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WorkStillHasValueUNIT4
.
SECTIONAENTERPart2Part1?Whatisthispartabout?StructureaindeaM&I(Para.12)Part3Inthispart,theauthorgivesabriefsummarytopointoutthatworkisthemostvigorous,vividsignoflife—bothpersonalandsocial.
WorkStillHasValue
nickelstunmerge>>confer>>dignityaspirationdiluteunemploymentdisastrousprofound
esteemlife-and-death>>notorious>>hierarchy
foremostegoassertdegenerate>>ethnicambitiousewWordsNMoreHOME
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tribedistillarrogantdreadfuldestructivemiseryirrespective>>medievallubricatebrutalrecycleprone>>claritysociologygossipintrinsicewWordsNHOME
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windupinmuchthesamewaythatdieofflayoffkickaround/aboutathandineffecthangout
結(jié)束;終了
如同······
相繼死去
解聘,辭退;暫時撂下,不予理會
粗暴地或不公平地對待;閑逛
在手頭,在附近,可使用
實(shí)際上;有效,生效
與某人待在一起;消磨時間
hrasesandExpressionsP
HOME
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endup結(jié)束;終了繼續(xù)如此虛度光陰,到頭來你將一事無成。Goonidlingawayyourtimelikethis,andyouwouldwindupbygettingnowhere.windup
(L.7)USEITNOW
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Downcombineorcausetwoormorethingstocombine,esp.gradually,soastobecomeasinglething〔使〕合并,〔使〕混合最近很多大學(xué)選擇與別的大學(xué)合并以提高自身的競爭力已不是什么新鮮事了。Itisn’tsomethingnewthatcurrentlymanyuniversitieschoosetomergewithotheruniversitiestoincreasetheirowncompetitiveness.merge
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bestowsth.uponsb.
asagift,honor,favor,etc.;endow
賦予,授予,使具有委員會被授予了更多的權(quán)利來調(diào)查這起醫(yī)療事故。Thecommitteewasconferredonmorerightstolookintothemedicalaccident.confer
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justas;muchthesameas如同······
她像照顧自己剛出世的孩子那樣照顧這只受傷的小狗。Shetookcareofthelittleinjureddoginmuchthesamewaythatshedidwithhernewlybornbaby.inmuchthesamewaythat
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(ofagroupofpeople,animals,orplants)stopliving,onebyone,untiltherearenoneleft相繼死去傳統(tǒng)的手工藝正在相繼失傳,因?yàn)楹苌儆心贻p人對繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)這些工藝感興趣。Traditionalhandicrafthasbeendyingoff,forfewyoungpeopleshowinterestininheritingandfurtherdevelopingit.dieoff
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dismiss;fire解聘,辭退從二十世紀(jì)九十年代起,由于國有企業(yè)的重組,不少原國有企業(yè)的員工下崗了。Sincethe1990s,manyemployeesfromthestate-ownedenterpriseswerelaidoffasaresultofthereconstructionoftheseenterprises.layoff
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treatsb.inanunkindandunfairway;wanderataplacewithoutanydefiniteplansoraims
粗暴地或不公平地對待;閑逛初來乍到,莫利斯常遭到辦公室里其他的同事的不公平待遇。Asanewcomer,Morrisisoftenkickedaroundbyothercolleaguesintheoffice.kickaround/about(L.23)USEITNOW
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involvingpossiblelossoflife;mortal;cruciallyimportant
生死攸關(guān)的反腐倡廉對于任何執(zhí)政黨來說都是生死攸關(guān)的大事。Combatingcorruptionandbuildingacleanandhonestgovernmentisoflife-and-deathimportancetoanyrulingparty.life-and-death
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widelyandunfavorablyknown;infamous;disreputable臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的,聲名狼藉的這個臭名昭著的大毒梟在哥倫比亞被捕,被引渡到美國受審。ThisnotoriousdruglordwasarrestedinColombiaandextraditedtotheUnitedStatesfortrial.notorious
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readyforuse;available
在手頭,在附近;可使用出門在外,你要有自我保護(hù)意識并確保手頭有點(diǎn)錢。Whileawayfromhome,youshouldpossessasoundsenseofself-protectionandmakesurethatyouhavesomemoneyathand.athand
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fallfromahighstandard;decline;deteriorate
變質(zhì),蛻變;退化一旦對某項(xiàng)事業(yè)的熱衷蛻變成對名利金錢的追求,它帶來的不再是快樂而是負(fù)擔(dān)。Oncethepassionforcertaincausehasdegeneratedintoapursuitoffameandmoney,itstopsbringinghappinessbutaburden.degenerate
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virtually;implicitly;actually實(shí)際上;有效,生效
龍和鳳只不過是傳說中的動物罷了,它們實(shí)際上并未存在過。Dragonandphoenixhavenotexistedineffect;theyarenothingbutlegendaryanimals.ineffect
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withoutregardto;regardlessof不考慮,不顧及一個真人秀節(jié)目在全國引起了巨大的轟動,其形式是任何女性不受年齡、國籍或職業(yè)的限制都可以報(bào)名參加一個歌唱比賽。ArealityTVshowinwhichanyfemalecanregisterforasingingcontestirrespectiveofage,nationalityoroccupationcausedagreatsensationacrossthecountry.irrespective
(L.58)USEITNOW
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liableorlikelytobeaffectedby;vulnerable
傾向于,易受影響的由于缺乏自律和足夠的區(qū)分是非的能力,青少年更容易受到電視的不良影響。Forlackofself-disciplineandsufficientabilitytodistinguishrightfromwrong,teenagersaremorepronetothenegativeinfluenceofTV.proneto(L.64)USEITNOW
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associateincasualcompanionship;spendtimerelaxingorenjoyingoneself與某人待在一起;消磨時間
媽媽,我已經(jīng)長大了!我知道該跟什么樣的人待在一起。Mom,
I’vegrownup!IknowwhatkindofpeopleIshouldhangoutwith.hangoutwith(L.72)USEITNOW
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UPEX:II.P.93
EX:V.P.95
EX:IV.P.94EX:III.P.93EX:IX.P.97EX:VI.P.96VocabularyEssaySummaryCollocationComprehensionTranslationHOMEWhymightworkersinthe19thcenturyhavefoundthenotionofwork’sinherentvirtuetoberidiculous?
Becausetheysufferedfromlowwagesandoppressiveworkingconditions.II.Answerthefollowingquestions..EX:II.P.93
Comprehension1xercisesE
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DownWhatistheimmigrantworkethic?Tothefirstgenerationofimmigrants,workhadgreatvirtues.Firstofall,itensuredtheirownsurvival.Secondly,itmadeitpossibleforthemtoprovideabetterlifeandeducationfortheirchildren,whichmeantanimprovementintheirsocialstatus.Lastbutnotleast,itwastheveryhardworkthatgavetheirlaborsafiercedignity,whichservedasadrivingforceintheirownlife.EX:II.P.93
Comprehension2xercisesE
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DownWhyistheworkethicdilutednowadaysinAmericansociety?Generallyspeaking,it’sbecausethewaypeopleviewworkismuchchanged.Specifically,therearefourcauses.Thefirstisthattoday’syoungerworkershavelittleideaaboutthepovertyandsufferingoftheDepressionand,therefore,don’tknowwhatworkmeanttothosewhosurvivedtheDepression.TheEX:II.P.93
Comprehension3xercisesE
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DownMoresecondcauseisthatunemploymentnolongermeanspersonalruinandshamethankstoelaboratefinancialcushions.Thirdly,thelossofajobnowcarrieslesspersonalshame,asitcanbeblamedonthewildandnotoriousbehavioroftheeconomy.Andfinally,worknolongerjustservesasameansofexistenceinasocietywhereexpectationsaregettinghigherwithrisingeducationallevels.EX:II.P.93
ComprehensionxercisesE
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DownWhydoestheauthormentionthepainfulmemoryoftheDepressiongeneration?ToexplaintheattitudetoworkofthosewhosufferedtheextremepovertyduringtheDepression,andtocontrastthiswiththeattitudesoftoday’syoungerworkers.EX:II.P.93
Comprehension4xercisesE
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Down Howdoesworksatisfyhumanneeds?AccordingtoMaslow,workmeetshumanneedsinthefollowinghierarchy:first,itprovidessuchbasicmeansasfoodandshelter;second,itcanprovidesecurity;third,itsatisfiestheneedforfriendshipandconnectionwithothers;fourth,itcanhelpgainrespect;andfinally,itcansatisfythedesireforself-fulfillment.EX:II.P.93
Comprehension5xercisesE
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Down WhatisthepurposefortheauthortodiscussMaslow’sschemeofthehierarchyofneeds?
Maslow’sschemeisquotedtoexplainworkers’expectationschangewithsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Becauseofthesechanges,workhasdifferentmeaningstodifferentgroupsinsocietyastheyarepositionedatdifferentstagesintheworkhierarchy.EX:II.P.93
Comprehension6xercisesE
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DownWhatisthesignificanceofthewomen’srightsmovement?Thewomen’srightsmovementhasmadeitpossibleforwomentopursuecareers,notjustworkformeresurvival.That’stosay,theyareworkingatthelevelof“fulfillingthemselves〞,whichisthehighestinMaslow’sworkhierarchy.EX:II.P.93
Comprehension7xercisesE
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Down Howdoestheauthorillustratetheideathat“miseryisalwayscomparative〞?ConditionsforsomeUSworkers,suchasthoseonassemblylines,maybeconsideredterrible.However,themedievalworkerssufferedmuchmoremiserythanthoseworkingonthemodernassemblyline.ApoorIndianrubbishcollectorlivesamoremiserablelifethana“poor〞Americancarworker.TheaveragepeasantsinSouthAmericaworkharderthanmostofAmericans.EX:II.P.93
Comprehension8xercisesE
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Down Whatisthesignificanceoftheidea“miseryisalwayscomparative〞?
Theauthoriscautioningthatitisimportanttohaveapropersenseofperspectiveaboutwork,beforemakingjudgmentsonparticularsituations.
EX:II.P.93
Comprehension9xercisesE
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DownInwhatwaydoesworkserveasthemostthoroughandprofoundorganizingprincipleinAmericanlife?
WorkisthemostthoroughandprofoundorganizingprincipleinAmericanlifeinthatithelpspeopleconnectwithothersinaworkcommunityand,therefore,satisfytheirneedforfriendshipandsocialrelations.EX:II.P.93
Comprehension10xercisesE
PAGE
UPHepridedhimselfonbeingaverywell___________memberoftheBritishcommunity,highlyrespectedbyhispeers.Shefelt__________,asifwhathehaddonetoherhadsomehowparalyzednotonlytheirlimbsbuthersensestoo.esteemedIII.Completetheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.
intrinsicnotoriousdilutedestructiveconferassertdreadfulforemoststunarrogantgossiprecycleaspirationhierarchyesteemEX:III.P.93VocabularystunnedxercisesE
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Down3. Herbadtemperwas___________,andshewasoftendepictedwithabeardandabowandarrow,testifyingtoherwarlikecharacter.4. Itisabsurdtosupposethateverypowerwhichis____________onthepoliticalheadofadepartmentmustbeexercisedbyhimandhimalone.notoriousconferredxercisesE
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DownIII.Completetheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.
intrinsicnotoriousdilutedestructiveconferassertdreadfulforemoststunarrogantgossiprecycleaspirationhierarchyesteemEX:III.P.94Vocabulary5. Hisfriendsnolongerhada(n)____________forfurthereducation,becausetheythoughtitsopportunitycostsweretoohigh.6. Heacknowledgedthatinthemajorityofbusinessesthemoralstandardshadbeen_________verysignificantly.aspirationdilutedxercisesE
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DownIII.Completetheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.
intrinsicnotoriousdilutedestructiveconferassertdreadfulforemoststunarrogantgossiprecycleaspirationhierarchyesteemEX:III.P.94Vocabulary7. Maslowhypothesizeda___________ofneeds,wherebythesatisfactionofalowerneedwillresultinitsbeingreplacedbyahigherneed.8. Peopleareamazedatthechangeinherimage,buttheyshouldrealizethat,firstand_________,sheisacaringwoman.hierarchyforemostxercisesE
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DownIII.Completetheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.
intrinsicnotoriousdilutedestructiveconferassertdreadfulforemoststunarrogantgossiprecycleaspirationhierarchyesteemEX:III.P.94Vocabulary9. They__________quiteclearlythatpermittingdivorcewouldcertainlyaffectthestabilityofallIrishmarriagesbecauseitrenderedeveryIrishmarriagedissoluble.10.Itissaidthattheparty’signorantand_________behaviorovertheyearstowardsreservedandmoderatecriticismprovokedthecrisis.assertedarrogantxercisesE
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DownIII.Completetheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.
intrinsicnotoriousdilutedestructiveconferassertdreadfulforemoststunarrogantgossiprecycleaspirationhierarchyesteemEX:III.P.94Vocabulary11. Thereportisonlyoneofthoseshowingthegenerally___________stateofthecountry’shousingandemployment.12. Industrywouldbeunwillingtoinvestfurtherin___________untilitbecameprofitable,hesaid.dreadfulrecyclingxercisesE
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UPIII.Completetheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.
intrinsicnotoriousdilutedestructiveconferassertdreadfulforemoststunarrogantgossiprecycleaspirationhierarchyesteemEX:III.P.94VocabularyIV.Replacetheunderlinedwordsorexpressionsinthefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromthetextthatbestkeeptheoriginalmeaning.1. Americaisstillthelandofopportunity,wheresmartyoungpeoplelikeBillGatesofMicrosoftcanendupontopofthelistoftherichestAmericans.windup
EX:IV.P.94Vocabulary2. Manycompaniesdesiretocombinewithstrongerfirmssoastoaltertheirinvestmentstrategies,justassoonastheGovernmentallows.mergewithxercisesE
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Down3. Itisapitytonoticethatmanytraditionalvalueshavebeendisappearingwiththedevelopmentofamarketeconomyandurbancivilization.dyingoff
EX:IV.P.94Vocabulary4. Therestructuringofenterprisesandtheoptimizationofhumanresourcesmakeitnecessaryfortheredundantworkerstobethrownoutoftheirjobs.laidoffxercisesE
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Down6. Theprofessorfeltgratefulandrelievedthatthedebatehadn’tdeclinedintosomethingabsurdanddegrading.degeneratedinto
EX:IV.P.94Vocabulary5.
Itisreportedthatmorethan100companieswentbankruptduringtheprocessoftheeconomicslumpthatsweptSoutheastAsia.closeddownxercisesE
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Down7. Thisnewdefinitionofmarketingstressesarelationshipbetweenaconsumerandanorganization,and
actually
,excludesindustrialmarketing,whichinvolvesatransactionbetweentwoorganizations.ineffect
EX:IV.P.94Vocabulary8. Energycontributestowell-beingbyprovidingsuchconsumerservicesasheating,lightingandcooking,
besidesservingasanecessaryinputtoeconomicproduction.apartfromxercisesE
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Down9. IfIamdeterminedthatathingisright,Ishoulddoit,
withoutregardtoconsequences.irrespectiveof
EX:IV.P.95Vocabulary10.Amongyoungpeople,womenseemtobemoreaffectedbyitthanmen,netoxercisesE
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Down11.Thenewpolicyofloweringtheinterestratediscouragespeoplefromdepositingtheirmoneyintothebank.takesacertainamountofpeople’sinterestoutof
EX:IV.P.95Vocabulary12.Itisthemostfrighteningexperienceofmylifewatchingsomeoneyoulovegettingroughlyandunfairlytreated;what’smore,youcannothelphim.kickedaroundxercisesE
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UPV.Lookatthefollowingsentencetakenfromyourreadingpassage.Justthinkaboutwhatelseyoucan“carry〞andfillinthesentenceswiththerightword.e.g.ButthegenerationoftheGreatDepressionisretiringanddyingoff,andtoday’syoungerworkers,thoughsometimeslaidoffandkickedaroundbyrecessions,stilldonotcarryterriblememoriesofthepovertyandsufferingoftheDepression.Buttheblowseldomcarriesthelife-and-deathimplicationsitoncehad,thesenseofpersonalruin.EX:V.P.95CollocationxercisesE
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DownMosteditionscarriedsto
stressingtheamountofmoneybeingspentonimprovingconditionsforAfricansinthecountry.
ries2. Tohelphisdumbbrothercommunicatewithpeople,hedesignedaseriesofcardscarryingme
coveringthevarioussituationshewouldnormallybein,withtheexplanationonthereverseside.
ssagesxercisesE
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Down3. Itisnotanattitudethatwouldcarrymuchwe
inothereducationalcircles,butitiseasytoseeitsrootsinthetraditionsofapprenticeshiptoatrade.
ight4. Wordscarryme
,andsodocombinationofwords.5.MarkFrameattendedtheconference,carryingtheho
ofbeingthefirstBritishmemberoftheBureau.
anings
norxercisesE
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Down6. Theparasiteandmosquitoeswhichcarrythedi
needacertaintemperaturetosurvive.
sease7. Earlierthisyearresearchersturnedthematerialintoasuperconductor—thematerialcarrieselec
withnoresistance.
tricityxercisesE
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Down8. Peoplehopethattheyoungergenerationwouldcarryforwardthenation’sdeep-rootedtra
ofdoinggoodbyvoluntaryservice.
ditionxercisesE
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UPfailtorecognize生活貧困的人往往體會不到勞動本身對于人們獲得和維護(hù)其尊嚴(yán)所起的作用。VI.
TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
EX:VI.P.96Translation1Thosewholeadamiserablelifeoftenfailtorecognizetheinherentvirtueofworkinearningandsustainingtheirdignity.earnandsustaintheirdignity
xercisesE
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DownEX:VI.P.96Translation2Withthelifebetteredandlevelsofeducationhigher,theworkethicisdilutednow.workethic隨著生活的改善和教育水平的提高,職業(yè)道德的觀念遭到了削弱。isdiluted/weakenedxercisesE
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Down年輕的一代很難理解他們的先輩們?yōu)楹我獙⒏苫钭鳛榫S持生計(jì)之首要因素。EX:VI.P.96Translation3Theyounggenerationhasmuchdifficultyunderstandingwhytheirancestorshadtofocustheirmindsuponworkasthecentralconcernofexistence.thecentralconcernofxercisesE
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Down馬斯洛認(rèn)為,不同階層、不同族群對勞動所要滿足的需求也各不相同。EX:VI.P.96Translation4AccordingtoMaslow,differentclassesandethnicgroupsarepositionedatdifferentstagesintheworkhierarchy.
positionedatdifferentstages
workhierarchy
ethnicgroupsxercisesE
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DownEX:VI.P.96Translation5Indevelopingcountries,manytalentedyoungintellectualsflockindrovestoAmerica,whichformstheso-called“braindrain〞.開展中國家許多才華橫溢的年輕知識分子紛紛涌向美國,形成所謂的“人才外流〞。flock(indroves)to
xercisesE
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Downtalentedyoungintellectuals
braindrain如果一個國家易受高通貨膨脹的影響,其貨幣就得貶值,以保持出口產(chǎn)品在價(jià)格上的競爭力。EX:VI.P.96Translation6Ifacountryispronetohighinflation,thenitscurrencywillhavetobedevaluedtomaintainthepricecompetitivenessofitsexports.devaluethepricecompetitivenesspronetohighinflationxercisesE
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Down一位社會學(xué)家認(rèn)為,勞動是人們建立相互關(guān)系的手段。從這個意義上說,勞動場所發(fā)揮著社區(qū)的作用。EX:VI.P.96Translation7Oneexpertinsociologybelievesthatworkisameansforpeopletobuildrelationships.Inthatsense,theworkplaceperformsthefunctionofacommunity.expertinsociology
performthefunctionofinthatsensexercisesE
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Downfulfilloneself
“實(shí)現(xiàn)自我〞的愿望是一種于人無損甚至值得尊敬的上進(jìn)心,但有時也會蛻變成自私的不滿。EX:VI.P.96Translation8Thedesireto“fulfillthemselves〞,aharmlessandevenworthyenterprise,maysometimesdegenerateintoaselfishdiscontent.degenerateintoxercisesE
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DownenterprisetheblowofbeinglaidoffEX:VI.P.96Translation9TomostAmericanstoday,theblowofbeinglaidoffseldomcarriesthelife-and-deathimplicationsitoncehad.當(dāng)今,對多數(shù)美國人而言,下崗的打擊,很少像以前那樣帶有生死攸關(guān)的含義。carrylife-and-deathimplications
xercisesE
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Down現(xiàn)代工人仍有許多不滿,但如果他們知道工業(yè)革命初期工人的工作條件要?dú)埧岬枚?,也許感覺會好一些。EX:VI.P.96TranslationModernworkersmayhavealotofcomplaints.ButtheywillfeelbetterwhentheyknowthattheirpredecessorsdidworkunderafarmorebrutalconditionduringtheearlystageoftheIndustrialRevolution.earlystageoftheIndustrialRevolution
workunderafarmorebrutalcondition10xercisesE
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UPEX:IX.P.97EssaySummaryHistorically,workhasrelatedtoofadverseworkingconditions.But
2thosefirstimmigrantstoAmerica,itwashardworkthatbroughtthemnotonlyrich3
butalsoafierce4
.
Eventually,theimmigrantworkethic5withthe6workethic.punishmentand1because1.A.criminalB.fineC.sufferingD.pollutionChoosethebestoneofthe4answersgiventofillineachblank.2.A.withB.asfor
C.as
D.asfaras3.A.incomeB.profit
C.earningD.fruit4.A.honorB.reputation
C.dignity
D.popularity
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Down5.A.mergedB.contradictedC.connectedD.related6.A.traditionalB.ProtestantC.religiousD.Christian
C.TobeginwithD.precedingEX:IX.P.97EssaySummary
Thisworkethicisnow7forvariousreasons.8
thewaypeopleviewworkismuchchangedbecauseyoungworkerdonotcarrythe9ofthepovertyandsufferingoftheDepressionthattheir10generationsdid.Anotherreasonisthatelaboratefinancial11reducetheblowofunemployment.Besides,thelossofjobstodayismoreofaconsequenceof12economicbehaviorthanpersonalshame.7.A.strengthenB.reinforcedC.distilledD.diluted10.A.successive
B.proceeding11.A.favorsB.welfares
C.cushions
D.treatments9.A.memoriesB.pains
C.hardshipsD.feelings12.A.active
C.widespreadB.notorious
D.well-known
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B.Mostimportant8.A.Atfirst
D.AtthebeginningC.preciousEX:IX.P.97EssaySummaryThefinalreasonisthatthebettereducationyoungerpeoplecannowenjoyraisestheirexpectations,
13theirpriorities,andyet14thepointofhardworkasthecentral15oftheirexistence.Maslow’stheorythatworkfunctionsina16ofneedsindicatesthatitmayhavedifferentmeaningstopeople
13.A.unitesB.diversifiesC.encouragesD.differentiates14.A.raisesB.enhancesC.weakensD.answers15.A.concern
B.worry
C.desire
D.thought16.A.orderB.varietyC.numberD.hierarchy
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C.ineffect18.A.sustainB.lead
C.make
D.keep19.A.culturalB.social
C.political
D.economic17.A.inpractice
B.intheory
D.inconsequence
C.privacy
D.domesticity20.A.individualsB.personsfromdifferentbackgrounds,but17
,
itcontainssuchbasicvaluestoallworkersashelpingthem18
life,earningthemthepersonaldignityandservingasameansofbuilding19
relationships.Inaword,workisthemostvigorous,vividsignoflife—bothin20
andsociety.EX:IX.P.97EssaySummary
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UPPartIMultipleChoice(80%)Directions:HOME1.ThecornerstoneoftheFreeTown,thereplacementoftheWorldTradeCentrewhichcollapsedinthe9.11terroristattackin2001,waslaid______in2004.A)offB)asideC)outD)down2.I’mafraidthatyouhavetorewriteyourtermpapersincetheargumentsare______.A)tothepointB)offthepointC)convincingD)persuasiveChoosethebestanswertofillintheblanks.
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