資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：閱讀填空專(zhuān)題指導(dǎo)試題結(jié)構(gòu)。閱讀填空題是語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用類(lèi)試題，旨在考查學(xué)生搜集信息（包括直接信息和間接信息）、處理信息、運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言傳遞信息的的能力。閱讀填空分正文和表格兩部分，正文為約300字的一篇短文；而表格為信息搜集與處理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)約定和潛在幫助，同時(shí)又是信息搜集與處理結(jié)果的定位區(qū)域。表格中一般設(shè)10個(gè)空，要求考生依據(jù)正文內(nèi)容和表格結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，用不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞的語(yǔ)段來(lái)填補(bǔ)空缺，使表格內(nèi)容上下左右呼應(yīng)通達(dá)。表格之外有外標(biāo)題（Title），可視為正文的標(biāo)題；表格結(jié)構(gòu)基本與正文吻合，內(nèi)含若干列標(biāo)題和行標(biāo)題，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)正文主干；表格細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容為涵蓋全篇正文的簡(jiǎn)約表述。試題特征。分析近年英語(yǔ)高考試題閱讀填空，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀填空題有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)。主觀性：順應(yīng)全球語(yǔ)言測(cè)試的大方向:增加主觀題，減少客觀題，是英語(yǔ)試題優(yōu)化的趨勢(shì)。運(yùn)用性：需對(duì)現(xiàn)有語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行整理、重組和概括。一致性：一方面，表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容與正文一致；另一方面，表格內(nèi)容的表述形式要一致。概括性：體現(xiàn)在使用3個(gè)單詞以?xún)?nèi)的小語(yǔ)段，來(lái)表達(dá)一個(gè)句子、幾個(gè)句子、甚至整篇。準(zhǔn)確性：就是要用無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤的規(guī)范語(yǔ)言科學(xué)地概括正文的主要內(nèi)容。應(yīng)試方略。理解正文大意和結(jié)構(gòu)。表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容的設(shè)置是以正文為依據(jù)的，只有讀懂了正文，才能順利地在表格中填出相應(yīng)的信息?？忌梢圆捎眠呑x邊記要點(diǎn)的方法，將記敘文的人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、起因和結(jié)果等簡(jiǎn)要地記下來(lái)，將議論文的總論點(diǎn)、分論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)等加以概括，很有可能表格的不少答案已在其中了。分析表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容。一般情況下，表格的第一列或第一行為項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容即小標(biāo)題（列標(biāo)題和行標(biāo)題），通常就是段落和表格的主題句,它標(biāo)示著其下方或右邊細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容所涉及的方向與范圍，這些細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的填充可借助于小標(biāo)題，同樣，小標(biāo)題的概括由各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)決定。表格內(nèi)的所有項(xiàng)目之間存在著邏輯關(guān)系，彼此約束，相互支撐，互為聯(lián)系。確定題目答案。在實(shí)際做題過(guò)程中，考生不妨采用“表格—正文—表格”的模式。先略讀表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，以把握正文的總體脈絡(luò)，明了表格空缺所涉及的主要問(wèn)題。然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀正文部分，邊讀邊記正文要點(diǎn)，避免填一空回頭讀一遍文章造成的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)。接下來(lái)，用所記的文章要點(diǎn)幫助表格填空，有些屬基礎(chǔ)題可直接引用原文詞匯和語(yǔ)句；而某些活用題則需要運(yùn)用常識(shí)和所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，對(duì)原來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語(yǔ)意復(fù)雜的主題句化繁為簡(jiǎn)，簡(jiǎn)約地用與相鄰語(yǔ)句相同或相似的形式表述出來(lái)；難度較大的總結(jié)概括性題目如列標(biāo)題和行標(biāo)題，通常放在細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全后完成，概括力求有針對(duì)性，準(zhǔn)確，全面，得體。最后，總覽所填表格內(nèi)容，避免遺漏，保證上下左右語(yǔ)意貫通。第一節(jié)引用原文詞匯和語(yǔ)句※考點(diǎn)提示順利解答閱讀填空題技巧之一就是，采用邊讀邊記要點(diǎn)的方法，用所記的文章要點(diǎn)幫助表格填空。表格中基礎(chǔ)性題目很多可以直接引用原文中的詞匯和語(yǔ)句即語(yǔ)段。引用原文時(shí)（當(dāng)然亦適用于其它情況）應(yīng)注意字母的大小寫(xiě)問(wèn)題。無(wú)論在原文中語(yǔ)段首字母是大寫(xiě)還是小寫(xiě)，填空時(shí)一般要根據(jù)表格內(nèi)現(xiàn)有同級(jí)語(yǔ)段的書(shū)寫(xiě)來(lái)確定，位于同一個(gè)表格內(nèi)不同語(yǔ)段的大小寫(xiě)的規(guī)則，因所處的級(jí)別位置不同而不同。另外，不同的表格可能采用不同的大小寫(xiě)規(guī)則。規(guī)律小結(jié)①解題一般步驟:分析表格結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住主要問(wèn)題；理解正文大意，列出文章概要；理清表格層次，先做細(xì)節(jié)題，再定小標(biāo)題，最后的大標(biāo)題。②注意大小寫(xiě)的規(guī)范性，表格外大標(biāo)題多數(shù)為每個(gè)單詞首字母大寫(xiě)，表格內(nèi)的小標(biāo)題和細(xì)解題應(yīng)視具體情況而定，不可一概而論。=3\*GB3③題目設(shè)計(jì)者一定會(huì)設(shè)置3－5道直接引用原文詞匯和語(yǔ)句的題目，我們首先要保證這部分題拿滿(mǎn)分?！接?xùn)練Everytwoyears,citiesaroundtheworldmakebidstotheInternationalOlympicCommission(IOC)tohosttheOlympicGames.Today,citiesareselectedthroughamuchmorerigorous(嚴(yán)格的)process.AnycitythatwantstohosttheOlympicGamesputsinitsnametotheIOCandisconsideredan“ApplicantCity1)ThecitymustprovethatitisbigenoughtohandletheOlympics.Italsoneedstoshowthatitcanhandlethehighlevelofsecurity(安全)neededatthegames.2)ThecityneedstoconvincethelocalpeoplethattheexpensesofcoveringtheOlympics(whichmaybecoveredbyraisingtaxes)areworthitincityimprovementandnewjobs.3)Thecityneedstomaintainahighlypositivemediaexposuretocarrythegames.IftheIOCdecidesthatacityhasfulfilledthethreepointsabove,itisconsidereda“CandidateCity”andgoesintothesecondphaseoftheprocess.Afteranapplicationandanapplicationfeesubmitted(遞交),theIOCmakesafinaljudgmentonwhichcityisthebestcandidateforthecomingSummerorWinterOlympicGames.Thecostforbiddingforthegamesisincrediblyhigh.BidcommitteesmustpayanapplicationfeetotheIOC.(Thefeeforhostingthe2012OlympicsisUS$150,000.)Followingthefee,thecitiesgenerallyneedtobeginlargeconstructionprojectslikebuildingthe“Olympicvillage”,newsportsarenas(競(jìng)技場(chǎng))andstadiums,andtransportationsystems.

SincetheOlympicsaresoexpensive,whydocitieswanttohostthegames

CitiesbidfortheOlympicsforavarietyofreasons:thedesiretoshowprideintheircityandtheircountry,theeagernesstobeintheinternationalspotlightfortwoweeks,theopportunitytobringnewjobsintothecommunity,andtobuilduptourismforthatcity.BidfortheOlympicsBiddingphasesNecessaryconstructionprojectsReasonsforbiddingfirstphase79.____81.____83.____putinnameto76.______Submittheapplicationandpay80.____newsportsarenasbeingeagertobecometheinternationalspotlighttheIOCinvestigatesthecityonthreepoints77._____

makefinaljudgmentstadiums84.____78._____highlypositivemediaexposure82.____85.____第二節(jié)歸納總結(jié)※考點(diǎn)警示①既然歸納總結(jié)是抓住眾多信息的主要共有特征，那么，做題時(shí)就應(yīng)首先將眾多信息搜集齊全，再做分析，以避免歸納片面性的發(fā)生。然后將次要信息特征果斷丟棄，最后利用所學(xué)知識(shí)調(diào)整用詞，簡(jiǎn)潔表達(dá)。②潛心搜集掌握撰寫(xiě)文章和分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)常用的不同種類(lèi)的詞匯。⑴item,topic,subject,title,fact,data,source,character,time,place⑵sex,age,birth,nationality,career,experience,education,⑶problem,cause,reason,way,method,solution,access,sign,feature,phenomena,usage,function,procedure,stage,phase,action,measure,effect,result,consequence,conclusion,comment,assessment,improvement⑷aim,purpose,plan,activity,demand,requirement,advice,opinion,suggestion⑸content,amount,number,difference,similarity,advantage,virtue,disadvantage※同步訓(xùn)練Whileitisimpossibletolivecompletelyfreeofstress,itispossibletopreventstressaswellasreduceitseffectwhenitcan’tbeavoided.TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress.TryphysicalactivityWhenyouarenervous,angryorupset,tryreleasingthepressurethroughexerciseorphysicalactivity.Running,walking,playingtennis,orworkinginyourgardenarejustsomeoftheactivitiesyoumighttry.TakecareofyourselfYoushouldmakeeveryefforttoeatwellandgetenoughrest.Ifyoueasilygetangryandcannotsleepwellenough,orifyou’renoteatingproperly,itwillbemorelikelythatyouwillfallintostressfulsituations.Ifstressrepeatedlykeepsyoufromsleeping,youshouldconsultadoctor.MaketimeforyourselfScheduletimeforbothworkandentertainment.Don’tforget,playcanbejustasimportanttoyouover-allwell-beingaswork.Youneedabreakfromyourdailyroutinetojustrelaxandhavefun.Gowindow-shoppingorworkonahobby.Allowyourselfatleastahalfhoureachdaytodosomethingyouenjoy.MakealistofthethingsyouneedtodoStresscanresultfromdisorganizationandafeelingthat“there’ssomuchtodo,andnotenoughtime”.Tryingtotakecareofeverythingatoncecanbetoomuchforyouandasaresult,youmaynotachieveanything.Instead,makealistofeverythingyouhavetodo,thendoonethingatatime,checkingoffeachtaskasitiscompleted.Setouttodothemostimportanttasksfirst.HowtodealwithstressPhenomenaorreasons76_________Action(s)Beingnervous,angryorupsetTryphysicalactivity·running·walking·playingtennis·77___________________·78______________·Notsleepingwellenough·Eating79____________Takecareofyourself·eatingwell·80___________________·consultingadoctorSchedulingtimeforbothworkandentertainmentnotproperly81_________foryourself·82_______________·workingonahobby·doingsomethingyouenjoy83._____________andfeelingthattimeisnotenoughMakealistofthethings·84._____________atatime·85______________eachtaskasitiscompleted·settingouttodothemostimportant第三節(jié)運(yùn)用常識(shí)解題規(guī)律小結(jié)閱讀填空正文及表格部分，都有可能涉及到各方面的常識(shí)，如英美基本文化知識(shí)，生活小知識(shí)，自然科學(xué)及社會(huì)科學(xué)知識(shí)等。平時(shí)應(yīng)注意知識(shí)積累的橫向平衡，博覽群書(shū)，善于總結(jié)，勤于記憶?！接?xùn)練ItisDecemberthirty-first,2004,thetimewhentheoldyeardiesandtheNewYearisborn.ManyAmericanshavepartiesathomeandinvitealltheirfriends.Manyoftheseeventsarenoisy。Peopleshoutandsing.TheyoftenblowonsmallnoisemakerswhentheNewYeararrivesatmidnight.Theykisstheirhusbandorwifeorthepersontheyarewith.Theydancetomusic.OtherAmericansspendaquieteveningathome.TheydrinkChampagneatmidnighttowelcometheNewYear.

SomepeopledrinktoomuchalcoholatNewYear’sEvecelebrations.Thiscanleadtotragicresultsifapersondrinkstoomuchandthendrivesacar.TheNationalSafetyCouncilsayshundredsofpeopledieinroadaccidentsduringtheholiday.Inrecentyears,thedangerofaccidentshasresultedinanewtraditioncalledthe“designateddriver”O(jiān)nepersonamongagroupoffriendsdrinkslittleornoalcoholduringNewYear’sEvecelebrations.Thenthisdesignateddrivercansafelydrivetheotherpeoplehome.ManyAmericancitiesalsoofferfreetaxiserviceonNewYear’sEvetotakepeoplehomesafely.OtherAmericansobservethecomingoftheNewYearateventswithoutalcohol.Morethan220AmericancitiesholdtheseFirstNightcelebrations.ArtistsinBostonMassachusettsstartedthetraditionofFirstNightcelebrationsiHowAmericansObserveNewYear’sDayWaystocelebrateCelebrationswithalcoholCelebrationswithoutalcohol76_________AthomeAttheatresor83_______ActivitiesDrinkingpartieswith78_______Attendingmusic84______orart85____________Makingvery79_________KissingeachotherDancingtomusicMainproblemsManydeathsontheroad80___________drink-and-driveNoneWays77__________theproblemMakingarrangementsforsomepeoplenot81_____soastodriveothershomesafelyNone82____freetaxiservicetotakepeoplehomesafely第四節(jié)運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)解題※考點(diǎn)提示閱讀填空所有題目都具有簡(jiǎn)約表述的特征，將句、段、文濃縮簡(jiǎn)化為三個(gè)單詞以?xún)?nèi)的小語(yǔ)段，技巧之一就是運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)主要是語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，如非謂語(yǔ)的各種形式、名詞所有格、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、修飾語(yǔ)和中心詞間的換位等等。規(guī)律小結(jié)用名詞所有格形式“S”代替介詞of⑴theold-growingofthe"babyboomers"→Babyboomers’oldgrowing⑵Thepowerofgovernment→Thegovernment’spower⑶afriendofhermother→Hermother’sfriend②詞性轉(zhuǎn)換⑴Theyalsohavefewerabsencesandarelesslikelytoblame→lessblame（副詞less轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，動(dòng)詞blame轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞）⑵Theyaretryingtomakinglivingconditionsbetter→Betteringlivingcondition（形容詞better轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，并使用非謂語(yǔ)-ing形式）⑶VitaminCisnecessaryforstrongbonesandteeth,andforhealthybloodvessels→Beinga_necessity/must_forstrongbonesandteethandhealthyblood.（形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞）③使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞⑴thefactthatpeopleintheU.S.arelivinglonger→Citizens’livinglonger⑵designedtoimproveacademicperformance→improvingacademicperformance⑶Theyaretryingtomakinglivingconditionsbetter→Betteringlivingcondition④句子轉(zhuǎn)為詞組⑴Onelikelydevelopmentwillbeagradualchangeinthefamilyunit→Familyunitchange⑵Theotherlikelydevelopmentwillbeachangeintheproportion(比例)ofthenation'sworkforce→Workforceproportionchange⑶Next,after-schoolprogramsmakeabiggerdifferenceforthosestudentswhoneedhelpmostandhavethefewestchoices→studentdifference⑷Insub-SaharanAfricathecropsaredryingoutinthefieldsandpeoplearedyingofstarvation→Peopledyingofstarvation⑸Londonmayneverseea”whiteChristmas”→Nosnow/NowhiteChristmas⑹Parkingisusuallyfree,andtheweatherinsideisalwaysfine.→FreeparkingandFineweather⑤運(yùn)用反義詞前后綴、合成詞連字符等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)⑴利用反義詞前綴un-，dis-，in-，im-，ir-，il-，de-等使表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)約化如:uncomfortable,unload,uncover,dislike,informal,inaccurate,irregular,irresponsible,illegal,illogical,devalued等。⑵利用反義詞后綴-less，如：careless,hopeless,selfishness,motionless等。⑶利用構(gòu)成名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞的后綴，以實(shí)現(xiàn)原文詞匯向表格所需詞匯形式的轉(zhuǎn)化，如：confidence,assistance,dependence,acceptance,repetition,division,reality,settlement,greatness,warmth,safety,failure,pressure;available,powerful,childish,significance,continuous;strengthen,modernize等。⑷利用連字符簡(jiǎn)化表達(dá)用詞數(shù)量，如：Somewerewellbuiltandattractive→well–builtandattractivephysicaldevelopment,mentaldevelopment,andsocialdevelopment→all-rounddevelopment※同步訓(xùn)練Muchofourgoodhealthdependsonthecooperationbetweensubstances.Whentheyworktogether,chemicalreactionstakeplacesmoothly.Bodysystemsarekeptinbalance.Someofthemostimportanthelpersinthejobofgoodhealtharethesubstanceswecallvitamins.VitaminAisneededtoproducealight-sensitivesubstanceintheeyes.PeoplewhodonotgetenoughvitaminAcannotseewellinthedark.ThebestsourceofvitaminAisfishliveroil.Italsoisfoundintheyellowpartofeggs.Inaddition,squash,sweetpotatoes,carrotsandotherdarklycoloredfruitsandvegetablescontainsubstancesthatthebodycanchangeintovitaminA.VitaminB-1isalsocalledthiamine.Itchangesstarchyfoodsintoenergy.Italsohelpstheheartandnervoussystemworksmoothly.Withoutit,wewouldbeweakandwouldnotgrow.Thiamineisfoundnotjustinwholegrainslikebrownrice,butalsoinotherfoods.Theseincludebeansandpeas,nutsandmeatandfish.VitaminB-12isneededsofolicacidcandoitswork.Together,theyhelpproduceredbloodcells.Withoutthem,apersonsuffersfromanemia(貧血).VitaminB-12isfoundnaturallyinfoodssuchaseggs,meat,fishandmilkproducts.VitaminCisnecessaryforstrongbonesandteeth,andforhealthybloodvessels.Italsohelpswoundshealquickly.ThebodystoresverylittlevitaminC.Sowemustgetiteverydayinfoodssuchascitrusfruits,tomatoesanduncookedcabbage.VitaminsKindsofvitaminsFunctions76ProblemscausedforlackofitvitaminAhelpingpreventpoor77atnightfishliveroil,yellowpartofeggs,darklycoloredfruitsandvegetables78______toseewellinthedarkvitaminB-1helpingthe79systemwholegrains,beans,nuts,meatandfish81andslowgrowthgoodforthe80workoftheheartandnervoussystemvitaminB-12helpingpreventa82calledanemia83likeeggs,meat,fishandmilkproductsanemiavitaminCa84forstrongbonesandteethandhealthybloodvesselsCitrusfruitstomatoesanduncookedvegetablesdiseasewith85_______※參考答案閱讀填空模擬訓(xùn)練一【答案】76.theIOC77.sizeandsecurity78.citizens’support79.secondphase80.anapplicationfee81.Olympicvillage82.transportationsystems83.showingpride84.morejobopportunities85.buildinguptourism 本文介紹申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的程序及舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的前期準(zhǔn)備工作，表格的難度設(shè)置不大，旨在培養(yǎng)完成閱讀填空題的信心。76、80、81、82題屬直接應(yīng)用原文詞匯題，77、83、84、85題取自原文的靈活表達(dá)題，79題為借助于表格中的firstphase可填出的判斷推理題，78題為本表格的難點(diǎn)和亮點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)考查考生的概括能力和準(zhǔn)確表述能力。閱讀填空模擬訓(xùn)練四【答案】76.Solutions/ways

77.gardening

78.Easilygettingangry79.improperly

80.gettingenoughrest

81.Maketime82.goingwindow-shopping

83.Disorganizingtime

84.doingonething85.checkingoff本文介紹減輕壓力的幾種有效方法。76題述列標(biāo)題，自其下面的四個(gè)段標(biāo)題概括而出，又得助于第一段末句TheUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesoffersthefollowingsuggestionsforwaystodealwithstress的幫助。77題將原句Running,walking,playingtennis,orworkinginyourgardenarejustsomeoftheactivitiesyoumighttry中的garden轉(zhuǎn)化成了動(dòng)詞，并使用了與其屬同一級(jí)別語(yǔ)段的-ing形式。78題將第三段Ifyoueasilygetangryandcannotsleepwellenough中的關(guān)鍵詞匯的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)?ing。79題利用反義詞前綴im-壓縮了原句orifyou’renoteatingproperly中的用詞數(shù)量。80題把原文Youshouldmakeeveryefforttoeatwellandgetenoughrest中的關(guān)鍵詞匯形式轉(zhuǎn)化為-ing。81題所用詞匯直接來(lái)源于段標(biāo)題Maketimeforyourself。82題轉(zhuǎn)化原句Gowindow-shoppingorworkonahobby緊要詞匯的形式為Goingwindow-shopping。83題利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，將Stresscanresultfromdisorganizationandafeelingthat“there’ssomuchtodo,andnotenoughtime”中的名詞disorganization轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞，并增補(bǔ)必要用詞time，變式表達(dá)為Disorganizingtime。84題和85題均取自原句thendoonethingatatime,checkingoffeachtaskasitiscompleted詞匯doonething和checkingoff，然后動(dòng)詞都用了-ing?！鶇⒖即鸢搁喿x填空模擬訓(xùn)練五【答案】76Places77tosolve/ofsolving78friends79loudnoises80causedby/resultedfrom81todrink(wine/alcohol)82offering83museums84concerts85shows/exhibitions原元文介紹美國(guó)人過(guò)新年。76題右邊兩格提示為過(guò)新年的地點(diǎn)Places。77題依靠語(yǔ)言知識(shí)用tosolve/ofsolving將Ways和theproblem連在一起。78題friends直接源于ManyAmericanshavepartiesathomeandinvitealltheirfriends。79題loudnoises由Manyoftheseeventsarenoisy和Peopleshoutandsing中重點(diǎn)詞匯歸納所得。80題causedby/resultedfrom是Thiscanleadtotragicresultsifapersondrinkstoomuchandthendrivesacar中l(wèi)eadto的轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)。81題同樣為Onepersonamongagrou