PAGE120PAGE1212015年高考一輪英語復習資料——語法復習目錄：專題一課題：名詞序號：1【考綱解讀】考點考綱解讀名詞的基本用法①分清名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性；②可數(shù)名詞有單復數(shù)，有些名詞只有復數(shù)；③物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞不可數(shù)但可以具體量化使用；④名詞所有格和of格的語言現(xiàn)象；⑤名詞直接作定語；⑥國家名詞的正確使用。名詞的特殊用法①名詞詞義的區(qū)分和搭配；②單位名詞的搭配；③名詞前的修飾語so,as,quite等；④time及?？键c。有些可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)有兩個意思，一個與單數(shù)意義相同，另一個和單數(shù)含義不同，高考中這些含義很可能成為考查的內(nèi)容。習語和固定搭配詞語的固定搭配及名詞作定語也是高考命題的注意點。【真題訓練】1.【2014天津】Windisnowtheworld’sfastestgrowing______ofpower.A.source B.sense C.result D.root2.【2014湖北】Her_____forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.A.talent B.motivationC.qualification D.technique3.【2014湖北】WhenRichardsaid,“Youaremuchmoreagreeableandprettiernow,”Joan’sfaceturnedredattheunexpected______.A.contribution B.compliment C.comparison D.command4.【2014安徽】Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?That’sagood_______.saying B.questionC.suggestion D.account5.【2014江蘇】Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutremainedapowerful_____inlastyear’selection.A.symbol B.portraitC.identity D.statue6.【2014浙江】Wemostprefertosayyestothe______ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A.attempts B.requests C.doubts D.promises7.【2014福建】Couldyoutellmethe_____ofmakingsuchtastycakes?Well,Ijustfollowthedirectionsinthecookbook.feature B.plan C.cost D.trickKeys：ABBCABD【方法點撥】高考對名詞的考查主要在名詞辨析。近兩年山東高考對名詞的考查盡管在單項填空中不多見，但在完形填空一題中仍然是考查的重點，做題時應注意以下幾點：1.弄清楚名詞的單數(shù)、復數(shù)、可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。2.仔細體會上下文語境，歸納、積累、熟練掌握常用搭配。3.認真做近義詞的辨析?！菊Z法知識梳理】一、名詞的分類及其基本用法種類基本用法典型舉例解釋補充可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)大多數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)在名次后加“s”。=1\*GB3①picture→pictures=2\*GB3②house→houses=3\*GB3③dog→dogs在p,k,或f之后加s讀作/s/。除此之外讀作/z/。詞尾是ce,ge,se或ze的單詞加s，要在改詞的讀音上加一個音節(jié)/iz/。以ch,s,sh,ss或x結尾的單詞，復數(shù)要加es。=1\*GB3①church→churches=2\*GB3②bus→buses=3\*GB3③bush→bushes=4\*GB3④mass→massesstomach復數(shù)為stomachs,因為詞尾ch發(fā)音為/k/。以y結尾的名詞以元音加y結尾的名詞，復數(shù)直接加s。=1\*GB3①boy→boys=2\*GB3②guy→guys=3\*GB3③ray→rays=4\*GB3④key→keys以輔音加y結尾的名詞，去y加ies=1\*GB3①country→countries=2\*GB3②difficulty→difficulties=3\*GB3③factory→factoriesstory/storey作“樓層”的意思時，復數(shù)為storys或storeys。以f或fe結尾的名詞通常去f或fe加ves=1\*GB3①loaf→loaves=2\*GB3②wolf→wolves=3\*GB3③wife→wives有以下順口溜：樹葉半數(shù)自己黃，妻子拿刀去割糧。架后竄出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。（leafhalfselfwifeknifeshelfwolfthieflife）部分名詞直接加s=1\*GB3①gulf→gulfs=2\*GB3②roof→roofs=3\*GB3③cliff→cliffs有以下順口溜：港灣邊，屋頂上，農(nóng)夫首領遙相望。誰說他們沒信仰，證據(jù)刻在懸崖上。(gulfroofserfchiefbeliefproofcliff)少數(shù)名詞復數(shù)既可變f(e)為“ves”,也可加“s”=1\*GB3①scarf→scarves/scarfs=2\*GB3②handkerchief→handkerchieves/handkerchiefs=1\*GB3①scarf:圍巾=2\*GB3②handkerchief:手絹以o結尾的名詞一般在詞尾加“s”=1\*GB3①radio→radios=2\*GB3②photo→photos少數(shù)幾個名詞詞尾加“es”=1\*GB3①tomato→tomatoes=2\*GB3②potato→potatoes=3\*GB3③Negro→negroes(黑人)=4\*GB3④hero→heroes(英雄)可巧記為：黑人和英雄喜歡吃西紅柿和土豆。有些名詞詞形變化構成復數(shù)=1\*GB3①foot→feet=2\*GB3②goose→geese(鵝)=3\*GB3③mouse→mice(老鼠)=4\*GB3④tooth→teeth=5\*GB3⑤child→children有些名詞單復數(shù)相同deer,sheep,means,species,series,fish,Chinese，Japanesefish復數(shù)加es強調(diào)種類。如：twofish兩條魚twofishes兩種魚復合名詞的復數(shù)通常只把最后一個名詞變復數(shù)=1\*GB3①boyfriends=1\*GB3①bookshops=3\*GB3③travelagents也有用復數(shù)名詞修飾單數(shù)名詞的情況。如：sportsman→sportsmenstatesman→statesmensalesgirl→salesgirlsman,woman位于復合名詞第一部分時，兩個名詞都變復數(shù)=1\*GB3①mandriver→mendrivers=2\*GB3②womanteacher→womenteachers有中心名詞的復合名詞只把中心名詞變復數(shù)=1\*GB3①lookers-on(旁觀者)=2\*GB3②standers-by（旁觀者）=3\*GB3③sisters-in-law（嫂子；弟媳）前兩個短語也可以說：on-lookers,by-standers無中心名詞的復合名詞在詞尾加s=1\*GB3①grown-ups=2\*GB3②forget-me-nots(勿忘我草)某些名詞只有復數(shù)形式clothes,police,goods,cattle，staff。此類名詞做主語謂語動詞用復數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化成個體名詞時，用作可數(shù)=1\*GB3①glass→aglass(一個玻璃杯)=2\*GB3②paper→apaper(一份報紙/試卷)=3\*GB3③coffee→acoffee(一杯咖啡)兩杯咖啡可以說：twocoffees或twocupsofcoffee。物質(zhì)名詞強調(diào)種類時可數(shù)Theysellvegetablesandfruitsinthestreet.此處vegetables,fruits強調(diào)各種蔬菜水果。抽象名詞表示具體特性、狀態(tài)、情感、情緒可數(shù)=1\*GB3①asurprise(一件令人吃驚的事情)=2\*GB3②afailure(一個失敗的人/事)=3\*GB3③ajoy(一件高興的事情)類似的詞還有:pleasure,honour,success,disappointment,experience,interest,joy,sorrow,beauty,belief,agreement等。有些不可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)表不同含義=1\*GB3①green(綠色)→greens(青菜)=2\*GB3②arm(胳膊)→arms(武器)=3\*GB3③sand(沙子)→sands(沙灘)名詞的所有格名詞所有格一般在名詞后加“’s”=1\*GB3①Tom’sbike=2\*GB3②Women’sDay以“s”結尾的名詞復數(shù)通常只加“’”=1\*GB3①Theworkers’struggle=2\*GB3②Engels’books兩人共有的事物在后個名詞后加“’s”，非共有兩個名詞都加“’s”=1\*GB3①TomandMike’sroom(共有)=2\*GB3②Tom’sandMike’sbooks(不共有)表店鋪或家，可只用名詞所有格=1\*GB3①thebarber’s(理發(fā)店)=2\*GB3②myuncle’s(我叔叔家)雙重所有格=1\*GB3①anoldfriendofmine=2\*GB3②adaughterofMrs.Green雙重所有格只能用于有生命的名詞，介詞后名詞必須是確定的。二、名詞詞義辨析1.accident,incident,affair,event(1)accident表示“意外事件；偶發(fā)事件”，一般指不幸事故。Hewaskilledinthecaraccident.(2)incident表示“事件”，可指不重要的生活小事，也可指眾所周知的重大事件或者事變。Didyouhearabouttheincidentinthebarlastnight?(3)affair表示“事務；戀愛”.Theforeignministerdealswithforeignaffairsofacountry.(4)event表示政治、歷史、社會性大事件；大型體育比賽的賽事。Theelectionwasthemaineventin2012.Therewereseveralmoreeventsaddedto2008BeijingOlympicGames.2.award,prize,reward(1)award可作動詞和名詞。動詞意思是“授予、頒發(fā)”,為官方或權威部門所作出的頒獎。名詞意思為“獎項、獎品、獎金”。Hewasawardedthebestactoroftheyear.TheOlympicwinnerreceivedagoldmedalasanaward.(2)prize只作名詞，意思為“獎賞，獎金，獎品”，多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽彩所贏得的獎。HewonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcompetition.(3)reward可作動詞和名詞。動詞意思是因做某事給予“回報，酬勞，獎賞”；作名詞表示“報酬、獎勵、報答”。Anyonewhofindsitwillberewarded.Hewasgiven8000yuanasarewardforhisbravery.3.condition,situation,state(1)condition作不可數(shù)名詞指“條件、狀況”，指人或物所處健康狀況或設備狀況。做可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示“條件”，復數(shù)表示“環(huán)境、總體情況”。Thoughthesecond-handcarseemsingoodcondition,itcan’trunfast.Theseisonlyoneconditionyouhavetoattainifyouwanttogotocollege.Wemustdosomethingtoimprovetheminers’livingandworkingconditions.(2)situation指人或物體在某個時間場合所處的“處境情形,境遇”；表示“局勢”時，多強調(diào)國家或國際局勢（大環(huán)境）的局勢。Hefoundhimselfinanembarrassingsituation.HefounditnecessarytostudythepoliticalsituationofRussia.(3)state只指的是人或物所處的狀態(tài)，可數(shù)名詞。Infaceofdanger,itisimportanttokeepagoodstateofmind.Waterhasthreestates,liquidgasandsolid.4.method,way,means,approach這四個詞都有“方法、手段”的意思，搭配不同。(1)methodwiththismethod用這種方法withthemethodof…用…的方法amethodofteaching教學方法(2)wayinthisway用這種方法；在這個方面bywayof(doing)sth取道、途徑;經(jīng)由、通過(3)means單復數(shù)同型bythis/thatmeans用這種/那種方法byallmeans不惜一切，用各種辦法bymeansofdoingsth通過做…(4)approach動詞和名詞都有“靠近、解決/方法”的意思，表“…方法的”時通常與介詞“to”搭配，后接名詞或代名詞，作動詞為及物動詞。TheprofessorgavethreeapproachestolearningEnglishwell.Don’tapproachthebirdswhicharesinging.5scenery,scene,sight,view(1)scenery指“自然風景”，不可數(shù)。Westoppedthecartheenjoythemountainscenery(2)scene指“場景、一幕”，可以是電影戲劇中，也可以是生活中。還可以指“現(xiàn)場；事發(fā)地點”Thesceneaftertheearthquakewasterrible.Theantelopeswerekilledandskinnedonthescene.(3)sightn.視力，視野，景象，情景，景物，游覽勝地。TherearealotofhistoricalsightsinBeijing.Helosthissightinanaccident.(4)view可數(shù)名詞，“風景，景象”，通常指從某個特定（或許較高且較遠的）位置或特定角度所見到的景色;還可指“觀點”Standingonthetopofthemountain,youwillhaveagoodviewofthewholecity.Whatisyourviewaboutstudyingabroad?6.sign,signal,symbol,mark(1)sign作名詞,意思為“標記、手勢、征兆、跡象”，作動詞意思為“簽署”。Payattentiontotrafficsignswhendriving.Thereisnosignofsnowtoday.Theysignedanagreementtoworktogetherforabetterworld.(2)signal名詞“信號、暗號”Aredlightisusuallyasignalofdanger.(3)symbol名詞，指“象征；有象征意義的符號”。EiffelToweristhesymbolofFrance.(4)mark作名詞指“標記、記號、分數(shù)”；作動詞意思為“作標記；打分”。Whenreading,makeamarkwhereyoucan’tunderstand.Theholidaymarksthebeginningofthenewyear.【鞏固訓練】一、根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語意思或首字母填空。1.TheEnglishteachergivestheclassa______________(聽寫)almosteveryday.（2008全國卷II）2.Pleasegivemy______________(祝賀)whenyouseeher.（2006陜西卷）3.Thebookgivesashort______________（描述）ofthecity.（2007全國卷II）4.Xi’anInternational___________(展覽)Centerhasattractedmanybusinesspeople.（2007陜西卷）5.Severalnewrailwaysareunder______________(建設)inChina.（1996年全國卷）6.Jacktookadeep______________(呼吸)andthendivedintothewater.（2006全國卷）7.Weshouldmakesurethatthe_____________(事故)sceneisnolongerdangerous.（2006陜西卷）8.Whenbuilding______________(材料)costmore,thepriceofhousesincreases.（2008陜西卷）9.Thew______________inthehillscanchangeveryquickly,sotakesuitableclothes.（2006浙江卷）10.Hewasabouttospeakbutsheraiseda______________(手指)toherlips.（2009陜西卷）11.Jeffhasthe______________(習慣)oflisteningtomusicwhilereading.（2010陜西卷）12.Heisanexcellent______________(律師)withagoodbrainandadeterminationtoachieve.（2009陜西卷）13.Ihopetobebackina______________(兩星期).（2010全國卷II）14.______________(水桶)areoftenusedforholdingandcarryingwater.（2010全國卷II）15.Johnmissedthegamebecauseof______________(胃)pains.（2009全國II卷）16.Calliewillstart______________(幼兒園)inSeptember.（2009全國II卷）17.Theoldladyneedsafewfeather__________(枕頭)tomakeherselfcomfortable.（2009全國II卷）18.Bobissixfeetin______________(身高).（2011全國卷II）19.WhenIgothomeaftertheholiday,therewerealotof________(留言)inmyphone.（2000全國卷）20.Foragoalkeeper,it’sagreat______________(優(yōu)勢)tohavebighands.（2009全國II卷）21.Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetoworld______________(和平).（2011陜西卷）22.Thecarisrunningata______________(速度)ofeightykilometersanhour.（2010陜西卷）23.Wesatchattingforafew______________(分鐘)afterfinishingourmeal.（2010陜西卷）24.Farmersarereportingaverybig______________(收成)thisyear.（2009全國卷II）25.Owningahouseoftheirownisa______________(夢想)fortheyoungcouple.（2009陜西卷）二、再做真題，選擇最佳答案。1.【2013湖北】Poetrywrittenfromthe______oftheurbanyouthtendstorevealtheiranxietyoveralackofsenseofbelonging.A.perspective B.priority C.participation D.privilege2.【2013湖北】Carbondioxide,whichmakesa______betweenusandthesun,preventsheatfromgettingoutoftheatmosphereeasily,sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.A.difference B.comparison C.connection D.barrier3.【2013江西】WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith______.A.curiosity B.satisfaction C.envy D.patience4．【2013江蘇】Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakeaforthebetter.A.share B.chance C.turn D.lead5.【2013遼寧】Theaccidentcausedsome_______tomycar,butit’snothingserious.A.harm B.injury C.ruin D.damage6.【2013天津】WhileshewasinParis,shedevelopedaforfineart.A.way B.relation C.taste D.habit7.Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond_______.A.hearing B.strength C.recognition D.measure8.Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,a(n)______of40,000peryear.A.average B.number C.amount D.quantity9.Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget______fromthismedicine.A.relief B.safety C.defense D.shelter10.Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomakeforthetelevision.A.room B.area C.field D.position11.Thedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygood_____.A.expectation B.reputation C.contribution D.civilization12.Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswideoffoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.A.division B.area C.range D.circle13.Aftertheearthquake,thefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovideforthehomelessfamilies.A.accommodation B.occupation C.equipment D.furniture14.Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblembuttheydon’tgiveyouanydirect______.A.solution B.target C.measure D.function15.Chinahasgotagoodforfightingagainstthefluwithitscarefulandsmoothorganization.A.reputation B.influence C.impression D.knowledge16.TheWorldHealthOrganizationgaveawarningtothepublicwithoutanywhenthevirusofH1N1hitMexicoinApril,2009.A.delay B.effort C.schedule D.consideration17.Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodfor______building.A.respect B.friendship C.reputation D.character18.Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasa______foreveryonetostandup.A.signal B.chance C.mark D.measure19.The_______shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto________car.A.girl’s;Tom’s B.girls’;Toms’ C.girls’;Tom’s D.girl’s;Toms’20.Encourageyourchildrentotrynewthings,buttrynottothemtoohard.A.draw B.strikeC.rush D.push21.—Hesaysthatmynewcarisa____________ofmoney.—Don’tyouthinkthosewordsarejustsourgrapes?A.lack B.load C.question D.waste22.Formtheir________onthetopoftheTVtower,visitorscanhaveabetterviewofthecity.A.stage B.position C.condition D.situation23.I’mtryingtobreakthe_______ofgettinguptoolate.A.tradition B.convenience C.habit D.Leisure24.Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy______tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.A.access B.passage C.way D.approach25.Mostairpollutioniscausedbytheburningof______likecoal，gasandoil.A.fuels B.articles C.goods D.products26.Tosavesomeofthehumanlanguagesbeforetheyareforgotten，thestudentsinourschoolstartedadiscussion“SaveOur”.A.Sky B.Life C.Arts D.Voices27.—Shallwegooutforawalk?—Sorry. Thisisnottherighttoinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.A.moment B.situation C.place D.chance28.Dogshaveaverygood________ofsmellandareoftenusedtosearchforsurvivorsinanearthquake.A.sense B.view C.means D.idea29.What’stheofhavingapublicopenspacewhereyoucan’teat，drinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhile?A.sense B.matter C.case D.opinion30. Iboughtadressforonly10dollarsinasale;itwasareal.A.exchange B.bargain C.trade D.business31.Thebankisofferinga_______toanyonewhocangiveinformationabouttherobbery.A.reward B.award C.bonus D.compliment32.Thiscouplehavestrangehabits.He’dliketosleepwiththelampburningandhiswifewiththewindow____.A.wideopen B.widelyopen C.wideopened D.widelyopenedit33.Itisacommon_____toseeTian'anmenSquarefilledwithpeopleonNationalDay

A.sight B.view C.scenery D.appearance34.Thoughboughtfiveyearsago,thecarisstillingood________.A.situation B.state C.condition D.Position2015年高考一輪英語復習資料——語法復習目錄：專題二課題：冠詞序號：2【考綱解讀】考點考綱解讀冠詞的基本用法熟知定冠詞、不定冠詞、零冠詞的基本用法，并能在真實語境中正確使用冠詞。冠詞的特殊用法熟知的特殊用法，并能靈活運用。習語和固定搭配牢記由冠詞構成的習語和搭配。【真題訓練】1.【2014重慶】Ican’ttellyou_______waytotheWilsons’becausewedon’thave______Wilsonhereinthevillage.A.the;aB.a;C.a;theD.the;/2.【2014陜西】_______villagewhereIwasbornhasgrowninto_____town.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;theD.A;a3.【2014浙江】Thepaperisduenextmonth,andIamworkingsevendays______week,oftenlonginto_____night.A.a;theB.the;/C.a;aD./;the4.【2014天津】Lifeislike_______ocean.Only______strong-willedcanreachtheothershore.A.an;the B.the; C.the;/ D./;a5.【2013重慶】Theparentswereshockedby_____newsthattheirsonneeded_____operationonhisknee.A.a;不填 B.the;不填 C.the;an D.a;anKeys：AAAAC【方法點撥】冠詞的習慣用法及活用為高考對冠詞考查的難點和熱點，做題時應注意以下幾點：1.通過語境確定是泛指還是特指，如第2題。2.仔細體會上下文語境，歸納、積累、熟練掌握常用冠詞搭配。3.牢記常見的純不可數(shù)名詞如fun,progress,furniture,equipment,news,information,word(消息),advice,space,weather等。【語法知識梳理】一、冠詞的種類基本用法種類基本用法典型舉例解釋補充不定冠詞a/an不定冠詞后單詞第一個音素為輔音發(fā)音時，冠詞用a=1\*GB3①auniversitystudent=2\*GB3②auniquestyle=3\*GB3③aEuropeancountry此三個單詞的首音標為[ju:]，為輔音。不定冠詞后單詞第一個音素為元音發(fā)音時，用an=1\*GB3①anhonestboy=2\*GB3②anhour=3\*GB3③anX-ray=4\*GB3④an800-metreraceHonest、hour中“h”不發(fā)音，后為元音發(fā)音。X念作/eks/,首因素為元音。泛指某個人或事物=1\*GB3①Asateacher,heissupposedtolovehisstudents.=2\*GB3②Ahorserunsmuchfasterthananelephant.”名詞復數(shù)也可表泛指意義。第二句話也可以說：Horsesrunmuchfasterthanelephants。序數(shù)名詞前加不定冠詞a/an表示“再一，又一，還一”=1\*GB3①Thoughhefailedtwice,hewouldtryathirdtime.=2\*GB3②Shedidn’tlikethecolorofthethreebagsandaskedforafourthone.序數(shù)名詞前加定冠詞the強調(diào)名次和順序。如：Hewasthefifthchildandonlysonofthefamily.表示“一類，一種”=1\*GB3①Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.(物以類聚)=2\*GB3②Dogsareananimalthatcanbark.用在姓氏和星期名稱前表示“某個，有一個”=1\*GB3①AMr.Liiswaitingforyou.=2\*GB3②Gorgecouldn'trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson.buthewassureitwasaSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.此處的a相當于some或acertain。用在時間和度量單位名詞前，表示“每一”=1\*GB3①Thecarrunsataspeedof200milesanhour.=2\*GB3②Wehavethreemealsaday.此處的a相當于per。某些不可數(shù)名詞有前置定語或后置定語修飾，表示具體的事物，前面用a或an=1\*GB3①Chinahasahistoryofmorethan5000years.=2\*GB3②HehasagoodknowledgeofEnglish.=3\*GB3③Wehadadeliciouslunchyesterday.=4\*GB3④ChinahasalargerpopulationthanCanada.如無定語修飾，此類名字常用作不可數(shù)。如：inhistorylearnknowledgehavelunch.抽象名詞前面加a表示具體的事物或人=1\*GB3①Itisagreathonourtobeinvitedhere.=2\*GB3②Infacthethoughtofhimselfasafailure.此類名詞有surprise,interest,joy,pleasure,disappointment,sorrow,beauty,experience,success,belief,agreement等。most前用a,most表示“非常”的意思Thisisamostinterestingbookforpeopleofallages.這個一本老少咸宜非常有趣的書。如果most前面用the,則表示最高級。themostinterestingbook意思為“最有趣的書”。定冠詞the雙方都知道的人或物；上文已提到的人或物前用the=1\*GB3①Ilikethenovelwrittenbythetalentedwriter.=2\*GB3②Shewasborninasmallvillagebutthevillagehasdisappearednow.名詞首次出現(xiàn)，只要是指代雙方都知道的特定的人或事，也需用the。如：Whereisyourmother?Inthekitchencooking.獨一無二的人或物、自然現(xiàn)象、發(fā)明物等名字前用the=1\*GB3①Theearthmovesaroundthesun.=2\*GB3②Heisconsideredtohaveinventedthetelephone.但是space、nature、man(人類)前面通常不用任何冠詞。用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示類別=1\*GB3①Thehorserunsfasterthanthedog.=2\*GB3②Thecatisalovelyanimal.此處的the用a替換表示種類,也可用復數(shù)表示種類。如：Horsesrunfasterthandogs.樂器名稱前通常用the=1\*GB3①Heplayedtheviolinsowellthattheprofessorpraisedhimagainandagain.球類前面通常不用the.如：Ilikeplayingbasketball.形容詞、副詞最高級及表示“同一、唯一”的詞前面用the=1\*GB3①AsoneofthemostattractivecitiesinChina,Hangzhouappealstoalargenumberofvisitors.=2\*GB3②HeistheonlymanthatIcanturntoforhelp.形容詞、副詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞修飾，不能再加the。如：mybestfriend，“best”前不能再加a或the。用在姓氏復數(shù)或形容詞前，表示一家人/夫婦或一類人=1\*GB3①TheSmithsareplanningtotourChinanextyear.=2\*GB3②Therichshouldhelpthepoor,此種名詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)。序數(shù)詞強調(diào)順序，名詞前面通常the=1\*GB3①Heisthefifthtoclimbtothetopofthemountain.=2\*GB3②Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.如強調(diào)“又一、再一”，序數(shù)詞前用“a”。由普通名詞構成的專有名詞；江河、海洋、山脈、群島、沙漠、海峽、海灣和機關、團體、黨派等組織機構前用the=1\*GB3①theYangtzeRiver=2\*GB3②theWestlake=3\*GB3③thePacific=4\*GB3④theUnitednations=5\*GB3⑤theNorthPole=6\*GB3⑥theSaharaDesert例外。如：=1\*GB3①MountTai(泰山)=2\*GB3②ChinaDaily(中國日報)表示計算單位的名詞前用the,含有“每，每一”的意思=1\*GB3①Heispaidbytheweek.=2\*GB3②Inthewest,eggsareusuallysoldbythedozen.此處為固定用法，不能用其他冠詞替代。用在表示世紀、年代、時期或朝代的名詞前=1\*GB3①inthe1970s=2\*GB3②intheTangdynasty=3\*GB3③theWarringStatesPeriod表示年齡時，整數(shù)年齡后加“s”或“’s”，前面用形容詞性物主代詞。如：inhis30s/30’用在動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位/衣著這種結構中=1\*GB3①Ihithimonthenose.=2\*GB3②Hetookthethiefbythecollar.不規(guī)范的用法中也可見hithisnose,takehishand等等。零冠詞專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，通常不用冠詞air,pollution,Tom在泛指的季節(jié)、月份、星期、西方節(jié)日、學科、語言、三餐、球類、棋類前通常不用冠詞=1\*GB3①Hehasnothingforbreakfastthismorning.=2\*GB3②Whichdoyouprefer,ChineseorEnglish?=3\*GB3③ThanksgivingdayfallsonthefourthThursdayofNovember中國節(jié)日通常前面加the,如：=1\*GB3①theSpringFestival=2\*GB3②themid-Autumnfestival.兩個名詞指同一個人或物時，第二個名詞前不用冠詞=1\*GB3①Thescientistandwriterisgoingtoattendthemeeting.=2\*GB3②Wewilllearnthesecondandmostdifficultmodulenextweek.=1\*GB3①thescientistandthewriter是指科學家和作家兩個人。=2\*GB3②thesecondandthemostdifficultmodules是第二和最難的兩個模塊。表示頭銜、職務、職稱的名詞做同位語、賓補或主補，前面不用冠詞=1\*GB3①Mr.Obama,presidentofAmericanisonhissecondtermnow.=2\*GB3②Hewaselectedheadmasteroftheschool..class、school、church、college、university、hospital、prison、court、bed、table表抽象意義時前面不用冠詞=1\*GB3①inclass=2\*GB3②atschool=3\*GB3③gotocollege=4\*GB3④inprison=5\*GB3⑤atcourt=6\*GB3⑥attable如表具體場所或物體,上述名詞前加冠詞。如：=1\*GB3①Livingnearaschoola,Icanoftenhearbells.=2\*GB3②Thetableheboughtlastweekwasmadeofwood.by與交通工具連用，表示方式，不用冠詞=1\*GB3①bytrain=2\*GB3②bysubway如果不用by而是用其他介詞，則需要在名詞前加冠詞。如：Whoisthemanonthebike?單數(shù)名詞+as/though引導的讓步狀語從句，單數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞=1\*GB3①Childasheis,heknowsalot.=2\*GB3②Successasthepartywas,itcostmoremoneythanexpected.如果though/although引導正常語序，名詞前需要用a/an.如：=1\*GB3①Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.=2\*GB3②Thoughthepartyisasuccess,itcostmoremoneythanexpected.nature、space、society(社會)、man（人類）等名詞前不用冠詞=1\*GB3①Weshouldtrytokeepthebalanceofnature.=2\*GB3②Inthehistoryofmannewartshavebeenborn.當society指社團，man指男人，前面需要用冠詞。如：=1\*GB3①Hejoinedanartsociety.=2\*GB3②Aboywillgrowintoaman.二、冠詞固定短語不定冠詞onceuponatime 從前 asamatteroffact 實際上allofasudden 突然 onceinawhile 偶爾inahurry 匆忙 asaresult/consequence 因此cometoanend 結束 goforabath/picnic 去洗澡/野餐haveaninfluence/effecton……對……有影響 agoodmany 許多acoupleof 幾個 aseriesof 一系列arangeof 一系列，一套 avarietyof 一種；各種awasteofmoney/time 浪費時間/錢 aquantityof 許多asenseofhumor/direction/responsibility幽默感/方向感/責任感2.定冠詞allthesame 相同，都一樣 allthebest 祝一切順利atthesightof… 一看到… atthebeginningof… 在…開始時inthedirectionof… 朝…方向 inthefollowing… 在接下來的…alltheyearround 整年 ontheotherhand 可是，另一方面onthecontrary相反 ontheair 在廣播ontheincrease 在提高 onthedecline 在下降onthewhole 整體而言 ontheradio 在收音機里onthescene/spot 在現(xiàn)場 intheair 在空中intheend 最后 intheshade 在陰涼處forthetimebeing 暫時 bytheendof… 截止到…末cometothepoint 切中主題零冠詞dayafterday 一天又一天 bytelephone 通過電話catchsightof… 看到 indanger 處于危險中inhand在手中 loseheart 灰心makeuseof… 利用 makeprogress取得進步makefunof… 取笑 setsail 揚帆outofdanger 脫離危險 outofdate 過期onpurpose故意 bydesign故意outofcontrol 脫離控制 beyonddescription 難以描繪behometo是…棲息地【鞏固訓練】一、學以致用：在合適的地方填上冠詞ThetinyvillageofFrinleyissaidtopossess1'cursedtree'.Because2treewasmentionedin3newspaper,4numberofvisitorstoFrinleyhasnowincreased.Thetreewasplantednearachurchfiftyyearsago,butitisonlyin5recentyearsthatithasgained6evilreputation.Itissaidthatifanyonetouchesthetree,hewillhave7badluck;ifhepicks8leaf,hewilldie.Manyvillagersbelievethatthetreehasalreadyclaimed9numberofvictims.Thevicarhasbeenaskedtohavethetreecutdown,butsofarhehasrefused.Hehaspointedoutthatthetreeis10usefulsourceofincome,as11touristshavebeencomingfromallpartsof12countrytoseeit.Inspiteofallthathasbeensaid,thetouristshavebeenpicking13leavesandcuttingtheirnameson14tree-trunk.Sofar,notoneofthemhasbeenstruckdownby15二、再做真題，選擇最佳答案。1.【2013陜西】MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailed______PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain______thirteenthcentury.A.the;a B.a;不填 C.不填;the D.the;the2.【2013山東】Itwas_______coldwinternightandthemoonwasshiningbrightlyacross_____nightskyA.不填;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;不填3.【2013福建】The“ChineseDream”is_______dreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beingand________dreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.A.the;a B.a;a C.the;不填 D.the;the4.【2013新課標】Indiaattained______independencein1947,after_____longstruggle.A.不填;a B.the;a C.an;/ D.an;the5.【2013新課標II】Fourand_______halfhoursofdiscussiontookusuptomidnight,and_______breakforcheese,chocolateandteawithsugar.A.a;a B.the;the C.不填；the D.a;不填6.【2013新課標I】Indiaattained_______independencein1947,after_______longstruggle.A.不填;a B.the;a C.an;不填 D.an;the7.【2013江西】Animalsareobviously______lowerformoflifethan_______man.A.a;不填 B.the;the C.a;the D.不填;不填8.【2013浙江】Peopledevelop________preferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningat________earlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.A.a；an B