英語讀音規(guī)則及輔音群英語讀音規(guī)則及輔音群英語讀音規(guī)則及輔音群資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月英語讀音規(guī)則及輔音群版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：1.只發(fā)一個音的輔音字母字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞b/b/bakerrainbowwebp/p/pipepeopletopf/f/fightriflewolfq/k/quicksquareIraqh/h/heightbehindr/r/ramcrimek/k/kitebookstoretookv/v/vestvividwavem/m/minetimerwarmw/w/waistoverweightn/n/nighttinyfunz/z/zestzigzagquizy/j/yesyouthyoung2.發(fā)多個音的輔音字母位置字母一般讀音規(guī)則在輔音字母前.在aou前在eiy前在詞尾在不發(fā)音字母前.在iaioie前.在-ion前.在-ure前其他c/k//k//s//k//s////k/climbcomecutecitepicnicpiecesuspicionscured/d//d//d//d//d//d//d/dreamdateduckdividewinddecideCanadianendureg/g//g//d//g//d//d//g/grapegogategymleglargereligionfigures/s//s//z//s//s,z////,//,/slimsuccessseasonsitbusisAdiscussionvisionpressuremeasuret/t//t//t//t//t////,t//t/twisttametidywaitnotepotentialnotionquestionnaturex/ks//gs//gs//ks//ks//k//k/nextexampleexitwaxaxeconnexionanxiousl/?//l/(在任何元音前)/?//?//l//l/milklakelettillmilerebellionfailure1.元音字母組合：字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞ea/i:/beatmeatteam/e/breaddead/ei/great/i/idearealtheateroo/u:/coolboottooth/u/cookfoodtook//bloodee/i:/meetteenheeloa/u/roadcoatgoat/:/broadie/i:/field/ai/dietielie/e/friendeu/ju:/feudalei/i:/receiveceiling/ai/eitherneither/e/leisureoi/i/voicetoiletou/u:/youth/au/countmountain//country//coughtougheo/i:/people/e/leopardoe/u/toepoet/u:/shoeai/ei/aidaimwait/e/saidau/:/autumnauthor/a:/auntue/ju:/due/u:/blueia/ai/dialogueua/u/usualio/ai/pioneeroy/i/boytoyloyalay/ei/daymayway/e/saysey/ei/theyhey/i:/Keyuy/ai/buyye/ai/dyebye注：在非重讀音節(jié)中字母組合讀音大多要改變，通常會發(fā)短音/i/或//，如ea發(fā)/i/:forehead;ee發(fā)/i/:coffee;ai發(fā)/i/:portrait;ay發(fā)/i/:Sunday;ei發(fā)/i/:foreign;eo發(fā)//:surgeon;ey發(fā)/i/:money;io發(fā)/i/:patriot等元音字母+輔音字母組合:字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞ar/a:/park//collaral/:/walktalkall/a:/palmir/:/girl first dirtyaw/:/lawpawnoor/:/floor door/u/poormoorur/:/turn //surpriseere/i/heremere/e/thereare/a:/are/e/care dareor/:/lord border orderoul/u/couldwouldear/e/bear/i/hear(在輔音字母后/e//i/)/a:/heart/:/early(在輔音字母前/a:/:/)er/:/certainservice/a:/clerk//betterwritermannerore/:/beforemorescoreow/au/howbowcrown/u/knowbowgrow//knowledgeeer/i/deerbeerengineeror/:/work//doctoractorour/:/fourcoursecourt/u/tourgourd//colourhonourlabour/:/journeyjournalcourteousaugh/:/caughtough/:/oughtoar/:/boardsoar//cupboardeir/e/heirtheir/i/weird輔音字母組合:1.雙寫輔音字母只讀一個音，如：ff/f/coffee；2.雙寫輔音字母只讀一個音或兩個音：cc/ks/access，success3.兩個輔音字母讀一個音：字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞wr/r/wretchwrotewriteck/k/kick crack checkbt/t/doubtdg/d/judge dj/d/adjectiveadjustts/ts/beatsbootsratsdr/dr/dressdrivedrawds/dz/bedshandstr/tr/trimtraintreatph/f/photophonegraphsh//shapeshepherdnk/k/thinkink thankkn/n/knowknit knightgh/f/toughlaughrh/r/rhythmrhyme4.兩個輔音字母讀兩個或以上的音：字母讀音單詞字母讀音單詞wh/w/what/h/whowholeth//bath//motherng//stronglong/g/tanglelingersc/s/science//consciousch/t/changechief/k/stomachcharacter//machinechampagne/d/spinach元音字母讀音規(guī)則音節(jié)元音字母讀音例詞例外絕對開音節(jié)a/ei/A,later,e/i:/me,beshei(y)/ai/I,chinabymyo/u/no,so,godou/ju:/studentusual相對開音節(jié)a/ei/take,name,facehave,ate,etc.e/i:/Petei(y)/ai/tide,nice,line,typegiveliveo/u/wholehomerolecome,,loveproveu/ju://u:/use,musefusetuberule重讀閉音節(jié)a//am,can,addclasse/e/penyesbesthelpEnglandi(y)/i/itwithbigstillrhythmo//notlotonstopfollowamong,brother,nothing,wonderu//sun,us,mustbush,full,put音節(jié)元音字母讀音例詞例外非重讀音節(jié)a//again,China,puma/i/managefortunate//contrast/ei/celebratee/i/receive,believe,excuse,expect,begin//cameranumeralsilent/e/contenti(y)/i/working,inform,city,lucky//holidayimpossible/ai/paradisesatisfyo//police,protest,obey,/u/pianou//success,succeed/ju/educateinstitute/u/Februaryinstrument輔音群1．詞首或詞中的輔音群英語中輔音組合主要和/s，l，r，j/這幾個音位有關(guān)：

a./s/+/p/,+/t/,+/k/,+/f/,+/m/,+/l/,+/w/,+/j//sp/spyspeakspitsparksportspinsterspear/st/staystillsteakstarstudystudentstorystand/sk/skyskiscoldskateskimschoolskip/sf/spheresphericalsphinx/sm/smallsmacksmithsmile/sn/snowsnakesnatchsnapsneer/sl/slumslimslowsleepslice/sw/swagswearsweaterswallowswansweet/sj/supersuperbsupermansuperiorb.爆破音和摩擦音+/l//pl/playplowpleaseplot /bl/blueblockblameblot/kl/climbclockclassclose /gl/glassglidegloveglad/fl/flyfleeflowflash /sl/slipslowslimc.爆破音和摩擦音+/r//pr/praypressprimeprint /tr/trytreetraintruck/br/breadbreathebringbrother /dr/drivedrydrum/kr/creamcrushcroakcrack /gr/greengrowgreatgrass/fr/Frenchfreefrankfrom /Fr/shrillshrinkshriek/Wr/threethreadthroughthrowd./p,b,k,m,f,h,v/+/j/purepupilbeautybureaucutecuremutemusicfewfusehugehumanview以上輔音組合，一般在發(fā)音時首先發(fā)第一個音位/pbkg/，輕而短促，在發(fā)第一個音時同時準備發(fā)第二音位，要把兩個音位當成一個整體，同步進行，學生最容易犯的錯誤是不能讓兩個音同步性發(fā)出，并在發(fā)音時對第一個音位的處理拖得較長。另外/s/組合中,/s/輕而短促，第二個音位長而響，聲音有弱到強，有輕到響，由短到長。特別注意/s/位于爆破音中的清輔音之前時/p/，/t/,/k/要從原來的送氣變?yōu)椴凰蜌饣蛏偎蜌?。俗稱“音的濁化”，嚴格的說，這里的清輔音不是變成了濁輔音，因為不管/p，t，k/發(fā)的是送氣音還是送氣少的音，其音位沒有變，這兩種發(fā)音只是/p，t，k/的音位變體（是同一音位在不同位置和條件下發(fā)不同的音）。所謂音位變體(allophones),即屬于同一音位的不同讀音(speechsound)。音位變體往往出現(xiàn)在語音的互補分布狀態(tài)中,英語/k/的送氣與不送氣的不同讀音就出現(xiàn)在不同語音環(huán)境中的互補分布狀態(tài),如/k/在“kite”[khait]中讀[kh],而在“sky”[skai]中讀[k]。[kh]表示送氣,[k]表示不送氣,[kh]和[k]是音位/k/在不同語音環(huán)境的互補分布狀態(tài)中的不同讀音,因此[kh]和[k]就是/k/的音位變體。詞中的輔音組合除了少數(shù)與/s/有關(guān)的輔音連綴讀音與在詞首不一樣外其他都一樣。例如display中/p/與speak中/p/發(fā)音時有些區(qū)別，前者送氣，后者送氣較少。讀下面單詞注意/s/的發(fā)音:peachspeechteamsteamkeyskiportsportpairspareKateskatekillskilltonestone一般來說，在詞中的輔音群讀音與詞首輔音群讀音相同：dustcart guesswork draftsman doctrine horsepowerprogress transfer understand particular incline2.詞尾的輔音群常見的詞尾的輔音群大致可以分為三類：a.輔音+/s,z//t,d/詞形變化:英語中名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)或遇到第三人稱單數(shù)動詞的變化形式,一般情況下是加-s;動詞過去時的規(guī)則變化形式是在原形動詞后面加-ed,例如:bagsdrinkslikedmoved,讀音分別是bags/bAgz/drinks/drinks/liked/laikt/moved/mu:vd/,這些詞形變化由于受到前面輔音/g,k,v/的影響而讀作相應(yīng)的清輔音/s,t/和濁輔音/z,d/。為了學生方便記憶，這些輔音連綴讀音我們可以全面地概括為11字的原則：“清則清，濁則濁，元音讀濁音”即前面如果以清輔音結(jié)尾，后面加-s或ed則讀清輔音，前面是以濁輔音結(jié)尾，后面加-s或ed則讀濁輔音，以元音結(jié)尾加-s或ed則讀濁輔音。-ed/t/asked kicked missed washed watched stepped/d/moved rubbed hugged seized harmed/d/played prayed cried-s/s/cats caps books roofs desks lakes/z/dogs pigs leaves proves beds birds/z/pays ways bees其中單詞以/t，d/結(jié)尾加-s讀音時直接就讀成和/dz，依然滿足“清則清，濁則濁”這個原則。例如：/ts/tests rests beasts hosts gifts texts/dz/fields folds holds ends shields spendsb.爆破音、摩擦音+鼻音、邊音模糊舌邊音鼻音加上其他輔音特別是爆破音、摩擦音,學生在發(fā)音時有較大的困難,主要是音位的不到位和音位之間相互影響造成了音位的發(fā)音產(chǎn)生變化。學生必須多讀多練才能順利掌握。模糊舌邊音加上其他輔音，例如：/lp//pl/help lamp bump apple people ripple/lb//bl/:elbow table cable noble/lt//tl/:belt felt fault little kittle title/ld//dl/:cold hold field middle idle candle/lk//kl/:folk milk uncle wrinkle nickel/lf//fl/:shelf self wolf riffle careful beautiful/lv//vl/:twelve solve resolve arrival approval level/ls//sl/:else wells wheels muscle castle whistle/lW,lF,lm/:Health wealthWelsh film whelm/gl//zl/:single tangle struggle puzzle drizzle發(fā)這些輔音連綴時注意模糊舌邊音發(fā)音，當模糊舌邊音在其他輔音前時，舌端緊貼上齒齦，舌中部下陷,舌后部上抬，在沒有完全發(fā)出該音時迅速滑向后面的音，如果模糊音在其他輔音后面，則要把兩個音位當成一個整體，同步進行。鼻音/n/和爆破音，摩擦音組合構(gòu)成音節(jié)，發(fā)音時也應(yīng)注意整體性和同時性：

/-tn/certainwritten/-dn/gardenpardon/-fn/oftenorphan