ReflectionsofTimeConcept

Linearextensionandcircularrotation線伸環(huán)旋Western:extension,senseoftimeshortage,futurevaluedChinese:rotation,senseoftimeabundance,pastcherished昨天今天明天ReflectionsofTimeConcept1Timeisariver,atorrent,awaterfall.Timeismarching,flyingandflowing.

Time

iscomparedtowater

TimeandtidewaitfornomanTimelostisneverfoundagainTimeisariver,atorrent,a“Timeisthedevourerofeverything.”—OvidRomanPoet43B.C.EnglishPoet(1608–1674)EnglishPlaywright(1564–1616)

時(shí)間是一切事物的吞食者。 —

奧維特“Timeisthesubtlethiefofyouth.”--Milton“Timeismostbriskandgiddy-paced.” --Shakespeare

時(shí)間是竊走青春的神秘盜賊。

—

彌爾頓

時(shí)間步伐如此迅疾，令人眼花繚亂。

—

莎士比亞QuotationsfromPoets“Timeisthedevourerofevery昨天今天明天昨天今天明天Time’sPacesWhenIwasababeandweptandslept,

Timecrept;

WhenIwasaboyandlaughedandtalked,

Timewalked.

Thenwhentheyearssawmeaman,

Timeran.

ButasIoldergrew,

Timeflew.

Soon,asIjourneyon,

I'llfindtimegone.

MayChristhavesavedmysoul,bythen,

Amen.GuyPentreath

(1902-1985)

昨天今天明天昨天今天明天Time’sPacesGuyPe春與秋其代序。 （屈原：《離騷》） Springalternateswithautumn.

日月光華，旦復(fù)旦兮。(《尚書大傳》上卷） Thesunalternateswiththemoon; Dayscomeoneafteranothersoon.Timeislikeacircle

春與秋其代序。 （屈原：《離騷》） Springalte失之東隅，收之桑榆。Whatislostatsunrisecanberegainedatsunset.

—

馮異Idiom:時(shí)來(lái)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Thefavorofthetimecyclebringsgoodluck.失之東隅，收之桑榆。Whatislostatsu

Afterextremebadluck,comesgoodluck枯木逢春猶再發(fā)AwitheredtreecomestolifeagainAfterextremebadluck,comesAmericansbelievetimeisalimitedresource,theytrytoconserveandmanageit.Peopledoalltheycantosqueezemorelifeoutoftheirtime.Doyoulovelife?Thendonotwastetime,forthatisthestufflifeismadeof.AmericansbelievetimeisSubjectivetimeandobjectivetimeAmericansseetimeasavaluableresource.Maybethat'swhytheyarefondoftheexpression,"Timeismoney."AmericansenseoftimeshortageSubjectivetimeandobjectivedeadlinesplansappointmentspocketplannerscalendarsaccountingsontimeintimetimemanagementstimetablesagendasschedulesdeadlinesplansappointmentspockAmericansseemtiedtotheclock.AmericansseemtiedtothecloTheBlockbusterTheBlockbusterAmericanlifestylesshowhowmuchpeoplerespectthetimeofothers.Whenpeopleplananevent,theyoftensetthetimedaysorweeksinadvance.Oncethetimeisfixed,ittakesalmostanemergencytochangeit.Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit,theywillusuallycallfirsttomakesureitisconvenient.中西時(shí)間觀念的對(duì)比分析Tooutsiders,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.Peopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocieties,peopledon'ttrytocontroltime,buttoexperienceit.Chinese,forexample,viewtimeasacycle.Theyfinditeasierto"gowiththeflow"thanAmericans,wholikeplanstobefixedandunchangeable.Tooutsiders,AmericVIIIVIIVIVIVIIIIIILineartimeconceptTimeismarchingforwardLosttimeisneverfoundagainTimeisalimitedresourceTimeismoney,valueitPunctualityRespectLifestyleCauseandEffectVIIIVIIVIVIVIIIIIILineartimeChinesesenseoftimeabundanceTheChinesenation’sconceptoftimeisrootedinthecultureoffarmingtime;timehasacloserelationwiththenature.Timeisreallyfleeting,butitalsocircleliketheconstantlychangingoffourseasons,andthesunandthemooncyclealternately,itwillcomebacksoon;sopeopleusuallythinkthatthelosttimecouldbeback.Thiskindofviewoftimeshapedpeopleasensethattimeisrich,andalsonurturedahabitofleisureandslowlivinghabit.

ChinesesenseoftimeabundancCasesTimeforChineseismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered.TheyusuallyscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametimeTheyusuallyputinterpersonalrelationsabovethescheduleThebigshotusuallyislateCases慢走慢用慢慢看慢慢做慢慢商量慢慢欣賞慢慢來(lái)慢走慢用慢慢看慢慢做慢慢商量慢慢欣賞慢慢來(lái)Americanfutureorientationthewesterners(especiallytheAmericans)wereinfluencedbytheChristian“originalsin”,tendingtobelieve“menattheirbirth,arenaturallyevil.Somostofthemchoosethefuturistictimeorientation.Suchas:A.“跟上時(shí)代”(keepingupwiththetime)B.“關(guān)注未來(lái)”(keepinganeyeonthefuture)astheactionguidance.C.Itwaswidelybelievedthatequalityinopportunitiesforeverybody,insignificanceinhistory.Iftheyworkhard,itwillbesuccessful;Changemeansprogress,andnewthingsarealwaysbetterthantheoldthings.AmericanfutureorientationtheChinesepastorientationChinaastherepresentativeofAsianschoosetolookbackinthetimeorientationCulturalfactors:Asians(especiallytheChinese)wasinfluencedbytraditionalConfucianculture,sotendingtobelieve“Menattheirbirtharenaturallygood”.Andsocialguidanceinclinetotradition.Expressions:A.consideringwhetherthismatterhasbeendoneoverthepastandwhatthesuccessfulexperienceandlessonsfromfailuresis.B.worshippingofancestors,respectingtheelderlyandteachers,attachingimportancetoexperience,age,whichhasrelationwiththepast.ChinesepastorientationChina中西時(shí)間觀念的對(duì)比分析Theword“Lao”inChinausedtoshowrespecttothosewhoaremoreexperiencedandusuallyolder,like“LaoLi”,“LaoWang”.Inthiswayweshowrespectandamitytotheoldpeople,whichindicatesapasttimeorientation.中西時(shí)間觀念的對(duì)比分析

Chinesebelongtothe“pasttimeorientation”,andtheChinesenationhavealonghistoryforfivethousandyears,sopeopleinChinaattachgreatimportancetohistoryandtradition.AlthoughcontemporaryChinesepeoplealsopayattentiontolookforward,“past”alsotakeanimportantroleinpeople’sdeepheart.Ontheotherhand,peopleholdadifferentattitudeonthepredecessors.Thisisbecausethecleardifferenceintheattitudetotheword“old”.Soyoumustusesomeeuphemism,suchas“senior”,“aged”,“veteran”，“citizen”,”goldenager”,“elder”,etc.AllthesereflecttheAmerican’s“future-oriented”conceptionoftimeindirectly.Theythinkthatpastthingarejustthepast,theynevertreatpastthingasagoodthing.ChinesebelongtothOldmeansmaturity,fullofwisdomandexperienceOldmeansmaturity,fullofwi“old”means“useless”,“hopeless”,Oldmeansuseless,hopeless,fragile,approachingtodeath“old”means“useless”,“hopele昨天今天明天昨天今天明天InTheSilentLanguage,Halllaysemphasisonthevoicesoftime.“Timetalks.Itspeaksmoreplainlythanwords.Themessageitconveyscomesthroughloudandclear.Becauseitismanipulatedlessconsciously,itissubjecttolessdistortionthanthespokenlanguage.Itcanshoutthetruthwherewordslie.”EdwardTwitchellHall昨天今天明天昨天今天明天EdwardTwitchellHChangesWiththeaccelerationoftheChina'smodernization,andtheincreaseofforeignexchange,weareconstantlyabsorbingintheessenceoftheforeignculture,andtheconceptoftimealsograduallychanged.ThelinearsenseoftimegraduallyengagedintotheChineseculture.Meanwhile,westerners’understandingandacceptancedegreetotraditionalChinesecultureisconstantlyimproving,withtheincreaseofvariousculturalcommunication,thephenomenonofculturalfusionalsoincreased,Chineseandwesternersrespectiveincreasingexchangetheiroriginaltraditionalconceptoftimegradually.Asfortheabovephenomenon,wecandoasfollows:ChangesWiththeaccRespectforculturaldifferencesandreducingcommunicationbarriers.Respectculturalcustomsmutually.

Abandonnationalcenter-culturalideasRespectforculturaldifferencPurposesTohelpustounderstandthesetwokindsofculturalmainstreamtendencybetter;Toovercomethecommunicationbarriersandmisunderstandingsincross-culturalcommunication;TolearnfromeachandseekmutualpromotionandaccommodationPurposesTohelpustoundersta昨天今天明天昨天今天明天HOURGLASSTheflowofsandinanhourglasscanbeusedtokeeptrackofelapsedtime.Italsoconcretelyrepresentsthepresentasbeingbetweenthepastandthefuture.昨天今天明天昨天今天明天HOURGLASSTheflow

ReflectionsofTimeConcept

Linearextensionandcircularrotation線伸環(huán)旋Western:extension,senseoftimeshortage,futurevaluedChinese:rotation,senseoftimeabundance,pastcherished昨天今天明天ReflectionsofTimeConcept31Timeisariver,atorrent,awaterfall.Timeismarching,flyingandflowing.

Time

iscomparedtowater

TimeandtidewaitfornomanTimelostisneverfoundagainTimeisariver,atorrent,a“Timeisthedevourerofeverything.”—OvidRomanPoet43B.C.EnglishPoet(1608–1674)EnglishPlaywright(1564–1616)

時(shí)間是一切事物的吞食者。 —

奧維特“Timeisthesubtlethiefofyouth.”--Milton“Timeismostbriskandgiddy-paced.” --Shakespeare

時(shí)間是竊走青春的神秘盜賊。

—

彌爾頓

時(shí)間步伐如此迅疾，令人眼花繚亂。

—

莎士比亞QuotationsfromPoets“Timeisthedevourerofevery昨天今天明天昨天今天明天Time’sPacesWhenIwasababeandweptandslept,

Timecrept;

WhenIwasaboyandlaughedandtalked,

Timewalked.

Thenwhentheyearssawmeaman,

Timeran.

ButasIoldergrew,

Timeflew.

Soon,asIjourneyon,

I'llfindtimegone.

MayChristhavesavedmysoul,bythen,

Amen.GuyPentreath

(1902-1985)

昨天今天明天昨天今天明天Time’sPacesGuyPe春與秋其代序。 （屈原：《離騷》） Springalternateswithautumn.

日月光華，旦復(fù)旦兮。(《尚書大傳》上卷） Thesunalternateswiththemoon; Dayscomeoneafteranothersoon.Timeislikeacircle

春與秋其代序。 （屈原：《離騷》） Springalte失之東隅，收之桑榆。Whatislostatsunrisecanberegainedatsunset.

—

馮異Idiom:時(shí)來(lái)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)Thefavorofthetimecyclebringsgoodluck.失之東隅，收之桑榆。Whatislostatsu

Afterextremebadluck,comesgoodluck枯木逢春猶再發(fā)AwitheredtreecomestolifeagainAfterextremebadluck,comesAmericansbelievetimeisalimitedresource,theytrytoconserveandmanageit.Peopledoalltheycantosqueezemorelifeoutoftheirtime.Doyoulovelife?Thendonotwastetime,forthatisthestufflifeismadeof.AmericansbelievetimeisSubjectivetimeandobjectivetimeAmericansseetimeasavaluableresource.Maybethat'swhytheyarefondoftheexpression,"Timeismoney."AmericansenseoftimeshortageSubjectivetimeandobjectivedeadlinesplansappointmentspocketplannerscalendarsaccountingsontimeintimetimemanagementstimetablesagendasschedulesdeadlinesplansappointmentspockAmericansseemtiedtotheclock.AmericansseemtiedtothecloTheBlockbusterTheBlockbusterAmericanlifestylesshowhowmuchpeoplerespectthetimeofothers.Whenpeopleplananevent,theyoftensetthetimedaysorweeksinadvance.Oncethetimeisfixed,ittakesalmostanemergencytochangeit.Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit,theywillusuallycallfirsttomakesureitisconvenient.中西時(shí)間觀念的對(duì)比分析Tooutsiders,Americansseemtiedtotheclock.Peopleinotherculturesvaluerelationshipsmorethanschedules.Inthesesocieties,peopledon'ttrytocontroltime,buttoexperienceit.Chinese,forexample,viewtimeasacycle.Theyfinditeasierto"gowiththeflow"thanAmericans,wholikeplanstobefixedandunchangeable.Tooutsiders,AmericVIIIVIIVIVIVIIIIIILineartimeconceptTimeismarchingforwardLosttimeisneverfoundagainTimeisalimitedresourceTimeismoney,valueitPunctualityRespectLifestyleCauseandEffectVIIIVIIVIVIVIIIIIILineartimeChinesesenseoftimeabundanceTheChinesenation’sconceptoftimeisrootedinthecultureoffarmingtime;timehasacloserelationwiththenature.Timeisreallyfleeting,butitalsocircleliketheconstantlychangingoffourseasons,andthesunandthemooncyclealternately,itwillcomebacksoon;sopeopleusuallythinkthatthelosttimecouldbeback.Thiskindofviewoftimeshapedpeopleasensethattimeisrich,andalsonurturedahabitofleisureandslowlivinghabit.

ChinesesenseoftimeabundancCasesTimeforChineseismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered.TheyusuallyscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametimeTheyusuallyputinterpersonalrelationsabovethescheduleThebigshotusuallyislateCases慢走慢用慢慢看慢慢做慢慢商量慢慢欣賞慢慢來(lái)慢走慢用慢慢看慢慢做慢慢商量慢慢欣賞慢慢來(lái)Americanfutureorientationthewesterners(especiallytheAmericans)wereinfluencedbytheChristian“originalsin”,tendingtobelieve“menattheirbirth,arenaturallyevil.Somostofthemchoosethefuturistictimeorientation.Suchas:A.“跟上時(shí)代”(keepingupwiththetime)B.“關(guān)注未來(lái)”(keepinganeyeonthefuture)astheactionguidance.C.Itwaswidelybelievedthatequalityinopportunitiesforeverybody,insignificanceinhistory.Iftheyworkhard,itwillbesuccessful;Changemeansprogress,andnewthingsarealwaysbetterthantheoldthings.AmericanfutureorientationtheChinesepastorientationChinaastherepresentativeofAsianschoosetolookbackinthetimeorientationCulturalfactors:Asians(especiallytheChinese)wasinfluencedbytraditionalConfucianculture,sotendingtobelieve“Menattheirbirtharenaturallygood”.Andsocialguidanceinclinetotradition.Expressions:A.consideringwhetherthismatterhasbeendoneoverthepastandwhatthesuccessfulexperienceandlessonsfromfailuresis.B.worshippingofancestors,respectingtheelderlyandteachers,attachingimportancetoexperience,age,whichhasrelationwiththepast.ChinesepastorientationChina中西時(shí)間觀念的對(duì)比分析Theword“Lao”inChinausedtoshowrespecttothosewhoaremoreexperiencedandusuallyolder,like“LaoLi”,“LaoWang”.Inthiswayweshowrespectandamitytotheoldpeople,whichindicatesapasttimeorientation.中西時(shí)間觀念的對(duì)比分析

Chinesebelongtothe“pasttimeorientation”,andtheChinesenationhavealonghistoryforfivethousandyears,sopeopleinChinaattachgreatimportancetohistoryandtradition.AlthoughcontemporaryChinesepeoplealsopayattentiontolookforward,“past”alsotakeanimportantroleinpeople’sdeepheart.Ontheotherhand,peopleholdadifferentattitudeonthepredecessors.Thisisbecausethecleardifferenceintheattitudetotheword“old”.Soyoumustusesomeeuphemism,suchas“senior”,“aged”,“veteran”，“citizen”,”goldenager”,“elder”,etc.AllthesereflecttheAmerican’s“future-oriented”conceptionoftimeindirectly.Theythinkthatpastthingarejustthepast,theynevertreatpastthingasagoodthing.ChinesebelongtothOldmeansmaturity,fullofwisdomandexperienceOldmeansmaturity,fullofwi“old”means“useless”,“hopeless”,Oldmeansuseless,hopeless,fragile,approachingtodeath“old”means“useless”,“hopele昨天今天明天昨天今天明天InTheSilentLanguage,Halllaysemphasisont