備戰(zhàn)高考復習模考題速練——說明文閱讀PassageAWiththeirtinybrainsandexcellentabilitytomemorizenectar（花蜜）locations，honeybeesareafavoritemodelorganismforstudyinglearningandmemory.Suchresearchhasindicatedthattoformlong-termmemories-onesthatlastadayormore-theinsectsneedtorepeatatrainingexperienceatleastthreetimes.Bycontrast,short-andmid-termmemoriesthatlastsecondstominutesandminutestohours,respectively,needonlyasinglelearningexperience.Exceptionstothisrulehavebeenobserved,however.Forexample,insomestudies,beesformedlong-lastingmemoriesafterasinglelearningevent.Suchresultsareoftenregardedascircumstantialanomalies（反常現(xiàn)象），saysMartinGiurfaoftheUniversityofToulouse.Buttheanomalousfindings，togetherwithresearchshowingthatfruitfliesandantscanformlong-termmemoriesaftersingleexperiences,arousedGiurfa'scuriosity.Wasitpossiblethathoneybeescouldreliablydothesame?Giurfareasonedthattheabilitytoformlong-termmemoriesmightdependontheparticulartypeofbeeandtheexperience.Withinahoneybeecolony,therearenurses,whocleanthehiveandfeedtheyoung；guards，whopatrolandprotectthehive；andforagers（覓食蜂），whosearchfornectar.Whilepreviousstudieshavetestedbeesasawhole,Giurfaandhiscolleaguesfocusedonforagers,taskingthemwithrememberinganexperiencerelevanttotheirrole：anodor（氣味）associatedwithasugaryreward.Theresearchersobservedthatasingleexposuretoareward-pairedodorwasenoughformostforagerbeestorememberthatspecificodorthefollowingday.Manyforagerscouldevenremembertheodorthreedayslater.Theresultsdonotmeanthatallpriorresearchwaswrong,saysAndréFialaoftheUniversityofG?ttingen.“Peoplehavedonetheexperimentsinadifferentway.”Still,thenewresultsdoshowthat“thecommonlyheldbeliefthatoneneedsmultipletrainingtrialstoachievelong-termmemoryisnotalwaystrue,”hesays,andthis“reallyadvancesthefield."1.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusthroughParagraph1?A.Amodelformemoryresearch. B.Theclassificationofmemories.C.Newresearchonlearningandmemory. D.Previousfindingsonmemoryformation.2.Whichfactormightinfluenceabee'smemoryofanexperience,accordingtoGiurfa'sresearch?A.Whetherthebee'sroleisrelated. B.Whetherthebeeisintroducedornative.C.Howoftenthebeerepeatstheexperience. D.Howlongthebeeisexposedtothereward.3.WhatisAndréFiala'sattitudetowardsthenewresults?A.Doubtful. B.Favorable. C.Intolerant. D.Unclear.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LearningandMemory:HowHoneybeesRememberB.HoneybeeMemory:HoneybeeKnowsWhattoDoC.HoneybeesRememberafterJustOneLessonD.HoneybeesUseMemoryforCommunicationPassageBThecold,wetweatherofwinteroftenputsoutanywildfiresthatarestillburning.ButnotinthefarNorthareas,suchasAlaska,Canada,andotherpartsofNorthAmerica.Someforestfiresjustdon'tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies":Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021，scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbecomemorecommonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear'sfire,"explainsRebeccaScholten.ShestudiesEarthandenvironmentalsciencesatVrijeUniversityAmsterdamintheNetherlands.Thenewfiresmadescientistswonderhowoftenfiresmightsurvivethewinter.Thescientistsstartedbycombingthroughfirefighterreports.ThentheycomparedthesewithsatelliteimagesofAlaskaandnorthernCanada.Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.Theyalsofocusedonblazesstartingbeforethemiddleofsummer.Randomlightningorhumanactionssparkmostfiresinthearea,Scholtensays.Butthosefireshappenlaterintheyear.Zombiefirescausedlessthan1percentofthetotalareaburnedbyfiresfrom2002to2018.Butitchangedfromyeartoyear.Take2008，forexample.AzombiefireburnedAlaskathatyear.Itcausedalmostone-thirdoffiredamagethatyear.Oneclearpatternemerged:Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.Thezombiefirethreatcouldgrow.Theclimateiswarming.ForestsinthefarNorthalreadyarewarmingfaster.“We'reseeingmorehotsummersandmorelargefiresandintenseburning,'’Scholtensays.Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.Scholten'sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.1.Whatmayleadtozombiefiresaccordingtothepassage?A.wetweatherB.hottersummersC.lowtemperaturesD.coldwinters2.WhatcanwelearnaboutzombiefiresfromParagraph2?A.Changingclimateplaysaroleinthezombiefirethreat.B.Itisoflittleusecomparingfirefighterreportswithsatelliteimages.C.Whereflamesbrokeoutprovidedtheclue.D.Zombiefiresarelesslikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.3.Whatconclusionwillbepossiblymadebasedonthelastparagraph?A.Firefighterscannotdomuchtostopthezombiefires.B.Westillhavemuchtolearnaboutthewarmingclimate.C.Itisimportanttounderstandzombiefires.D.Zombiefiresarelikelytogetmuchbetter.4.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.“Zombie"wildfiresdogreatdamagetolandB.“Zombie"wildfiressparkedbyhumanactionsC.“Zombie"wildfiresreleasegreenhousegasesD.“Zombie"wildfiresreappearafterwinteringundergroundPassageCShiningjust12light-yearsfromEarth,thestarTauCetisoresemblesthesunthatithasappearedinnumerousscience-fictionstoriesandwasthefirststarastronomerseversearchedforsignsofintelligentlife,halfacenturyago.In2012TauCetigrewstillmoreinterestingwhenastronomersreportedfivepossibleplanetssomewhatlargerthanEarthcirclingclosertothestarthanMarsorbits(圍繞……運動)thesun—oneofwhichisinthestar’shabitablezone.NewlyreleasedimagestakenbytheHerschelSpaceObservatoryprovideevenmoreinsightaboutTauCeti’ssolarsystem:greaterdetailaboutitsdustbelt.Dustariseswhenasteroidsandcomets(小行星和彗星)crashintooneanother,soitslocationrevealswherethesedust-creatingobjects—whicharetoosmalltobeseendirectly—orbitastar.InTauCeti’scase,“it’squiteawidedustbelt,”saysSamanthaLawleroftheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbia.AsherteamreportedinNovember,thebelt’sinneredgeisroughlytwotothreeastronomicalunits(AUs)fromthestar,whichisthepositionofourownsun’sasteroidbelt.(AnAUisthedistancefromEarthtothesun.)TauCeti’sdustbeltextendsoutto55AU,whichwouldbejustbeyondoursystem’smainEdgeworth-Kuiperbelt,thezoneofsmallbodieswhoselargestmemberisprobablyPluto.Probablyfullofasteroidsandcomets,TauCeti’sdustbeltmostlikelylacksaplanetaslargeasJupiter,Lawlersays.Thegravityofsuchamassiveplanetwouldhavedrivenawaymostsmallspacerocks.WithinayearanewseriesofradiotelescopesinChilecalledALMAshouldprovideasharperviewofthedisk,especiallyofitsinneredge.TheALMAimageswillhelpastronomersconfirmwhetherthestar’sfiveproposedplanetsareindeedreal.Ifthediskoverlaps（重疊）theplanets’hypothesized(假設的)orbits,thentheyprobablydonotexist;theywouldhavekeptawaymostasteroidsnearthestar,removingthesourceofdust.Ifthoseplanetsdoexist,however,Lawler’steamsuggeststhatTauCeti’splanetarysystemmayresemblewhatoursolarsystemwouldhavelookedlikehadthefourgiantplanets—Jupiter,Saturn,UranusandNeptune-neverformed:smallplanetsorbitingclosetothestar,andnothingbutasteroids,cometsanddustbeyond.1.Accordingtoastronomers,thefivepossibleplanetsofTauCeti________.A.resembledEarthinsizeB.functionedlikeasolarsystemC.werelocatedinTauCeti’shabitablezoneD.werenearertoTauCetithanMarstothesun2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofTauCeti’sdustbelt?A.Itisnarrowerthantheasteroidbeltinoursystem.B.ThebodiesinsideitareallsmallerthanJupiter.C.ThegravityofTauCetimakesitgetdenser.D.Itisover55astronomicalunitsinwidth.3.Accordingtothepassage,thefiveplanetsaremostlikelytoexistif________.A.theydon’tmoveintothedustbeltwhileorbitingTauCetiB.theyhavekeptawaymostasteroidsandcometsC.theydon’tcrashintoanyasteroidorcometD.theycanbeseenclearlybyALMA4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatTauCeti’sdustbelt________.A.isusefulbecauseitstopsasteroidsorcometscrashingintothestarB.makesTauCetidifferentfromthesunbecauseitextendsfartherC.isinterestingbecauseitkeepsotherplanetsawayfromTauCetiD.playsaroleinhelpingdecidewhetherthefiveplanetsarerealPassageDThepandemichasrequiredmanypeopletomakedifficultjudgments.Politicianshavehadtodecidewhichrestrictionstoimposeoncitizens'behaviorandindividualswereforcedtoassesshowmuchpersonalrisktotake.Goodjudgmentisaqualityeveryonewouldliketohave.Butitisremarkablydifficulttodefineprecisely,andmanypeoplearenotsurewhethertheypersonallypossessit.SirAndrewLikiermanoftheLondonBusinessSchoolhasspentalongtimetalkingtoleadersinawiderangeoffieldsinanefforttocreateaframeworkforunderstandingjudgment.Firsthehadtodefinetheword.Hesuggeststhatjudgmentis''thecombinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandmakedecisions''.Thedegreeofjudgmentrequiredtendstoincreaseaspeopletakeonmoreresponsibility.Forachiefexecutive,theproportionofdecisionsinvolvingjudgmentishigh.Decidingnottotakeactionisalsoajudgmentwithpotentiallyseriousconsequences.Somepeoplethinkthatgoodjudgmentisinborn.SirAndrewacceptsthatsomeindividualsarebornwiththeabilitytolisten,beself-awareandbetterunderstandotherpeople:allqualitiesthatmakegoodjudgmenteasier.Othersmayhavethewrongsortofcharacteristics;atendencytoignoreothers,sticktorulesirrespectiveofcontext,rushintoactionwithoutreflectionandstruggletomakeuptheirminds.Asartificialintelligencegetsusedformoreandmoreroutinetasksintheservicesector,exercisingjudgmentmaybeoneoftheonlyareaswherehumansretainanedgeovermachines.Thisisfarfromcertain,however.Withenoughpractice,machinesmaybeabletodisplaytheequivalentofgoodjudgment.Butthen,perhapshumanscanbetaught,too.Inthelongrun,oneofthetrickiestaspectsofhumanjudgmentmaybeknowingpreciselywhentoletmachinesmakedecisionsandwhentoleaveittopeople.1.WhichofthefollowingsituationDOESN'Tneedaperson'sjudgment?A.Politiciansdeciderestrictionsimposedoncitizens'behavior.B.Apersonassesseswhatactiontotakeinfaceofdifficulties.C.Astudentdecidesnottoworkoutamathproblem.D.Afarmerfeelshurtwhenbittenbyasnake.2.WhichstatementistrueaboutSirAndrewLikierman?A.Hetalkedtoleaderswithgoodjudgmentforhisstudy.B.Hethinkspeoplearebornwithgoodjudgment.C.Hethinksbeingself-awarehelpswithgoodjudgment.D.Hethinkspeoplewiththeabilitytolistenhavegoodjudgment.3.Whatmayartificialintelligencebeabletodoaccordingtothepassage?A.tomakedecisionsfreely B.tofinishanytasksC.todisplaygoodjudgment D.toleavedecisionstohumans4.Whichofthefollowingcouldreplacetheunderlinedphrase?A.haveanadvantageover B.taketheplaceofC.performworsethan D.standuptoPassageEChinesescientistshavecreatedtheworld'sfirstlight-basedquantum(量子)computer,calledJiuzhang,openinganeweraofquantumcomputation.It'sabreakthroughinthefieldafterGooglecompleteditsquantumcomputerlastyear.Comparedwithtoday'sbestsupercomputers,Jiuzhangcancalculate100,000billiontimesfaster.Forexample,ittakesJiuzhang200secondstoperformGaussianbosonsampling(高斯玻色取樣問題),anextremelychallengingcalculation,whilethefastestclassicalsupercomputer,Fugaku,wouldneedabout600millionyearstocompletethesametask.Quantumcomputerscantakecomputationalshortcuts(捷徑)whensimulating(模擬)extremelycomplexscenarios(場景),whereasconventionalcomputershavetofindasolutionstepbystep,takingsignificantlymoretimeintheprocess.Quantummachines'amazingcomputingpowerarisesfromtheirbasicbuildingblocks,calledquantumbits,orqubits,accordingtotheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina.Usually,classicalcomputershandledatainbinary(二進制的)bits,presentingdataaseither0sorls.However,quantumcomputersprocessdatausingqubits,whichcanbeidentifiedas0s,1soreverythinginbetween.Asaresult,asthenumberofqubitsincreases,thecomputingabilityofquantumcomputersincreasestoo.Withadvantagesovertraditionalcomputers,quantumcomputershaveawiderangeofapplications.ThecalculationscarriedoutbyJiuzhangcanpotentiallybeappliedtomachinelearning,quantumchemistryandgraphtheory,accordingtoPanJianwei,akeyresearcherbehindJiuzhang.AccordingtoPan,quantumcomputinghasalreadybecomeafiercecompetitiongroundamongtheUnitedStates,Europe,andotherdevelopedregions.“Thefeat(壯舉)cements(鞏固)China'spositioninthefirstechelon(梯隊)ofnationsinquantumcomputing,”theuniversitysaidinanewsrelease.Jiuzhangiscurrentlyonlyprogrammedtodobosonsampling.“Inthenearfuture,scientistsmayincreaseJiuzhang'spossibleoutputstates-akeyindicatorofcomputingpower,”LuChaoyang,anotherkeyresearcherbehindJjuzhang,toldChinaDaily.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiuzhang?A.Itisthefirsttotakeadvantageofquantumcomputation.B.Itcalculates100,000timesfasterthanFugaku.C.ItisthefastesttoperformGaussianbosonsampling.D.IttookChinesescientistsayeartocreatethecomputer.2.WhatmakesJiuzhan'scomputingpowersuperiortoclassicalcomputers?A.Thewayitdealswithdata. B.Thenumberofbitsituses.C.Thecommonmaterialsituses. D.Theconventionalsolution.3.Whatdoparagraphs5and6mainlytalkabout?A.Thecurrentsituationofquantumcomputing.B.ThesignificanceofthecreationofJiuzhang.C.Futureresearchonquantumcomputing.D.WhatneedstobeimprovedwithJiuzhang.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Toinformreadersofanewinvention.B.Toexplainhowquantumcomputerswork.C.Tocomparedifferentsupercomputers.DTointroducethedevelopmentofcomputers.PassageFAttheageof50，NinaSchoenexpectstohavealonglifeaheadofher,buthasthoughtalotaboutdeath-andwhypeoplearesoreluctanttotalkaboutit:“It'sgoingtohappentoallofus,"shesays,“butitshouldbeamorepositiveexperiencethanthefearweputintoit.'Whenshefirstheardaboutanewend-of-lifeprocessthatturnsthebodyintocompost(堆肥)，“Iwasreallymovedbytheidea,”saysSchoen,whobecameoneofthefirsttoreserveaspotwithaSeattle-basedcompanycalledRecompose,thecountry'sfirstfuneralhometoofferhumancomposting.LastyearRecomposebegantransformingbodiestosoil,moreformallyknownasnaturalorganicreduction.Beforethat,end-of-lifeoptionsintheU.S.werelimitedtoburialorcremation(火化)，bothofwhichcomewithenvironmentalcosts-U.S.cremationsalonedump1.7billionpoundsofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphereeveryyear.KatrinaSpadepioneeringthecompostingmovementhasspentadecadedevelopingtheprocessinhopesofofferingpeopleagreeneroptionfordeathcare.“Iwondered，‘Whatifwehadachoicethathelpstheplanetratherthanharmsit?'”SpadetellsPEOPLE.“Toknowthatthelastgestureyou'llmakewillbegentleandbeneficialanditjustfeelsliketherightthingtodo.”Aftershehadherowntwosons，shebegantowonderwhatshemightdowithherbodyafterdeath.Afriendwhoknewherinterestinthetopicremindedherthatfarmerssometimescompostthebodyofcows,andthatsparkedanideaforhertheory:“Ifyoucancompostacow,youcanprobablycompostahuman,"shethought,andshesetaboutdesigningafacilitytodojustthat."Thisisaboutgivingpeopleanotherchoice,"Spadesays.“Atfirst,peoplereactwithshock一‘Youreallycandothat?’ButsomanypeopletodayarelookingattheirimpactontheEarth.Thisisapopularthingbecausewhenyoudie，youcangivebacktotheplanet."1.Howdopeoplereactwhenitcomestodeathaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Theyareunwillingtocomment.B.Theycanfaceitwithoutfear.C.Theyfeelitapositiveexperience.D.Theywouldliketocomposttheirbodies.2.WhatcanweknowaboutthecompanyRecompose?A.ItsCEOisKatrinaSpade.B.ItislocatedinSeattle.C.Itwasfoundedtoresistcremation.D.Ithasspent10yearscompostingbodies.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sparked”probablymean?A.Changed.B.Compromised.C.Quitted.D.Inspired.4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Alittlethingsinourlifecanbringinbigoutcomes.B.Wehumanbeingsshoulddoallwecantohelptheearth.C.Compostingissopopularthatweshouldreserveaspotsoon.D.Weshouldrejectburialbecauseofitsharmtoenvironment.PassageGInclassroomsaroundtheworld,mostkidsknoweachother’sstandingintermsofpopularity.Pastpsychologyresearchhaslookedintothewaysthatchildrenandteensattainthisstatus.Anewstudytakesadifferentapproachbylookingathowpopularchildren,aged11,behavewhentheyparticipateinaone-on-onecooperativetaskwitharandomlychosenclassmate.Theresearchersgot218eleven-year-oldgirlsandboystocompleteacooperativetaskinsame-sexpairs.Thetaskrequiredeachpairofchildrentositatacomputertogetherandfilloutaformaboutplanningaclassroomparty,includingmakingdecisionsaboutthetimeanddate,andwhatsnackswouldbeonoffer.Acamerarecordedthediscussionswhichtookabouttenminutes.Beforethis,allthechildrenhadansweredquestionsaboutwhowasthemostandleastpopularchildintheirclass.Theresearchersusedtheseratingstofindouteachchild’soverallpopularity.Perhapsthemoststrikingfindingwasthesexdifferencethatemerged:themorepopulargirlswerewiththeirclassasawhole,themoreskilfulleadershiptheyshowedinthecooperativetaskwithasingleclassmate.Bycontrast,boys’classpopularitywasassociatedwiththeirshowinglessskilfulleadershipinthetask.Theresearchersalsolookedathowachild’sbehaviourinthetaskwasrelatedtothepopularityoftheirpartner.Bothgirlsandboysadoptedalowprofilewhentheywerecooperatingwithapopularpartner:theytendedtoavoidbeingpushy,suggestingtheydidnotwanttoupsettheirpopularclassmate.“Interactionpartnersofhigh-statuspeers（同齡人）maykeepalowprofilebecausetheyareawareoftheabilitiesofthehigh-statusinfluentialpeer,”theresearcherssaid.Therecouldbepracticalinsightshere.“Ifateacherwantstopromoteself-confidenceandleadershipinagirl,havingherworkwithahighlypopularpeermightnotbethebestoptionbecausethepopularpeer’sreputationorbehaviourcouldleadtosubmissive（順從的）behaviourinthegirl,”theresearcherssaid.“Instead,theteachercouldpairherwithanaverage-statuspeer,ormaybeexplicitlyassignamoresubmissiveroletothepeerwithwhomshewouldbeinteracting,inordertopromotethegirl’sself-confidence.”1.Whatdidthesexdifferenceinthestudyshow?A.Girlsweremorepopularthanboys.B.Girlswerelesssubmissivethanboys.C.Girlsshowedmoreskilfulleadershipthanboys.D.Boyswerelessskilfulindiscussionsthangirls.2.Howdidthechildrenwhokeptalowprofilebehaveinthecooperativetask?A.Theytriedtoinfluencetheirpartners.B.Theydoubtedthepopularityoftheirpartners.C.Theydidn’ttrytopersuadetheirpartnersforcefully.D.Theymadesuggestionsthatmadetheirpartnershappy.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Gainingclasspopularity.B.Developingleadershipinagirl.C.Gettingalongwellwithapartner.D.Gainingconfidenceofpopulargirl.4.Whatdidthenewstudyfocuson?A.Thechildren’spopularityratings.B.Thesexdifferenceinmakingdecisions.C.Thewaysthatchildrengainedpopularity.D.Therelationshipbetweenpopularityandleadership.答題卡PassageA題號答案PassageB題號答案PassageC題號答案PassageD題號答案PassageE題號答案PassageF題號答案PassageG題號答案參考答案及解析PassageA本篇是科技說明文。文章重在介紹新的研究推翻過去實驗的結論，認為蜜蜂的記憶，尤其是長期記憶不一定需要多次訓練。1．D 主旨大意題。第一段主要告知之前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的蜜蜂對于長、中、短期記憶及學練頻率的關系。故選D。2．A 細節(jié)理解題。從第三段“Giurfareasonedthattheabilitytoformlong-termmemoriesmightdependontheparticulartypeofbeeandtheexperience.”以及第四段“taskingthemwithrememberinganexperiencerelevanttotheirrole”可知，當蜜蜂的角色和他們所要記憶的東西有相關性時，他們會一次形成長期記憶。故選A。3．B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段“thecommonlyheldbelief...isnotalwaystrue，”和“reallyadvancesthefield”可知，他覺得這個研究在該領域前進了一大步。故選B。4．C 最佳標題題。文章從第一段介紹之前的研究表明蜜蜂的不同時段記憶需要不同的訓練實現(xiàn)，到新的實驗推翻舊有理論，認為有些長期記憶也可以由一次訓練達到?？芍疚恼窍胝f明這一最新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。PassageB本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),一般的野火會在冬天為嚴寒所撲滅，而“僵戶火”即使在冬天也會燃燒。隨著氣候變暖,“僵尸火”可能會越來越普遍。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內容Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.以及第三段Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.可知氣候變暖導致了“僵尸火”的出現(xiàn)，故選B。2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear'sfire,"explainsRebeccaScholten....Thenewfiresmadescientistswonder可知,新火發(fā)生的地點很接近前一年的大火,這一點讓科學家很好奇,于是展開了研究。故答案C正確。A選項出現(xiàn)在最后一段。B、D選項與原文不符。3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后--段內容,“僵尸火”給環(huán)境帶來了影響,所以了解這方面信息對撲滅大火，保護環(huán)境很重要。故選C。4.D標題選擇題。通讀全文可知,一般的野火會在冬天為嚴寒所撲滅,而“僵尸火”即使在冬天也會燃燒。故選D。.PassageC這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了恒星天倉五的塵埃帶的一些情況，以及在決定天倉五的五顆可能的行星是否真實存在方面的作用。1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“In2012TauCetigrewstillmoreinterestingwhenastronomersreportedfivepossibleplanetssomewhatlargerthanEarthcirclingclosertothestarthanMarsorbits(圍繞……運動)thesun—oneofwhichisinthestar’shabitablezone.(2012年，天文學家們報道了五顆可能比地球大一些的行星，它們圍繞著恒星天倉五運行，比火星繞太陽運行的距離更近，其中一顆位于恒星的可居住區(qū)，這使得天倉五變得更加有趣)”可知，天倉五的五顆可能的行星離天倉五的距離比火星離太陽的距離更近，故選D。2.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TauCeti’sdustbeltextendsoutto55AU,whichwouldbejustbeyondoursystem’smainEdgeworth-Kuiperbelt,thezoneofsmallbodieswhoselargestmemberisprobablyPluto.(天倉五的塵埃帶延伸到55個天文單位，剛好在我們系統(tǒng)的主要埃奇沃斯-柯伊伯帶之外，這個小天體帶的最大成員可能是冥王星。)”可知，天倉五的塵埃帶延伸到55個天文單位，也就是說天倉五的塵埃帶的寬度超過55個天文單位。故選D。3.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ifthediskoverlapstheplanets’hypothesized(假設的)orbits,thentheyprobablydonotexist;theywouldhavekeptawaymostasteroidsnearthestar,removingthesourceofdust.(如果塵埃盤與假設的行星軌道重疊，那么它們很可能不存在；它們會將大多數(shù)靠近恒星的小行星拒之門外，從而消除塵埃的來源)”可知，如果塵埃盤與假設的行星軌道重疊，那么這五顆行星很可能不存在，也就意味著如果它們在繞天倉五運行時軌道沒有和塵埃盤重疊，也就是沒有進入塵埃帶，那么它們可能是存在的，故選A。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“WithinayearanewseriesofradiotelescopesinChilecalledALMAshouldprovideasharperviewofthedisk,especiallyofitsinneredge.TheALMAimageswillhelpastronomersconfirmwhetherthestar’sfiveproposedplanetsareindeedreal.Ifthediskoverlapstheplanets’hypothesized(假設的)orbits,thentheyprobablydonotexist;theywouldhavekeptawaymostasteroidsnearthestar,removingthesourceofdust.(一年內，位于智利的一系列名為ALMA的新射電望遠鏡將提供更清晰的圓盤圖像，特別是其內緣。ALMA的圖像將幫助天文學家確認這顆恒星的五顆行星是否真的存在。如果圓盤與假設的行星軌道重疊，那么它們很可能不存在；它們會將大多數(shù)靠近恒星的小行星拒之門外，從而消除塵埃的來源)”可知，根據(jù)天倉五塵埃帶是否和假設的行星軌道重疊，能幫助天文學家確認這顆恒星的五顆行星是否真的存在，所以天倉五的塵埃帶在決定五顆行星是否真實存在方面起著重要作用，故選D。PassageD這是一篇說明文。這場大流行要求許多人做出艱難的判斷。政客們不得不決定對公民的行為施加哪些限制，個人被迫評估要承擔多大的個人風險。良好的判斷力是每個人都想擁有的品質。但要精確地定義它是非常困難的，許多人都不確定自己是否擁有它。文章主要論述了判斷力的概念以及人們對此的看法。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hesuggeststhatjudgmentis''thecombinationofpersonalqualitieswithrelevantknowledgeandexperiencetoformopinionsandmakedecisions''.Thedegreeofjudgmentrequiredtendstoincreaseaspeopletakeonmoreresponsibility.Forachiefexecutive,theproportionofdecisionsinvolvingjudgmentishigh.Decidingnottotakeactionisalsoajudgmentwithpotentiallyseriousconsequences.(他認為判斷是“個人素質與相關知識和經(jīng)驗的結合，形成意見并做出決定”。當人們承擔更多的責任時，需要的判斷程度往往會增加。對于一位首席執(zhí)行官來說，涉及判斷的決策比例很高。決定不采取行動也是一種可能帶來嚴重后果的判斷)”可推知，農(nóng)夫被蛇咬時感到受傷不需要判斷。故選D。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“SirAndrewacceptsthatsomeindividualsarebornwiththeabilitytolisten,beself-awareandbetterunderstandotherpeople:allqualitiesthatmakegoodjudgmenteasier.Othersmayhavethewrongsortofcharacteristics;atendencytoignoreothers,sticktorulesirrespectiveofcontext,rushintoactionwithoutreflectionandstruggletomakeuptheirminds.(Andrew爵士承認，有些人生來就具有傾聽、自我意識和更好地理解他人的能力：所有這些品質都使良好的判斷更容易。其他人可能有錯誤的特征；他們傾向于忽視他人，不顧背景而堅持規(guī)則，不加思考就匆忙行動，并努力做出決定)”可知，C選項“他認為自我意識有助于良好的判斷”正確。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Withenoughpractice,machinesmaybeabletodisplaytheequivalentofgoodjudgment.(經(jīng)過足夠的練習，機器可能能夠顯示出良好的判斷力)”可知，人工智能可以顯示