〔京津魯瓊專用〕2022版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題五書面表達(dá)層級(jí)三第三講概要寫作教案PAGE68-第三講概要寫作考點(diǎn)考查工程2022.62022.112022.62022.112022.6概要寫作語篇類型議論文說明文輪空輪空輪空主題語境人與社會(huì)人與自我主題內(nèi)容表揚(yáng)孩子的方式參觀即將報(bào)考的大學(xué)考查方式提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要概要寫作是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的溝通橋梁。概要寫作考查的是考生在實(shí)現(xiàn)自由的思維表達(dá)之前，對(duì)他人的信息在充分理解的根底上進(jìn)行大意表達(dá)的能力。一、題型特點(diǎn)1．概要寫作是讀寫結(jié)合的題型，既考查考生理解文章主旨和段落中心的能力，又考查考生用正確的語法形式、適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言表達(dá)主旨的能力。2．概要寫作一般以自然段為根底概括要點(diǎn)。有些段落有主題句，考生需要對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行改寫和調(diào)整；有些段落沒有明顯的主題句，考生需要自己歸納要點(diǎn)。二、選材特點(diǎn)概要寫作的原文一般是議論文和說明文。文章結(jié)構(gòu)比擬清楚。三、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1．此題總分為25分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。2．評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。3．詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。4．評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)主要從以下四個(gè)方面考慮：◆對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；◆應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；◆上下文的連貫性；◆對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況。5．拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)重要方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。6．如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。各檔次的給分范圍和要求檔次要求第五檔(21—25分)理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)；能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；完全使用自己的語言第四檔(16－20分)理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋絕大局部要點(diǎn)；所使用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯雖有些錯(cuò)誤，但完全不影響意義的表達(dá)；比擬有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；有個(gè)別整句抄自原文第三檔(11－15分)理解較為準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋大局部要點(diǎn)；所使用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯雖有些錯(cuò)誤，但不影響意義的表達(dá)；使用簡單的語句間的連接成分，使上下文內(nèi)容連貫；出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文的現(xiàn)象第二檔(6－10分)理解有誤差，僅涵蓋半數(shù)要點(diǎn)；有些語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了意義的表達(dá)；較少使用語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容缺失連貫性；出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文的現(xiàn)象第一檔(1－5分)沒有理解原文，造成概要內(nèi)容與原文主題不符；有較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，嚴(yán)重影響了意義的表達(dá)；缺乏語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容不連貫；多個(gè)句子抄自原文0分白卷、內(nèi)容太少無法判斷或所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)[典例]閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Dietershavelongswornthatgrapefruithelpspeopleloseweight.TheGrapefruitDiet，alsocalledtheHollywoodDiet，datesbacktothe1930sandhasahostofcelebrityfansincludingsingerKylieMinogue.Itinvolveshavinggrapefruitorgrapefruitjuicewitheverymealwhilecuttingbackoncalories.Now,scientistsarebeginningtobelievethem.Astudyhasfoundthatdrinkinggrapefruitjuicewheneatingfattyfoodlowerstheamountofweightputonbyuptoafifth.Theresearchalsosuggestedthatgrapefruitcouldbeasgoodasprescriptiondrugsatkeepingbloodsugarlevelsundercontrol—akeypartofmanagingdiabetes(糖尿病)．Theexperimentswereconductedonmice—butresearcherssaytheresultsjustifystudiesonhumans.ProfessorJosephNapoli,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,said,“Weseeallsortsofscamsaboutnutrition.Buttheseresults,basedoncontrolledexperiments,warrant(需要)furtherstudyofthepotentialhealth—promotingpropertiesofgrapefruitjuice.〞Theresearchersfoundthatwhenthemicewerefedfattyfoodforthreemonths,thosegivengrapefruitjuicetodrinkgainedupto18percentlessweightthanthosegivenwater.Theyalsohadlowerbloodsugarandinsulin(胰島素)levels—despiteeatingthesamenumberofcaloriesanddoingthesameamountofexerciseasthemicewhodrankwater.Infact,grapefruitjuicewasasgoodatcontrollinginsulinasthewidelyuseddiabetesdrugmetformin(二甲雙胍),thejournalPLOSONEreports.However,thefruitjuiceonlyhadaneffectonweightwhentheanimalsatefattyfood.Theresearcherssaidtheydidnotknowhowgrapefruitstopsthepoundsfrompilingon.SpokesmanMarietteAbrahams,adietician,saiduntilthenitistooearlyforpeopletotrygrapefruitdiets.“Grapefruitshouldbepartofahealthybalanceddiet，butitshouldn’tbethefocusofthediet，〞shesaid.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________eq\a\vs4\al([寫作指導(dǎo)])本文是一篇科普類說明文，主要介紹了葡萄柚的減肥成效。第一段介紹了葡萄柚用于減肥的歷史背景；第二至七段的內(nèi)容是：研究說明，葡萄柚對(duì)人的身體健康有很多好處；第八段介紹了葡萄柚汁減肥的局限性；最后一段對(duì)葡萄柚飲食提出了不同的意見?？忌谧鞔饡r(shí)，應(yīng)注意條理清晰，防止混亂性語句；語言簡潔，要點(diǎn)全面，可將原文中涉及的人名、地名等非重要信息忽略，以節(jié)約詞數(shù)。另外，考生在作答時(shí)應(yīng)注意語言的準(zhǔn)確性和語句間的銜接性。eq\a\vs4\al([參考范文])DietersthinkgrapefruitjuicehelpsloseweightandtheGrapefruitDietortheHollywoodDietwasapopularwayoflosingweightinthe1930s.(要點(diǎn)1)Theexperimentsconductedonmice,whichcanalsoapplytohumans,showthatgrapefruitjuicebenefitsthelossofweightandthecontrolofbloodsugarandinsulinlevels.(要點(diǎn)2)However,thefruitonlytakeseffectwhentheanimalseatfattyfood.(要點(diǎn)3)Theoppositeviewdoesn’tthinkeatinggrapefruitcanbethefocusofthediet.(要點(diǎn)4)一、解題步驟1．解讀文本，提取關(guān)鍵詞概要寫作就是濃縮文章的一個(gè)過程，首先要解讀文本，并且要遵循整體閱讀的閱讀原那么，把握文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)，然后提取關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞的提取在概要寫作中發(fā)揮著重要的作用，因此要盡可能保證其準(zhǔn)確性。如果關(guān)鍵詞提取把握不準(zhǔn)，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致一步錯(cuò)即步步錯(cuò)。首先將文章中的銜接詞標(biāo)注出來，并且對(duì)文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行梳理。(1)語篇中并不是每一個(gè)段落都有主題句，因此不能有依賴主題句而去找主題句的意識(shí)，有些段落沒有主題句，就應(yīng)當(dāng)尋找關(guān)鍵詞。(2)即使語篇段落中有主題句，而且主題句很明顯，但是主題句的替換難度比關(guān)鍵詞的替換難度要大，因此，如果對(duì)主題句有過度的依賴，思維方面會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重的限制。(3)從主題句中提取出來的關(guān)鍵詞，經(jīng)過復(fù)原之后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)復(fù)原后的要點(diǎn)在表述和覆蓋上面欠缺完整性?；诖祟愒?，我們要對(duì)語篇關(guān)鍵詞和主題句的提取加以重視，從以下兩個(gè)方面著手：①直接提取。有些文本中主題句很明顯，而且對(duì)于目標(biāo)和要點(diǎn)也進(jìn)行了精準(zhǔn)的概括，這時(shí)候就可以采取直接提取法，從主題句中提取關(guān)鍵詞。如北京卷的：Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB．C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplain(抱怨)abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.“Thephenomenonof...andwebsitesdo.〞這一段就將整篇文章的目標(biāo)要點(diǎn)詳細(xì)概述出主題句是開頭的第一句即“Thephenomenonof...forages.〞我們可以直接從這一句中提取關(guān)鍵詞，如“forages〞和“trackingcelebrities〞，除此之外，還要提取語篇當(dāng)中的銜接詞，如“inthe4thcentury〞，“the1920sand1930s〞等，這些詞將下文中的時(shí)間信息精準(zhǔn)概括起來，利用這些關(guān)鍵詞，可以有效復(fù)原原文的脈絡(luò)。②間接整合。如果語篇中沒有明顯的主題句，而且關(guān)鍵詞也不集中，在文本結(jié)構(gòu)中比擬分散，這個(gè)時(shí)候，可以篩選段落中的關(guān)鍵詞并進(jìn)行整合。如四川卷中的Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractions(互動(dòng))suchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.這一局部中有很多重要的關(guān)鍵詞，但是沒有主題句子，即使有較多的銜接詞如“but〞，“generally〞也并未有多大的作用，這時(shí)候就應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)行間接整合，提取這一局部中的關(guān)鍵詞，如“isletout〞，“socialinteractions〞以及“negative〞等。2．?dāng)U詞成句擴(kuò)詞成句是概要寫作的最根本要求，在這個(gè)過程中，我們應(yīng)用推理對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞和主題句進(jìn)行反復(fù)的推敲，爭取復(fù)原的要點(diǎn)與原文的要點(diǎn)守恒，既不多也不少。一般復(fù)原包含兩個(gè)局部，一是簡單句，二是復(fù)合句。簡單句可以利用同義詞替換，即在提取關(guān)鍵詞之后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行簡單的擴(kuò)充，將關(guān)鍵詞變成簡單的句子，這樣不僅保證表達(dá)的要點(diǎn)不變，還使替換后的語篇在句子表達(dá)上面更加豐富。對(duì)于復(fù)合句，在關(guān)鍵詞擴(kuò)充成句的根底上再用一些適宜的連接詞進(jìn)行連接，既豐富了句子的表達(dá)形式，又保證了句子的結(jié)構(gòu)連貫、完整。3．增添色彩，使語篇更加豐富提取關(guān)鍵詞并對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行擴(kuò)詞組句之后，接下來就要將這些句子自然銜接起來，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)和諧。通過增加連接詞、采用連接句以及應(yīng)用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等方式，突出文章的要點(diǎn)，使文章讀起來流暢。二、解題流程1．細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀所給短文，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。2．弄清要求。概要寫作是寫全文的概要，不是寫某一局部的概要，也不是單就某些問題寫出要點(diǎn)。3．列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此根底上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的局部。4．動(dòng)筆前五定：(1)定體裁：通過閱讀原文確定寫作體裁。(2)定主題：根據(jù)原文中的內(nèi)容確定文章的主題。(3)定時(shí)態(tài)：如果材料是過去時(shí)，那么根本時(shí)態(tài)用過去時(shí)；如果材料是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，那么根本時(shí)態(tài)就用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(4)定人稱：一般情況下用第三人稱寫作。特殊情況，如書信可用第一、第二人稱。(5)定技巧：結(jié)合相關(guān)技巧，重新組句。eq\a\vs4\al()牢記詞數(shù)要求，使用地道表達(dá)。明確寫作詞數(shù)的上下限、采用高級(jí)或精簡句式濃縮多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)于一句中，高度概括所給文章內(nèi)容。弄清寫作任務(wù)中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)，準(zhǔn)確、地道地表達(dá)，充分展示語言的表現(xiàn)力。(1)概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。根本上就是段落大意。每段一句話概括或者兩段一個(gè)大意，最多用兩句話概括。(3)注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫穿全文，切忌只簡單地羅列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。每句話要表意明白，無空泛、籠統(tǒng)、含混之詞。(4)不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。(5)計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。以40－80詞為宜。(6)概要寫作中的三忌：忌照抄原文；忌私加觀點(diǎn)；忌不符字?jǐn)?shù)。三、高分技巧四、常用方法1．同義替換法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.→Ididn’tcatchanyfishbecauseIwasnotpatient.2．正反法Youwillfail.→Youwillnot__succeed．3．詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Patienceisveryimportant.→Patienceisof__great__importance．4．句式變換法語態(tài)變換：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.→Childrenshouldbe__givenmorepraise.簡單句變復(fù)合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.→Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,whichwillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.→Whengivenmorepraise,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.5．連詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragestudents.Weshouldnotscoldthem.→Weshouldencouragestudentsinsteadofscoldingthem.eq\a\vs4\al()巧設(shè)加分點(diǎn)，想方法為作文加分(1)多使用各種連詞，使文章更為連貫。順接、遞進(jìn)：firstly/secondly/thirdly,besides,inaddition,what’smore,what’sworse,what’smoreimportant,moreover,also,finally,lastbutnotleast轉(zhuǎn)折：but,however,nevertheless,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,while原因：because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto結(jié)果：so,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,so...that,such...that總結(jié)：tosumup,toconclude,inconclusion,insummary,inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking(2)多使用高級(jí)詞匯、句式和短語進(jìn)行變換，不要重復(fù)使用一個(gè)句式和短語。同時(shí)要注意防止常見錯(cuò)誤：不要為了減少句數(shù)而不斷使用逗號(hào)，可以通過從句、連詞、非謂語等來減少句數(shù)。如：Itwasraininghard,sotheycouldnotworkinthefields.6．詞序改變法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience.→Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.7．細(xì)節(jié)省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.→Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.8．句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.→MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.五、寫作模板1．記敘文概要寫作模板點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：Thewritertellsus...(主題)byshowingusanexampleof...,who/which...(故事情節(jié))作者經(jīng)歷類：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth.,which...他人經(jīng)歷類：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.’sexperienceofdoingsth...2．議論文概要寫作模板Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn’t...(主題)．..(補(bǔ)充論據(jù))Thepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsth...Theauthorarguesthat...3．說明文概要寫作模板現(xiàn)象解釋類：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主題),which...(補(bǔ)充解釋)利弊比照類：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...,butitmayalso...研究顯示類：Thestudyrevealsthat...Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...(2022·浙江卷6月)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.〞Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal，〞saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.〞Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Howtopraiseourkidsisreallyasensitiveproblem.Expertsbelievethattoomuchpraiseorpraisingthekidsinawrongwaymayhaveoppositeeffectsonchildren.(要點(diǎn)1)Ontheotherhand,nopraisealsodoesharmtokids’development.(要點(diǎn)2)Togainthebestresult,ourpraiseshouldfocusontheprocessratherthantheendproduct.(要點(diǎn)3)Therefore,whatweshouldpraiseisourkids’propereffort,regardlessoftheresult.(要點(diǎn)4)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Inschoolsandathome，mostofushavebeenscoldedorevengotpunishedfordaydreaming.Themajorityofpeoplesaythatbydaydreamingwewasteourtimeandenergyinsomethingthatisnothinglessthanunproductivethings.Butmanymedicalstudieshaveshowedsomethingdifferent.They’vestressedonthefactthatdaydreamingworkswondersonourimaginationpower，creativityandsituation-handlingtechnique.Infact，manyproblemscanbeeasilysolvedifwedaydream.Thetopmostbenefitofdaydreamingisthatyourmoodgetstherightimprovement.Byseparatingyourselffromtheworldaroundyou，youtendtoenjoythealonenessinyourmindandgetpeacefromdaydreamingasyouthinkaboutsomethingthatcalmsyoursenses.Whenyoustartimaginingthingswhiledaydreaming，youtendtoforgetallthestressandtension.Instead，yougethappinessfromitandthishappinesschangesintoasourceofenergythathelpsyouworkinagoodmood.Manypsychologistshavesaidthatpeoplewhodaydreamtendtohaveasharpermemory.It’struethatwhenyou’redaydreaming，youtendtogetcarriedawaytoimaginingvarioussituations，eitherrealorunreal.Youtendtoactdifferentlyindifferentsituations，tryingtosatisfyyourmindbydoingwhatyouwantinyourdreams.Whenyourmindgetssatisfied，you’reinabetterpositiontoconcentratemoreonyourwork.Sincedaydreamingactivatesthenervesofyourbrain，youtendtohavehigherattentivenessandyourabilitytorememberthingsdevelop.Whenyoudaydream，youautomaticallyimagineyourselfasyourheartsaysandtherefore，yougettoknowyourselfbetter.Youalsostartrealizingthemistakesyou’vemadeinlifeandyoustarttryingyourbesttoavoidrepeatingthem.Suchimaginationtechniqueshelpyoutoconnectyourselfwithyoursoul.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Mostpeopleregarddaydreamingasawasteoftimeandenergy.(要點(diǎn)1)However，that’snotthecase.Manymedicalstudieshavefoundthatdaydreaminghasalotofbenefits.(要點(diǎn)2)Firstofall，daydreamingcanimproveyourmood.(要點(diǎn)3)What’smore，ithelpsdevelopyourmemory.(要點(diǎn)4)Lastbutnotleast，daydreaminghelpsyoutoknowyourselfbetter.(要點(diǎn)5)概要寫作(一)(建議用時(shí)：每篇25分鐘)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ifyou’reanythinglikeus,itseemsthatyourstomachstartstogrumbleassoonasMcDonald’sgoldenarchescomeintoview.Thereasonbehindthatisn’tthemouthwateringtasteoftheirdeliciousfries—thisishowtheygetthemtotastesogoodbytheway—it’sactuallypsychological,andithastodowiththecolorsoftheirlogo.Thecolorsredandyellowwerechosenforaspecificreason—andno,itwasn’tbecausetheylookednicewithRonaldMcDonald’sclown-likeface.Itactuallyhastodowithscience.Thecolorredisstimulatingandisassociatedwithbeingactive.Italsoincreasesheartrate,whichhelpstojump-startyourappetite.Thecoloryellowisassociatedwithhappinessandisthemostvisiblecolorindaylight,sothat’swhyaMcDonald’ssignissoeasytospotonacrowdedroad.Thebrainprocessescolorbeforeitprocesseswordsorshapes,sothat’swhythefast-foodchainchosethesetwocolorsfortheirlogoandbrand.Redandyellowmakesyouhungry,encouragingyoutowanttobuytheproducttheysell,whilealsomakingyoufeelhappy.McDonald’shasstartedtousethiscolorphilosophytoinfluenceandchangethewaypeoplecurrentlythinkabouttheirbrandaswell.Manyfranchiseshavestartedtoincorporatemoreofthecolorgreenintotheirstorefrontsandinteriordesignbecauseit’sassociatedwithnatureandbeingenvironmentallyfriendly,somethingMcDonald’shasbeencriticizedfornotbeinginthepast.Thecompanyhasbeenworkingtobecomegreenerbyusingenvironmentallyfriendlyrefrigerationandconvertingusedoilintobiodieselfuel.So,nexttimeyoupassaMcDonald’s,don’tbesurprisedifyoufinditreallyhardtoresistgoinginandgettingaburgerandcoke.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Thereasonwhypeoplecan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’sispsychologicallyconnectedwithcolorsofthelogo.(要點(diǎn)1)Yellowandredarechosentohelpincreasepeople’sappetiteandmakethestoresigneasytospot.(要點(diǎn)2)Anotherreasonisthatthehumanbrainprocessescolorbeforewordsorshapes.(要點(diǎn)3)NowadaysMcDonald’stakeadvantageofthecolorphilosophytobecomemoreenvironmentallybyincorporatingmoreofthecolorgreenintotheirstoredesign.(要點(diǎn)4)B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。What’sinteractivelearning?Onlineclassesareexamplesofextremeinteractivelearningbutalmostanytimeacomputerenterstheacademicspace,theresultinglessonscanbesaidtobeinteractive.Whenmodernacademicstalkaboutinteractivityintheclassroom,theyarealmostalwaystalkingabouttechnologyandusuallymeantheInternet.Sowecansayinteractivelearningisasortofacademicplan.Computertechnologymustbeappliedtotheplan.Anditsaimistostressorteachspecificmaterial.Eversincecomputershaveplayedabigroleintheworld,educatorshavebeentryingtocombinetechnologyintotheclassroom.Interactivelearningdependsoncomputerusebutit’susuallyfarmorethansimplecomputereducationlikelearningtotypeandtolocateresourcesonline.Mostofthetime,interactivityisaboutthecombinationofcomputersintoregularlessons.Educationalgamesareagoodexample.Studentswhoplaygamesabouteducationcanstrengthentheirclassroomlearning.Manyeducatorsbelievethatstudentsareabletolearnbetterbyvaryingthewaysinwhichinformationisdelivered.Oneofthebiggestargumentsofeducatorsinfavorofinteractivelearningisthatmostoftoday’sstudentsarealreadysofamiliarwiththeInternetthatintroducingcomputer-basedlearningisoftenextremelyeffectiveatcatchingandholdingtheirattention.Moreyoungpeoplethaneverbeforeturntocomputertechnologyforhelpinmanyareas.Manyeducatorssaythatapplyingthealready-familiartechnologytoclassroomscanhelpstudentsbecomemoreactiveinthelearning.Interactivelearningisgenerallyseenastheoppositeofpassivelearning,whichdependsonobservation.Studentstypicallyneedacombinationofpassiveandactivelearninginordertomasterconcepts.Ifeverythingisinteractive,studentsruntheriskofbeingover-stimulatedorlosingtrackofthemaingoals.Ifteachingisentirelypassive,however,studentsmayfindtheirinterestandfocusdeclining.Teachersneedtostrikeabalancebetweenpassivelearningtechniqueslikelecturinginnewandoftenunexpectedsettingsdesignedbythecomputertechnology.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Interactivelearningisakindofacademicplanwherecomputersareusedtoteachparticularmaterial.(要點(diǎn)1)Accordingtomanyeducators,theintegrationofcomputersintoclassescanhelpstudentstolearnbetter.(要點(diǎn)2)Theybelievethatinteractivelearningcaneffectivelykeepstudentsfocusedandactive.(要點(diǎn)3)Actually,teachersshouldbalanceinteractiveandpassivelearning,forbothofthemareneededtopromotestudents’learning.(要點(diǎn)4)C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Sometimes,wewishwecouldstoptheclockandgobackintime.Well,twiceayear,countriesintheEuropeanUnion(EU)andmoststatesintheUnitedStatesactually“changethetime〞themselves.Eachspring,theyputtheirclocksforwardanhourandinthefall,clocksareturnedanhourback.ThisisknownasDaylightSavingTime(DST)．ThepracticefirstbecamewidespreadduringWorldWarⅠ.Atthattime,artificiallightingwasexpensiveandhavinganextrahourofdaylightwasbelievedtohelpreducethecostofrunningsuchlighting.However,aboutacenturylater,thisoldpracticemaybecomeathingofthepast.StartinginOctober2022,theEUwillendthepracticeofDST,reportedBloomberg.ThedecisioncameafterasurveypublishedbytheEuropeanCommissioninAugustshowedthatabout85percentofthe4.6millionEUcitizenswantedtoendDST.It’sbelievedthatDST’soriginalfunctionofsavingenergyisnowuseless.“Newerstudiesshowthattheenergysavingsnowadaysaremarginal(不重要的)，〞EuropeanCommissionVice-PresidentMarosSefcovictoldtheReuters.Weareclearlyheadingtowardsmartcities,smartbuildingsandsmartsolutions,whichwillbringmuchmoresavingsthanchangesoftheclock.Meanwhile,itwasfoundthatDSTcouldactuallyhavebadinfluencesonpeople’shealth.PolishlawmakerBronislawKarasektoldTheWashingtonPostthatDSTcouldcause“imbalanceinthebodyclock,leadingtomoodchanges,troublewithsleeping,andanincreasedriskofheartattacks〞.“Ourbodieschangeradicallyoverthecourseofadaybasedonhowmuchlightweseeandhowmuchsleepweget.Evenanhour’sshiftinresttimeanddaylighthoursscrewseverythingupslightly，〞accordingtoPopularScience.However,DSTisn’tcompletelywithoutitsbenefits.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,withDST,peoplecouldhaveanextrahourofactivitiesoutdoorsduringthespringandsummer.WhileDSTwillcometoanendintheEU,itisn’tgoingtodisappearforgood,asmanycountrieswillkeepitinuse.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：TheEUisplanningtoputanendtoDaylightSavingTime.(要點(diǎn)1)Asameansofdecreasinglightingcosts,DaylightSavingTimebecamepopularinWorldWarⅠandisbeingperformedinmanyplaces.(要點(diǎn)2)Butnowtherearebetterwaystosaveenergy.(要點(diǎn)3)Besides,it’ssaidthatitmaybeharmfultohealth.(要點(diǎn)4)Nevertheless,itwillcontinuetoexistinotherplacesasitdoesprovidesomebenefits.(要點(diǎn)5)D閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。In1971,China’sfirstsubwaylineinBeijingwasformallyputintooperation.ByDecember2022,therewere171subwaylinesstretchingover5，083kmin35citiesontheChinesemainland.Currently,Chinahasthelongesturbanrailwaynetworkintheworld,whichispredictedtosurpass6，000kmby2022.TherapiddevelopmentofChina’surbanrailwaysystemreflectsthecountry’sgrowingeconomicstrength.Thesystemhasexperiencedthefastestgrowthoverthepast15yearsduetotheinvestmentofwealthaccumulatedfromthereformandopeningupinurbaninfrastructureconstruction.Anurbanrailwaysystemisexpensivetobuild,withonekilometerofsubwaycostingapproximately700millionyuan($110million)．Acitywithouteconomicstrengthcannotdevelopsuchanexpensivesystem.Theprogressinurbanrailwayconstructiontechnologieshasalsocontributedtothefastexpansionoftheinfrastructure.Subwayconstructioninvolvesbuildingundergroundtunnels,layingrails,manufacturingtrainsandtheoperationandmanagementofsubways.Itisasystematicprojectwhichnotonlycoverstraditionalinfrastructurebuildingbutalsomodernelectronicsandinformationtechnology.China’srailwayconstructiontechnologiesarethebestintheworld,withChinesesubwaytrainsnowexportedtodevelopedcountriesincludingtheUnitedStates.TheexpansionofChinesecitieshasmadeitnecessarytodevelopurbanrailwaysystems.Sincethestartofthereformandopeningup,alargenumberofpeoplehavemigratedtocitiesandthenumberofprivatecarshasincreaseddramatically,resultinginserioustrafficcongestion.Buildingsubwayshasbecomeanimportantwaytosolvethisproblem.Thisyearmarksthe41thanniversaryofthelaunchofChina’sreformandopeningup,andtherapiddevelopmentofChina’surbanrailwaysystemexemplifiestheachievementsmadebythepolicy.AsChinafurthersitsopeningup,itwillcontinuetomaintainsteadyandrapideconomicgrowth,andrailwaysystemswillbeavailableinmoreandmorecities.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：ThepastfewdecadeshaswitnessedthefastdevelopmentofChineseurbanrailwaysbothinnumberandlength,whichisareflectionofChina’sprosperouseconomy.(要點(diǎn)1)Actuall