Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步練習(xí)A級(jí):基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞havethis(theoretical)thatmostpeoplepreferbeingatworktobeingathome.答案:theoryisgenerallyacceptedthatsmokingis(harm)toourhealth.答案:harmful3.(fundament),therearetwodifferentapproachestotheproblem.答案:Fundamentallyheldthebaby(gentle).答案:gentlyproblemshave(multiply)sincelastyear.答案:multipliedisavery(religion)personwhogoestochurcheverySunday.答案:religiouskindofplantshasbeenin(exist)formillionsofyears.答案:existence’vebeen(puzzle)overallthefigures,tryingtofindwhathappenedtothemissingmoney.答案:puzzlingliveina(globe)village,butthisdoesn’tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.答案:globalnightwehadadiscussion,whichbecamemoreandmore.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneverusewhateverhappens.(violent)答案:violent;violenceⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)’llsucceedontimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.答案:on→inyouknowwhentheMarriageLawcameintoanexistence?答案:去掉anourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon’tlearntodependourselves.答案:depend后加onrecognizedthepossibilityandtookstepstopreventithappened.答案:happened→happeningpeoplewouldliketocheeruptheirfavoriteplayers.答案:up→onB級(jí):能力提升Ⅲ.閱讀理解閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheFourBasicPersonalityTypesPersonalitytypesarelinkedwithstructuraldifferencesinthebrain,whichcouldexplainwhyonechildgrowsuptobeimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)andoutgoingwhileanotherbecomesdiligentandintrospective(反省的).Structuraldifferencesbetweenthebrainsof85peoplehavebeenmeasuredandlinkedwiththefourmaincategoriesofpersonalitytypes,whichwereclassifiedas“noveltyseeking”,characterizedbyimpulsiveactions;“harmavoidance”,markedbypessimismandshyness;“rewarddependence”,withanaddictivepersonality;and“persistence”,whoarepeopletendingtobediligent,hard-workingandperfectionists.Theresearcherssaidthebraindifferencesarestructuralandcanbemeasuredinthesizeofspecificregionsofthebrainthatappeartobelinkedwitheachofthefourpersonalityinstance,peopledefinedasnovelty-seekingpersonalitieshadastructurallybiggerareainthebrainwhilepeoplewithharm-avoidancepersonalitieshadsignificantlysmallervolumesoftissueinbrainregions.Thefactthatcharacteristicsarereflectedinspecificstructuraldifferencesisusefultoknow,forinstance,whenitcomestounderstandingachild’sbehaviorandchoosingtherightapproachsothatsomebodywhois,forexample,particularlytimid,mightbehelpedthrougheducationanddevelopment.Thereisnopointshoutingatachildwhoisveryshyandtellingthemoff,becauseitdoesnotcomenaturallytothemtoputthemselvesactuallyknowingthereisabiologicalbasisforthishelpseducatorsorparentstousetherightapproachtohelpachildtocompensate.Peoplewhohaveareward-dependencepersonalitycould,forexample,behelpedatanearlyagebecausetheyareatriskofturningtodrink,drugsorfoodiftheydonotgetthefamilysupportandencouragementtheyneed.“Thisstudyshowsthatpersonalitycharacteristicsaresomethingyouarebornwith,buttheirfullexpressioncanbeadjustedduringdevelopmentwiththerightapproach,”saidProfessorVenneri,whocarriedoutthestudywithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofParmainItalyandWashingtonUniversityinStLouis.Ifyouknowit’snotsomethingyoudobutsomethingyouare,youcanchangetheenvironmenttoreducethethatsomeonehassuchacharactercouldhelpthemadoptpreventivestrategiesandavoidsituationswheretheymightseekrewardswhichcouldbepotentiallyharmful.typeofpersonmayturnouttobedrug-abusers?A.“Noveltyseeking”.B.“Rewarddependence”.C.“Harmavoidance”.D.“Persistence”.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的“Peoplewhohaveareward-dependencepersonalitycould...”可知B項(xiàng)為正確答案,其余三項(xiàng)不符合文章事實(shí),故排除。答案:BofthefollowingisTRUEaboutshypeople?areoftenshoutedatandscolded.cannaturallyputthemselvesforward.structurallyhaveasmallerbrainregion.aretootimidtobeeducatedandhelped.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段最后一句中的“...peoplewithharm-avoidancepersonalitieshadsignificantlysmallervolumesoftissueinbrainregions.”可知harm-avoidancepersonalities型人腦容量小。又根據(jù)第二段中的“...‘harmavoidance’,markedbypessimismandshyness...”可知C項(xiàng)是正確的。A、B兩項(xiàng)不符合事實(shí),故排除。由倒數(shù)第四段中的“...helpseducatorsorparentstousetherightapproachtohelpachildtocompensate.”可知,此種性格的人也是可以教育和彌補(bǔ)的,因此D項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。答案:C’sthemainideaofthepassage?havechancestochangetheirpersonalitytypes.haveidentifiedfourdifferentpersonalitytypes.differencesinthebrainhaveeffectsoneducation.typesarerelatedtostructuraldifferencesinthebrain.解析:主旨大意題。A和C項(xiàng)均屬于無(wú)中生有,文章中沒(méi)有這樣說(shuō)過(guò)。B項(xiàng)敘述太片面,非文章主題。本文討論的主題是人的性格類型的生理原因,用了大量的篇幅和例子來(lái)分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題,因此D項(xiàng)是文章的主旨。答案:Dauthorwritesthepassageto.afactaclaimaresearchanapproach解析:推理判斷題。本文通篇都只是在用客觀的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)介紹一種研究結(jié)果,給讀者呈現(xiàn)出一種新的認(rèn)知事實(shí),因此選A項(xiàng)符合作者的意圖。文章里沒(méi)有有意與誰(shuí)爭(zhēng)論什么,故排除B項(xiàng)。也沒(méi)有用大量例子來(lái)證明自己的研究如何正確,故排除C項(xiàng)。更沒(méi)有主觀地介紹一種方法來(lái)指導(dǎo)讀者,故排除D項(xiàng)。答案:ABHomestayprovidesEnglishlanguagestudentswiththeopportunitytospeakEnglishoutsidetheclassroomandtheexperienceofbeingpartofaBritishhome.WhattoExpectThehostwillprovideaccommodationandwillbecleanedandbedcoverschangedatleastonceawillbegiventhehousekeyandthehostistheretoofferhelpandadviceaswellastotakeaninterestinyourphysicalandmentalhealth.AccommodationZonesHomestayislocatedinLondonmainlyinZones2,3and4ofthetransporthostsdonotliveinthetowncenterasmuchofcentralLondoniscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).Zones3and4oftenofferlargeraccommodationinalesscrowdedisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyUnderground.MealPlansAvailable

ContinentalBreakfast

BreakfastandDinner

Breakfast,PackedLunchandDinnerIt’simportanttonotethatfewEnglishfamiliesstillprovideatraditionalcookedaccommodationincludesContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice,cereal(谷物類食品),breadandteaor,fruitandcoldmeatarenotnormallypartofaContinentalBreakfastinusuallyconsistofmeatorfishwithvegetablesfollowedbydessert,fruitandcoffee.FriendsIfyouwishtoinviteafriendovertovisit,youmustfirstaskyourhost’shavenorighttoentertainfriendsinafamilyhomeassomefamiliesfeelitisaninvasionoftheirprivacy.Self-CateringAccommodationinPrivateHomesAccommodationonaroom-onlybasisincludessharedkitchenandbathroomfacilitiesandoftenamainlivingkindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestyleandismoresuitableforthelong-stay,itdoesnotprovidethesamefamilyatmosphereasanordinaryhomestayandmaynotbenefitthosewhoneedtopracticeEnglishathomequiteasmuch.passageisprobablywrittenfor.willingtoreceiveforeignstudentshopingtobuildBritishcultureplanningtovisitfamiliesinLondonlearnersapplyingtoliveinEnglishhomes解析:推理判斷題。由第一句中的“Englishlanguagestudents”提示,加上后面的內(nèi)容可知,這是一則面向想學(xué)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生的招生廣告,因此選D項(xiàng)。其余三項(xiàng)都是主觀臆斷,沒(méi)有事實(shí)依據(jù),故排除。答案:Dofthefollowingwillthehostprovide?cleaning. care.transport. training.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Roomswillbecleaned”可知A項(xiàng)正確。其余選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有事實(shí)依據(jù),故排除。答案:AcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?4ismorecrowdedthanZone2.businesscenterofLondonisinZhecitycenterisnotprovided.解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句話“Homestayislocatedin...iscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).”可推斷出倫敦的2、3、4區(qū)相對(duì)于1區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)是居住區(qū),反推1區(qū)應(yīng)是文中所指的倫敦中心的商業(yè)區(qū)。答案:Btothepassage,whatdoesContinentalBreakfastinclude?andcoffee.andvegetables.andfruitjuice.andcoldmeat.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的“ContinentalBrea