Unit1Encyclopaedias教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)老師姓名學(xué)生姓名教材版本深圳牛津版學(xué)科名稱英語年級八年級上課時(shí)間課題名稱Unit1Encyclopaedias教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)單詞以及短語的用法經(jīng)典句型的運(yùn)用重點(diǎn)語法之復(fù)合不定代詞教學(xué)過程Step1Mainwords1.inventorTheyounginventorkeptworkingonimprovements.這位年輕的發(fā)明家不停地完善他的發(fā)明。總結(jié):inventor作詞，表示“”，是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式“inventors”；拓展：inventv.發(fā)明Heinventedthefirstelectricclock.他發(fā)明了第一個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)械鐘。invention發(fā)明物復(fù)數(shù)形式“inventions”Theirinventionconqueredtheworld.他們的這項(xiàng)發(fā)明征服了全世界。連接詞：動(dòng)詞+or變名詞引導(dǎo)conduct—conductor列車長編輯edit—editor編者跟蹤tail—tailor裁縫參觀visit—visitor訪問者發(fā)覺detect—detector探測器傳染infect—infector傳染者駕駛sail—sailor水手演act—actor演員運(yùn)用：第二個(gè)重要的發(fā)明發(fā)生在美國。我們擁有所有的思想并發(fā)明創(chuàng)造每種東西。誰發(fā)明了電燈？2.musicianHewasabrilliantmusician.他是一位才華橫溢的音樂家?？偨Y(jié):musician用作名詞時(shí)，意思是“”連接詞匯：以ian結(jié)尾的名詞library（圖書館）—librarian（圖書管理員）history（歷史）—historian（歷史學(xué)家）Arab（阿拉伯）—Arabian（阿拉伯人）Christ（基督）—Christian（基督徒）運(yùn)用：我長大后想成為一名音樂家。3.scientistEveryscientisthasachildhooddream.每位科學(xué)家都有一個(gè)童年的夢想。總結(jié)：scientist用作名詞時(shí)，意思是“”science用作名詞，意思是“科學(xué)”連接詞匯：以ist結(jié)尾的名詞ideal（理想）—idealist（理想主義者）art（藝術(shù)）—artist（藝術(shù)家）violin（小提琴）—violinist（小提琴家）piano（鋼琴）—pianist（鋼琴家）運(yùn)用：.你想成為一名科學(xué)家嗎？4.bornSomepeoplearebornbrainy.有些人天生聰明。Jackwasabornteacher.杰克天生是個(gè)當(dāng)老師的料。總結(jié)：dream用作動(dòng)訶時(shí)，意為“出生”；用作形容詞時(shí)，意為“天生的”常用短語：sb.beborn運(yùn)用：他出生在美國。她天生就是個(gè)鋼琴家。5.intelligenceShe'sawomanofexceptionalintelligence.她是個(gè)有著非凡智慧的女子?？偨Y(jié)：intelligence用作名詞時(shí)，意思是“”拓展：intelligent聰明的beof（much）intelligence=be（very）intelligent運(yùn)用：她是個(gè)美麗又聰明的女人。6.abilityIthinkshehastheabilitytosolvetheproblem.我相信她有這個(gè)能力解決這個(gè)難題?？偨Y(jié)：ability作名詞，意思為“________”。拓展：able作形容詞，意為“有能力的，能夠的”固定短語：beabletodosth.=havetheabilitytodosth.運(yùn)用：他有能力當(dāng)一個(gè)好班長（monitor）。7.perhapsPerhapslovecanchangeeverything.或許愛能改變一切?？偨Y(jié)：perhaps作副詞，意思為“________”。辨析：probably,perhaps,maybe,possibly的區(qū)別probably“很有可能；十之八九”，其語義較強(qiáng)，可能性較大It

will

probably

be

fine

tomorrow.明天大概會(huì)是晴天。

erhaps“或許”，含有“可能這樣，也可能不這樣”Perhaps

we

will

be

late

for

work.或許我們上班會(huì)遲到。maybe“或許”、“大概”多用于美國英語,主要用于非正式場合，口語中常用Maybehewillsucceed.他也許會(huì)成功。possibly“或許；也許”，所指的可能性較小，為加強(qiáng)語氣，可與can、could或may連用It

may

possibly

be

true.也許是真的。8.includeAgoodBritishbreakfastalwaysincludessausages.一頓豐盛的英式早餐總會(huì)包括香腸?？偨Y(jié)：include作動(dòng)詞，意思為“________”。拓展：including和included用法區(qū)別including被用作介詞，后接名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語Thereare40studentsintheclassroom,includingme.included也有介詞用法，且：including+賓語=賓語+included.Thereare40studentsintheclassroom,meincluded.運(yùn)用：所有的學(xué)生包括老師在內(nèi)都要參加這次會(huì)議。這家旅店的房價(jià)包括早餐。howeverHowever,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.然而，有些恐龍喜歡吃肉?？偨Y(jié)：however作副詞，意思為“”?？晌挥诰淝?，句中和句后。Sheisill,however,shegoestowork.Hethinkit’sright.Heiswrong,however.辨析：however和buthowever“然而”，轉(zhuǎn)折的意味較弱可位于句前，句中和句后后面常用逗號隔開Helikesmusic.However,hiswifedoesn’t.but“但是”轉(zhuǎn)折的意味很強(qiáng)烈位于分句句首后面不使用逗號Helikesmusic,buthiswifedoean’t.10.winWecanwinthechampionship.我們有能力贏得冠軍?？偨Y(jié)：win作動(dòng)詞，意思為“”。辨析：defeat、beat和

win

的區(qū)別defeat和beat屬一組同義詞，它們的賓語必須是人或一個(gè)集體如a

team,

a

class,

a

school,

an

army。defeat尤指在戰(zhàn)場上打敗敵人；beat是游戲、比賽的專門用詞。二者常可換。win表示在較強(qiáng)的競爭中取得勝利，它常跟的賓語有g(shù)ame,

war,

prize,

fame,

battle等。運(yùn)用：他們?nèi)〉昧诉@次戰(zhàn)斗（battle）的勝利。一班打敗了二班，獲得了第一名。Step2Mainphrasesbeborn出生2.inthecountryside在農(nóng)村3.forexample例如4.morethan超過5.humanbeing人類6.dieout滅絕7.comeoutof從......出來8.attheendof在......末尾9.justlike正如10.befamousfor以......聞名11.goforawalk去散步12.findout了解，弄清13.nextto緊挨著14.looklike看起來像同步練習(xí)：根據(jù)句意從左面選擇適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z并用其正確形式填空，補(bǔ)全句子。1.Ifwedon’tprotecttheenvironment,alltheanimalswill______________.2.Mygrandparentslive.3.WhenMum_________________thehouse,shesawabigdoginfrontofthedoor.4.Sheisveryintelligent,_________________shecanspeakfourlanguages.5.Hangzhouthesilk.6._________________theterm,Jimdidwellinthefinalexam.7.Let’s_________________afterdinner.8.Thereare_________________50studentsinourclass.9.Thepolicethetruthofthemurder(謀殺).10.I’minterestedinpeople.11.--Whereyou？--InEngland.12.--Whatyourfriend?--Tallandthin.13.Everyonelikesacleanclassroom,home.14.Thereisastoreourschool.Step3Mainsentences1.Lookitup!查閱一下！解析：lookup意為“查閱，查詢”強(qiáng)調(diào)在詞典、參考書里查詢Wecanlookupnewwordsinthedictionary.我們可以在詞典里查新單詞。拓展：lookup仰視，向上看HelookedupfromhisbookwhenIcameintotheroom.我進(jìn)入房間時(shí)，他從書本上抬起頭來看了看。相關(guān)短語：lookaround向周圍看lookout小心looklike看起來像lookthesame看起來相同lookforwardto盼望運(yùn)用：1.ThismorningIsomenewrestaurantontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.cleanedupD.gaveup2.過馬路時(shí)要小心！3.我盼望去美國旅游。2.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.有些恐龍和雞一樣小。解析：as.....as....和.....一樣......中間接形容詞或副詞的原級否定：notas/so......as............不如......Thistreeisastallasthatone.這棵樹和那棵樹一樣高。Thistreeisnotso/astallasthatone.這棵樹不如那棵樹高。運(yùn)用：--Englishisn’tasasChinese.--Maybe,perhapsit’sjustbecauseChineseisyournativelanguage.A.easyB.easilyC.easierD.easiest3.Comesoutofhis/hermother’sbody從他/她媽媽的身體里出來解析：outof從.....出來，在.....外Thestudentscomeoutoftheclassroom.學(xué)生從教室里傳來。拓展：常見的outof相關(guān)短語rushoutof從...沖出來jumpoutof從...跳出來lookoutof從...向外看takeoutof從...取出來運(yùn)用：那只可愛的小貓從箱子里跳了出來。Ann生氣地從房間里沖了出來。同學(xué)們，請把書從書包里拿出來。4.Theyhelpedmethinkanddream.它們幫助我思考和夢想。解析：helpsb.(to)dosth.helpsb.withsth.幫助某人某事HeoftenhelpsmetostudyEnglish.=HeoftenhelpsmewithEnglish.拓展：1）helponeselfto隨便吃Helpyourselvestosomefish,children.孩子們，隨便吃點(diǎn)魚吧。2）can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事Shecan’thelplaughing.她禁不住笑了。運(yùn)用：你會(huì)幫媽媽做家務(wù)嗎？太累了，禁不住睡著了。Step4Grammar復(fù)合不定代詞

1.復(fù)合不定代詞的構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞由some,any,no,every加上-body,-thing,-one構(gòu)成。somebody某人 anybody任何人 nobody沒人 everybody每人someone某人 anyone任何人 noone沒人 everyone每人something某物 anything任何事物 nothing沒東西 everything每件事2.復(fù)合不定代詞的用法這些復(fù)合不定代詞只具有名詞性質(zhì)，用作單數(shù)，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。帶some的一般用于肯定句，而帶any的一般用于否定句和疑問句；它們的用法同some,any的用法類似。帶body與帶one的復(fù)合代詞，其詞義相同，只是帶body的較口語化。Everythingbeginstogrowinspring.春天萬物開始生長了。Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.我的手表壞了。Ican’tseeanything.我什么也沒看見。3.復(fù)合不定代詞的特殊用法（1）用在表示“請求”、“建議”或希望得到對方肯定答復(fù)的疑問句中。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝點(diǎn)什么嗎？（2）復(fù)合不定代詞被定語所修飾時(shí)，定語必須放在它的后面。Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.收音機(jī)出了毛病。4.復(fù)合不定代詞的屬格

（1）含-one和-body等指人的復(fù)合代詞可有’s屬格形式。

Everybody’s

business

is

nobody’s

business.大家的事情沒人管。

Is

this

anybody’s

seat?

這兒有人坐嗎？

（2）含-one和-body等指人的復(fù)合代詞后跟else時(shí)，’s屬格應(yīng)加在else之后。Can

you

remember

someone

else’s

name?

你還記得其他人的姓名嗎？

（3）含-thing等指事物的復(fù)合不定代詞沒有’s屬格形式。5.復(fù)合不定代詞的否定

（1）“not

every-”表示的是部分否定，意為“并非都，不都”。

Not

everything

will

go

well.

并非一切都會(huì)那么順利。

The

teacher

didn’t

call

everyone?s

name.

老師并沒有點(diǎn)所有人的名。

（2）“not

any-”和no-均表示全否定。He

listened,

but

heard

nothing.他聽了聽，但什么也沒聽到。

=

He

listened,

but

didn?t

hear

anything.

You

haven?t

called

anyone/anybody

up,

have

you?

你沒給誰打過電話，是嗎？

=

You

have

called

no

one/nobody

up,

have

you?

6.合與分的區(qū)別問題

（1）someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介詞of連用；some

one，any

one，every

one則既可指人又可指物，可與介詞of連用。

Anyone

should

be

polite

to

every

one

of

them.任何人都要禮貌對待他們中的每一個(gè)人。

---Which

toy

would

you

like?

---Any

one

is

OK.

---你要那個(gè)玩具？---隨便。

（2）no

one（=nobody）“沒有人”，只用來指人，通常不和介詞of連用；none“沒有一個(gè)”，既可以用來指人也可用來指物。例如：

No

one

can

do

it

better.

沒有人能做得更好。

None

of

these

questions

is

easy,

and

none

of

us

can

even

answer

any

one

of

them.這些問題沒有一個(gè)是容易的，我們中沒有一個(gè)人能答出其中的一題。

回答who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)用no

one；回答how

many引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)用none。---Who

was

late

?

---No

one.

---誰遲到了？---誰也沒有遲到。

---How

many

pigs

do

you

keep?

---None.

---你養(yǎng)幾頭豬？---一頭也沒養(yǎng)。同步練習(xí)：(

)

1.

I’m

hungry.

I

want

______

to

eat.

A.

anything

B.

something

C.

everything

D.

nothing

(

)

2.

—Do

you

have

______

to

say

for

yourself?

—No,

I

have

______

to

say.

A.

something;

everything

B.

nothing;

something

C.

everything;

anything

D.

anything;

nothing

(

)

3.

Why

not

ask

______

to

help

you?

A.

everyone

B.

someone

C.

anyone

D.

none

(

)

4.

Everything

______

ready.

We

can

start

now.

A.

are

B.

is

C.

be

D.

were

(

)

5.

There’s

______

with

his

eyes.

He’s

OK.

A.anything

wrong

B.

wrong

something

C.

nothing

wrong

D.

wrong

nothing

(

)

6.

—The

story

is

so

amazing!

It’s

the

most

interesting

story

I’ve

ever

read.

—But

I’m

afraid

it

won’t

be

liked

by

______.

A.

everybody

B.

somebody

C.

anybody

D.

nobody

(

)

7.

She

listened

carefully,

but

heard

______.

A.

anyone

B.

someone

C.

everyone

D.

nothing

(

)

8.

I

agree

with

most

of

what

you

said,

but

I

don’t

agree

with

______.

A.

everything

B.

anything

C.

something

D.

nothing

(

)

9.

—Everyone

is

here

today,

______?

—No,

Han

Mei

isn’t

here.

She’s

ill.

A.

isn’t

it

B.

isn’t

he

C.

are

they

D.

isn’t

everyone

(

)

10.

Everything

goes

well,

______?

A.

is

it

B.

isn’t

it

C.

do

they

D.

doesn’t

it

Step5能力提升I單項(xiàng)選擇1.Listeningisjustasasspeakinginlanguagelearning.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportant2.Doyouhavetosayforourtravel?A.elseanythingB.anythingelseC.elsesomethingD.somethingelse3.Birdsdiedbecauseofpollution.A.TwomillionsB.MillionsofC.MillionofD.Twomillionsof4.Therestillsomemilkinthefridge.Youdon’tneedtogotothestoretoday.A.amB.isC.areD.be5.Whatafineday!Let’sgoawalk..A.forC.outD.in6.Thepooroldmanaweekago.A.deadB.deathC.diesD.died7.Don’tlookthewindowsinclass,wemustlistentotheteachercarefully.A.outofB.outC.intoD.up8.ThePLAman(解放軍)savedthreelivesintheaccident.A.children’sB.childrenC.childD.childs’9.--Doyouhavepencils?--No,Ihavepens.A.some;anyB.any;someC.some;someD.any;any10.NobodymeEnglish.Ihavetolearnitbymyself.A.teachB.teachesC.teachingD.toteachII.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。It’suseful（learn）aforeignlanguage.Canyouhelpme（carry）thebox,Lily?Remember（write）tomewhenyougettoBeijing.Ineedsome(potato).Doyouneedsome?Abouttwo（million）peoplelistenedtotheprogram.III.完形填空Charles

Dickens,

one

of

the

greatest

English

writers

1

born

in

1812,

in

one

of

the

small