另一種情況“傷心也會(huì)在流淚之前”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[Aexhausts“使筋疲力盡，使疲[Ainto[Bfrom[Ctowards[Dbeyond【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯銜接+短語(yǔ)辨析,]向[Dbeyond超出，超過(guò)”[Bfrom來(lái)自”[Afetch[Bbite咬[Cpick采[Dhold拿抱【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析【解析】apenwiththeirteethorwiththeirlips[Afetch“取來(lái)”，[Bbite“咬叮Cpick“采,摘”[Dhold“拿抱握住”，根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境可知該實(shí)驗(yàn)要求用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支筆，hold的意思最符合，故為正確答案。[Bexcited[C]joyful[Dindifferent【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯銜接+形容詞辨析含住一支筆時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種失望的表情”，這與后文中提到的“那些嘴唇皺著的人”[Bexcited[A]adapted(to)變得于[Bcateredto)[Cturnedto[Dreactedto)對(duì)……【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞搭配【解析】空格要求填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，并且與后面的to構(gòu)成固定搭配。本句的意思是：那些被強(qiáng)制鍛煉笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皺著表情失望的人在有趣的動(dòng)畫片時(shí)更加豐富。即用牙咬住一支筆的人對(duì)動(dòng)畫片的反應(yīng)更豐富。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[A]adaptedto“變得于……,使適應(yīng)于”，[B]cateredto“迎合，滿足某種需要或要求”，[C]turned…to“轉(zhuǎn)向”，均不符合語(yǔ)境，[D]reactedto“對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)”，是正確答案。[Asuggesting[Cmentioning[Dsupposing【答案】【考點(diǎn)】上下文語(yǔ)義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析【解析】根據(jù)句意可以判斷空格前是實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果，即：那些被強(qiáng)制鍛煉笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皺著表情失望的選動(dòng)詞要能體現(xiàn)二者的關(guān)系，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中[Brequiring需要，要求”[Cmentioning提到”，[Dsupposing“假定,假設(shè)”都不符合上下文語(yǔ)境，故排除。[A]suggesting表明，后接結(jié)論的句子，符合要求，故為正確答案。[DConversely【答案】【考點(diǎn)】句間邏輯關(guān)系+副詞辨析前后句解釋的是同一種情況，表示從一般到具體的邏輯關(guān)系。[A]Eventually和[B]Consequently，都是作為“總結(jié)”的副詞，[D]Conversely表示“相反”，只有[C]Similarly“同樣地”，符合上下文邏輯，是正確選項(xiàng)。三、全文翻譯唇一支筆以產(chǎn)生一種沮喪的表情。那些被強(qiáng)迫鍛煉笑肌的比那些抿著嘴、皺著眉的人對(duì)搞笑卡通的SectionIIReadingText一、文章題材結(jié)構(gòu)分析二、試題解析 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】推理判斷 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)musicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim”unpretentious和airoftheformidableconductorabouthim，意思是“他沒(méi)有指揮家那種強(qiáng)大的、令人敬畏的氣勢(shì)”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有選項(xiàng)B最接近此意。 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】推理判斷害)，之后是論據(jù)，用來(lái)支持作者的觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances，即便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)有更高的藝術(shù)水準(zhǔn)。D選項(xiàng)高度概括了作者對(duì)devotedconcertgoers的看法，故為正確答案。concertgoersDevotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformance…存在誤差。選項(xiàng)C原文沒(méi)有提到。[A它們?cè)谫|(zhì)量方面經(jīng)常是次于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)?！敬鸢浮俊究键c(diǎn)】推理判斷第四段最后一句“thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbrought很容易推斷出選項(xiàng)[BTheyareeasilyaccessibletoteralpublic(大眾很容易就能得到這些唱片)為正確答案。由第四段第三句“Theserecordingsarecheap…veryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’slive于現(xiàn)如今的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演”，并不是說(shuō)“他們幫助提高了音樂(lè)的品質(zhì)”，故不能選CD太過(guò)絕對(duì)，無(wú)法從文中 【答案】【考點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.”很明顯作者認(rèn)為“Gilbert與眾不同的實(shí)質(zhì)僅僅是增加了管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)的，這是不夠的”，“Gilbert和thePhilharmonic要想成功，還必須做一些事情”，由此可知作者不滿意Gilbert在振興交響樂(lè)團(tuán)中的作用。故A為正確答案。選項(xiàng)B和C為反向干擾。D不符合，作者不可能對(duì)其論述的內(nèi)容迷惑不解，故排除。EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”calls是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)him（賓語(yǔ)）anunpretentiousmusician（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）；with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)修飾musician。AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.【解析】句子主干：thatseemslikelyto...。句子主語(yǔ)that是指示代詞，指代“Tommasinicallshimanmusician”。AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeForthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.time,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic是句子的目的狀語(yǔ)?！咀g文】為了贏得藝術(shù)者的時(shí)間、關(guān)注和金錢，古典音樂(lè)演奏家不僅要和歌劇院、舞蹈團(tuán)、演出公司、物館競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而且還要和那些收錄了20世紀(jì)偉大的古典音樂(lè)演奏者的唱片作品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。四、 詞與超綱詞appointmentn.formidableadj.conductorn.faintadjbootupdevotedadj.投入的深愛(ài)的substituten替代品；v.代替，替代2009年，紐約愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)決定聘請(qǐng)艾倫?吉爾伯特作為下一任的音樂(lè)總監(jiān)，這一消息自宣布之日起就在古典家古斯塔夫?和皮埃爾?布萊茲之后愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)。這樣描繪下一任指揮，至少在有些《》讀者聽(tīng)來(lái)欣賞交響樂(lè)。我要做的就是去CD架，或者打開(kāi)電腦從蘋果樂(lè)園上的錄制音樂(lè)。20世紀(jì)偉大的古典音樂(lè)演奏者的唱片作品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這些唱片價(jià)格低廉，隨處可以買到，而且在藝術(shù)樂(lè)到處都能獲得，給傳統(tǒng)古典音樂(lè)帶來(lái)了。為一個(gè)“在市場(chǎng)上獨(dú)具特色且更有的音樂(lè)團(tuán)體”。但這有何本質(zhì)不同？?jī)H僅增加樂(lè)團(tuán)演奏的曲目是不夠的。如果吉爾伯特和愛(ài)樂(lè)樂(lè)團(tuán)想獲得成功，就必須首先改變這一最老的管弦樂(lè)團(tuán)與其想爭(zhēng)取的新觀眾之間的關(guān)Text一、文章題材結(jié)構(gòu)分析2009Job的文章。二、試題解析McGee【答案】【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)【解析】文章首段首句提到，“WhenLiamMcGeedepartedhisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.”，即“當(dāng)LiamMcGee離開(kāi)時(shí)，他給出的解釋出乎意料地坦率”，后文具體描述時(shí)還提到，“Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaid，即“他不是借助一些慣用的閃爍其詞來(lái)掩飾他的離職，而是直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)……”，B項(xiàng)frank是對(duì)文中“straightup”和“rightout”的同義替換，所以為正確答案。A項(xiàng)是利用文中首段第二句的引言處設(shè)置的干擾；C項(xiàng)是從“wasverymu D項(xiàng)是近義干擾，但是與文意不符，文中明確談到hewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany”，可根據(jù)第二段，高級(jí)管理辭職的原因也許是【答案】【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)【解析】本題問(wèn)