ZYY制作作文筆記整理Issue部分一、Issue寫作特點以及寫作要點（一）題干特點1.顯邏輯命題：所見即所得（四）反證法WithA____.WithoutA,______.四、Issue寫作要注意的細節(jié)問題1.往往一些絕對化的詞匯是寫作的切入點。2.注意邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞的使用，關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用是否得當非常重要。關(guān)聯(lián)詞能夠從表面體現(xiàn)你的文章的邏輯性是否強，ZYY制作實際上也可以有效地欺騙改作文的那個計算機。E-rator①先后次序：previously先前的;anteriorly?早期的;originally起初的;simultaneously與此同時;coinstantaneously;eventually;ultimately②因果關(guān)系：duoto;hens;owingto;inrespectthat;invirtueof;onaccountof;resultantly于是，結(jié)果是;thereupon;whereupon③轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：yet;butyet強轉(zhuǎn)折;whereas;howbeit強轉(zhuǎn)折;nevertheless;instead;notwithstanding但是，然而;conversely相反地④遞進關(guān)系：additionally;withal進一步說;ulteviorty?;detailedly?;minutely;specifically⑤類比關(guān)系：similarly;approximatively?;analogously;likewise;bythesametoken;inlikemanner⑥強調(diào)關(guān)系：undoubtedly;determinately;undeniably;demonstrably;;;authentically;withoutreservations3.語言上要注意的事情：1）承上啟下（過渡）段與段之間/段落內(nèi)部——用信號詞（見教材）2）句式變換①長短句結(jié)合（兩長一短）；②否定形式的否定句→肯定形式的否定句…not…→③主動→被動（多用，體現(xiàn)客觀性）3）詞匯多樣性8組宏觀詞匯：①認為、思考：Think—’’seyes②重要的：important—證實了;demonstrate闡明;illustrate闡明;justify證明;說明、闡明;review揭示了;imply;exhibit展示—ignite;stimulate;spur;motivate;giveriseto;renderhard—waypopular—pervasive;prevalent;rampant;pressing;urgent;bumming⑧分歧、一致性：(disagreement;debate;controversy;dispute;consensus;coherence;consistency其他：現(xiàn)象、命題：issue;event事件;occurrenceincident事件的發(fā)生熱門、流行的：pervasive;prevalent普遍的;rampant(rampancy(n.泛濫;urgent;pressing緊急的;burning迫切的ZYY制作爭論、爭議：controversy;disputen.爭議;argument;debate建議、方法：scheme;solution;recipe;approach褒義詞：effectual有效的;valid;efficacious有效力的(>effectual;sound;resultful可行的，有效的否定詞：fail;miss;deny;refuse;decline;reject;lack(of;inignoranceof在對…無知的狀態(tài)中半否定：seldom;hardly;rarely4）語法錯誤盡量少（十個以內(nèi)小錯誤不會影響拿5分）5）標點（見教材）避免用“！”顯得不理性6）語言與證據(jù)：用好“小寶老師寫作工具箱”黃書p198五~十詳見講義；以下為筆記內(nèi)容：一、并列（一）并列大量名詞：n1,n2,n3,…,andnn.——A,B,C,…andotherXs…——X(概念,such[T](范圍asA,B,C…h(huán)astobe….→——描述事物的矛盾性&多面性——a.1,a.2+n.+that…(把一些修飾語放在中心詞后面更地道Moststudentscanhardlystandforhistypicallydryanddulllecturesthatwouldnormallycontinueatleastseveralquarterswithoutgivinganyessentialinformation.(補押韻，有加分（三）并列副詞性成分——ad.1andad.2eg.Weneedtoanalyzethepropositioncomprehensivelyandsustematically.ZYY制作——ad.1+yet/but+ad.2eg.Thesystemrunssimplyyeteffectively.——ad.1,ad.2,+prep.(通過這種形式對一個動作完成定性+定量的描述eg.1.aconscientiousteacheralwaysprepareshislecturecarefully,systematically,andwiththefullconsiderationofallpossible…2.Heprepareshislecturecarefully,systematically,andwiththefullconsideration.（四）并列動詞，伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)——…v.1…,v.2ing(ed…,v.3ing(ed…表原因、伴隨etc.eg.Anabsent-mindedteacherlacksdrivetomakeclassintenselynothinginadvance?,二、重復(fù)成分（一）重復(fù)形容詞（①強調(diào)；②拆分結(jié)構(gòu)）——…adj.…,soadj.that/asto…（二）重復(fù)名詞（拆分結(jié)構(gòu)）——…n.,n.that…——n.+同位語結(jié)構(gòu)解釋——A,(B,C.eg.NOSisspecial.（介詞結(jié)構(gòu)插入）“正正反補”辯證體系補：（）一、開頭段的設(shè)計①引出話題背景，發(fā)起討論；（必修）②表明分析方法；（選修）③概括原題結(jié)論以及結(jié)論隱含的前提與條件；（必修）④指出命題復(fù)雜性；（必修）⑤建立分析模型，構(gòu)建論述層次；（選修）ZYY制作問句引發(fā)討論背景？（表明分析方法）Inresponsetothisissue,needtoanalyzethepropositioncomprehensivelyfromthedialecticthenatureofthetruthbycriticalanalysisofconceptsandhypotheses.③Theantherdeclaresthat作者觀點,however,itoversimplifiesthisissue.④Thefinaljudgmentitmypointofview,shoulddependonacase-by-caseanalysis.⑤二、正文段設(shè)計（一）邏輯拓展方法與結(jié)構(gòu)TS主題句.（以下（程debasingimpacton____;forthesociety,itmaypromotethetendencytoward___.（六）正文4段——“補”的論述過程Tosuccessfullycurbsuchunfavorableblights,itisimperativeforustotakeseveralefficaciousstepsintoconsiderationindiscourse.Atthecommunitylevel,weshouldappealtotheauthoritytoworkoutrelevantregulationsto___.Atthepersonallevel,weshouldcultivateandenhancepeople’sawarenessthat____.Atthefinancinglevel,___shouldpourmoreinvestmentinto___.Consequently,itissuchbeliefinabrighterfuturethatgivesussuchinspirationandoptimism.ZYY制作(七結(jié)尾段設(shè)計①重申立場;②概括主理由;③強調(diào)關(guān)鍵詞Fromtheanalysesmadeabove,Istronglycommittothenotionthatweneedtocallforabalancebetween__and__.WithoutA,___.WithoutB,___.Inaword,thiscomplexissuedependson點題.題庫中選題講解出題方式:Indirectly黃書題號+20=網(wǎng)絡(luò)通用題號02.keyW:competitionVS.cooperation邏輯架構(gòu):正正反補論證架構(gòu):個體—整體—過渡—合作必要性提綱:A.正(個體:競爭促進了適者生存(Adaptation→最終促進了個體的進化(evolution→個體的進步(upgrade任何人都希望做得更好,甚至最好,由此競爭的關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了,規(guī)則競爭對于個體存在利.1.OlympicSpirits;2.嚴格的教育選拔制度.B.(正社會:提高整個社會的效率.Societylikewisebenefitsfromsuchcompetition.1.可口可樂VS.百事可樂2.RavivVS.DeBeersC.(反資源的有限,和利益的沖突,導(dǎo)致了過度競爭意識的存在.低價格且低質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品沖擊市場(神州D.(補合作層面,提高個體競爭力的同時,加強合作意識,促成群體優(yōu)勢,因此應(yīng)該鼓勵合作中有競爭,競爭中存在合作.1.Daimler-Benz.(MercediesandChrysler——1998.52.OneWorldOneDream論證概念:規(guī)則競爭——促進進化的源動力(利不規(guī)則競爭——傷害和危害(弊競爭——進化的源動力Competitioncanhavebothbeneficialanddetrimentaleffects.Marryevolutionarybiologistsviewinterspeciesandinterspeciescompetitionasthedrivingforceofadaptionandultimately,evolution.SomesocialDarwinistsclaim(controversiallythatcompetitionalsoservesasamechanismfordeterminingthebestsuitedgroup,politically,economically,andecologically.競爭帶來的個體對立Onthenegativeside,competitioncancauseinjurytotheorganismsinvolved,anddrainvaluableresourcesandenergy.Humancompetitioncanbeexpensive,asisthecasewithpoliticalelections,internationalsportscompetitions,andadvertisingwars.Itcanleadtothecompromisingofethicalstandardsinordertogainanadvantage.題庫延伸:46,37,19403.短期:現(xiàn)在社會是否穩(wěn)定,民眾對現(xiàn)任政府支持率6ZYY制作長期:發(fā)展existingsocialproblemsVS.long-termresearch論證架構(gòu):長期,短期,平衡論證概念:科研機構(gòu)面臨的兩難境地長期基礎(chǔ)研究功利型研究Inarapidlychangingworldshapedbyglobalization,researchcentersareconfrontedwithadilemma.Theymustcontinuetocarryoutlong-termfundamentalresearchastheyhavealwaysdown,buttheymustatthesametimeconductresearchactivitiesthatincreasetheirrelevanceandimportancetothecivilsociety,especiallythoseexistingsocialproblems.提綱(論證+論據(jù)A.長期研究的必要在于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的立足點——sustainabledevelopment→負責于后代offspringB.當前迫在眉睫的問題解決也很重要,它關(guān)系到社會的穩(wěn)定(stability——同時也關(guān)系到政府的支持率government'sapprovalrating論據(jù):EnvironmentalProblems;AgingPopulation;Racism《大講堂》P358工具箱《素材大全》56個社會問題C.這兩者并不矛盾,短期問題的不斷解決促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展,長期研究有助于解決短期問題的解決supplementeachother因此,需要給予合理的協(xié)調(diào)coordination論據(jù):1.NanameterTechnology環(huán)境污染2.ACAS英國工業(yè)調(diào)節(jié)仲裁機構(gòu)工人短期利益&長期經(jīng)濟利益題庫延伸:5617.KW:obeyjustlawsdisobeyandresistunjustlaws論證架構(gòu):定義反補A.[定義]JudicialJusticeVS.ObjectiveJustice——立法(legislation公正——執(zhí)法(execution公正B.法律的公正與不公正不能由個體主題判斷(subjectivejudgement否則法律就會失去其制裁力(thepowerofsauction論據(jù):Agnew—AgnewismC.[補]法律不應(yīng)該僵化,固定lawsshouldnotberigidorfixed,他們應(yīng)該是適度靈活的,考慮到時間地點.(174題,題干交叉論據(jù):1965年英國LawCommission題庫延伸:17422.KW:individualsorsmallgroupsVS.societyasawhole論證架構(gòu):直接間接補(延伸提綱:A.[讓步,前半部分]誠然,我們的思維被個人和小團體所直接影響.——父母→啟蒙老師torchbearer——老師→領(lǐng)路人guide7ZYY制作——朋友→同路人compeer-peerpressureandpeerdrive1.ArtherLewis1979年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學(xué)家B.[轉(zhuǎn)折]社會的間接影響人既是相對獨立的個體單元independence,又是有社會化的屬性solialization.1.Confucianism-ChinesePeople世界對人們思維C.[補]世界公民Cosmoplite61.KW:high-profileawards;fewpeople論證架構(gòu):鋪墊信息→反→延伸內(nèi)涵A.首先,人都有被認可,被尊重(Esteem的需求,Masiow'shierarchyofNeeds.有效促進了人們繼續(xù)發(fā)展和推動自己……論據(jù):Oscar,ClioAwardB.少數(shù)人獲獎→資源的稀缺性scarcity才會刺激社會尊重的競爭現(xiàn)象competition.此后簡要論述一下競爭