入學(xué)考試英第一部分USEOFSectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybeinligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreinligentthantheothers,hutexinstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheinlectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheinligenceanddiseasesareintimay18.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs. [C]cost 15.[A]given[D]put [B]integrated 文章首段句敘述到Theideathatsomepeoplemaybemoreinligentthanothersisoneof.本文的中心思想為本文的中心思想為本文的中心思想為本本文的中心思想為一些人比另一些人聰明的現(xiàn)象以及原因Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybeinligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution. 語意辨析題本題目選擇動(dòng)詞過去分詞形式，構(gòu)成be…to的結(jié)構(gòu)，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。句子敘述到ButGregoryCochran,(anotedscientificiconoclast),is…tosayitanyway.“但是GregoryCochran…無論如何也要說出來?！眕repared準(zhǔn)備obliged被迫符合句子含義C.obliged被迫，“但GregoryCochran被迫無論如何也要說出來”，符合句子含義Dpleased高興，“但GregoryCochran高興無論如何也要說出來”，述到Theideathatsomepeoplemaybemoreinligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.“一些人比另一些人聰明，這一觀點(diǎn)一直是人們不敢明確提出來的假設(shè)。”因此，確定本句子表示準(zhǔn)備說出來。因此，正確答案為B。詞匯辨析題本題目選擇形容詞，在句子中充當(dāng)定語。句子敘述到Heisthat bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently anyinstitution.“他是…的科學(xué)家，他的觀點(diǎn)與其他科學(xué)Aunique獨(dú)一無二的particularspecialrareAwork…短語，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語，句子敘述Heisthatrarebird,ascientistwhoworksindependentlyanyinstitution.“他就是極少數(shù)選項(xiàng)Aof在…with與…in在…against與…institutionA，他就是極少數(shù)的科學(xué)家，在所有Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4 thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]laHehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnotthoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whichruffledmanyscientificfeatherswhenitwasfirstsuggested.“他普及了一種觀點(diǎn)，即某些…沒有選項(xiàng)Asubsequentlypresentlypreviouslylay后來選項(xiàng)D.la 5he,however,mighttrembleatthe ofwhatheisaboutto 邏輯關(guān)系題本題目選擇邏輯關(guān)系詞，體現(xiàn)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。句子敘述到he,howevermighttrembleatthethoughtofwhatheisabouttodo.“但是，…是他自己在想到要做選項(xiàng)AOnly僅僅（表示強(qiáng)調(diào)So因此（表示結(jié)果Even甚至，即使（表示讓步，包含轉(zhuǎn)折意義Hence因而（表示結(jié)果固定搭配題本題目選擇名詞，構(gòu)成atthe…of的搭配，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。句子敘述到Evenhehowevermighttrembleattheofwhatheisabouttodo.但是，即使是他自己在…atthesightof看到atthecostof以…為代價(jià)attheriskof…應(yīng)該是正在做，不符合句子含義；選項(xiàng)Catthecostof以…為代價(jià)，“即使是他自己在以要Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreinligentthantheothers,hutexinstheprocessthathasbroughtthis7.[A]advise[B]suggests[C]s詞匯辨析題本題目選擇動(dòng)詞，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。句子敘述到TogetherwithJasonHardyandHenryHarpending,oftheUniversityofUtah,heispublishing,ina ingeditionoftheJournalofBiosocialScience,apaperwhichnotonly thatonegroupofhumanityismoreinligentthantheothers,butexinstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.“他同兩位科學(xué)家suggestssobjects不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子的主語為“apaper”，賓語為“thatonegroupofhumanityismore ligentthantheothers,butexinstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout”一群人比另一群人才能夠發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，在此不符合句子含義。因此，正確答案為B。Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnatural8.[A]progress D固定搭配題本題目選擇介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)定語，修飾前面的thegroup。ThegroupareaparticularpeopleorganizedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.“…的這些人是于中歐的一個(gè)獨(dú)特民族，整個(gè)過程就是自然選擇?！边x項(xiàng)Ainprogress在…infactinneedinquestion不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，前文提到的一群人比另一群人，這個(gè)固定人群已經(jīng)確定。選項(xiàng)A.inThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheinlectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13. AshkenazimgenerallydowellinIQtests12-15pointsAshkenazim在智商測(cè)試中成績最好，…1215分?！边x項(xiàng)A.attaining獲得（長期努力）;scoringreachingcalculating詞匯辨析題本題目選擇形容詞，在句子中充當(dāng)定語，修飾后面的名詞。句子敘述到scoring12-15pointsabovethevalueof100,Ashkenazim100分的…分多得12分到15分?！边x項(xiàng)Anormalcommonmeanvaluetotal不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，100分是個(gè)參照值，這個(gè)數(shù)字是大多數(shù)人的基本智商數(shù)值。因此，正確答案為C。語意辨析題本題目選擇副詞，在句子中充當(dāng)狀語。句子敘述到AshkenazimgenerallydowellinIQtests,scoring12-15pointsabovethemeanvalueof100,andhavecontributed theinlectualandculturallifeoftheWest,“Ashkenazim在智商測(cè)試中成績最好，比100分的選項(xiàng)A.unconsciously無意識(shí)地； y yunaccountably文化做貢獻(xiàn)”構(gòu)成順接關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A.unconsciously無意識(shí)地,“這個(gè)民族的智商很高卻無意識(shí)為西方學(xué)術(shù)及文化作貢獻(xiàn)”，符合句子含義；選項(xiàng)B.disproportiona 民族對(duì)西方學(xué)術(shù)及文化作貢獻(xiàn)與他們的高智商卻不成比例”，符合句子含義；選項(xiàng)C. fromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.與多數(shù)人相比，他們更容易患一詞匯辨析題本題目選擇名詞，在as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。句子敘述到AshkenazimgenerallydowellinIQtests,scoring12-15pointsabovethemeanvalueof100,andhavecontributeddisproportiona ytothein lectualandculturallifeoftheWest,astheofFreud,EinsteinandMahler,picturedabove, “Ashkenazim在智商測(cè)試中成績最選項(xiàng)AmissionsfortunesinterestscareersD。詞匯辨析題本題目選擇動(dòng)詞，在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)謂語。句子敘述到asthecareersofFreud,EinsteinandMahler,picturedabove,.“成功的弗洛伊德，等著名選項(xiàng)Aaffirmwitnessobserveapprove事實(shí)。因此，正確答案為A。Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16education. 15.[A]given [D]put 邏輯關(guān)系題本題目選擇邏輯關(guān)系詞體現(xiàn)前后兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系句子敘述到Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasTay-Sachsandbreastcancer.Thesefacts, ,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.“此外選項(xiàng)Amoreovertherefore meanwhileC，此外，與多數(shù)人相比，他們更容易患一些惡性的遺傳病，例如。然而以前認(rèn)為這兩者是沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的。tosocialeffects…“前者…于社會(huì)影響。”選擇動(dòng)詞，主語和賓語提供信息決定答案。選項(xiàng)Abegivenupto讓與getover克服（to連用carriedon繼續(xù)（to連用beputdownto項(xiàng)Bgetover克服（to連用）Ccarriedon繼續(xù)（不與to連用Dbeputdownto歸因于，“智商歸因于社會(huì)影詞匯辨析題Theformerhasbeenputdowntosocialeffects,suchasstrongtraditionofeducation.“前者歸因于于社會(huì)影響，例如…教育的優(yōu)良選項(xiàng)AassessingsupervisingadministeringvaluingAassessing評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)教育的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，不符合句子含義；選項(xiàng)BsupervisingCadministering管理，管理教育的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，不符合句子含義；選項(xiàng)D.valuing重視，重視教育的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17ofgenetic ofgeneticisolation.“后者被視為遺傳的…?！边x項(xiàng)Adevelopmentoriginconsequence結(jié)果（asaconsequenceof以…為結(jié)果，由于instrument句子含義；選項(xiàng)B.origin，不能構(gòu)成“asoriginof”的短語，不符合句子含義；選項(xiàng)C.consequence結(jié)果，asaconsequenceof以…為結(jié)果，由于…“后者被認(rèn)為是遺傳的結(jié)不符合句子含義。因此，正確答案為C。Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheinligenceanddiseasesareintimay1818.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven詞匯辨析題本題目選擇動(dòng)詞，在句子中充當(dāng)謂語。句子敘述到DrCochran,however,sthattheinligenceandthediseasesareintimay.“但是，Cochran懷疑智力和疾病是的?！边x項(xiàng)AlinkedintegratedwovencombinedHisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs. 固定搭配題本題目選擇動(dòng)詞，在句子中構(gòu)成固定搭配，充當(dāng)謂語。句子敘述到HisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryoftheAshkenazimhas themtouniqueevolutionarypressures“他的論點(diǎn)是，這些人非同尋常的歷史使他們…某些獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化壓力”。選項(xiàng)Alimited限制（belimitedto短語，被限制在converteddirected不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，A.limited限制（只能構(gòu)成belimitedto短語，被限制在），在句子之中…，“這些“convert…to…”的結(jié)構(gòu)，不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)要求；選項(xiàng)Ddirected導(dǎo)向，“這些人非thattheunusualhistoryoftheAshkenazimhassubjectedthemtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthisstateofaffairs.“他的論點(diǎn)是，這些人非同尋常的歷史使他們屈服選項(xiàng)A.paradoxical相互的；patible不相容的，不協(xié)調(diào)inevitable的 GregoryCochran準(zhǔn)備無論如何也要說出來。他是極少數(shù)獨(dú)立于的科學(xué)家。他普及總體來說，這群人在智商測(cè)試中成績最好，得分100分的平均分1215分，但就如重視教育的濃厚傳統(tǒng)。將后者視為遺傳的結(jié)果。Cochran博士智力和疾病是緊密SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfour.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomesphereofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelodepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychologistatNewYork'sVctcran'sAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthathormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman'sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It'snotnecessarilythatwomendon'tcopeaswell.It'sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's,”sheobserves,“It'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthat ewornfromitmorevisiblyandDrYehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthees.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingswomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicofrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysical .Thekindsof thatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunay,patentsofotherfamilymembers,andtheyendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewearandtearthatoccursfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescapetogotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother:“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.Noteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstresses,Alvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecowithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez'sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoWomenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbyWomenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincowithMenandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwith needextradosesofchemicalstohandlehavelimitedcapacityfortoleratingaremorecapableofavoidingareexposedtomoreAccordingtoparagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendsto domesticandirregularanddurableandtrivialand AlvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingAlvarez'ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdAlvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheStrainofStress:NoWayResponsestoStress:Gender文章首段句是Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelodepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,博士說，“與相Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponsecausingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物的研究均表明Addingtoawoman'sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreased“opportunities”forstress.使女性處于壓力狀態(tài)下的化學(xué)物質(zhì)增多的另一個(gè)原因第四段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是DrYehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthe第五段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.AdelineAlvarez18歲結(jié)婚，生了兒子，但還是決心要把大學(xué)第六段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是Butmostwomentodayarecowithalotofobligations,WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoWomenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbyWomenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincowithMenandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwith該題目作為推斷題，要找到對(duì)應(yīng)段落的句。文章第一段Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomesphereofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelodepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychologistatNewYork'sVctcran'sAdministrationHospital.該段只有兩個(gè)句子，首句Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomesphereofmodernlifewomenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.盡句敘述到Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelodepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,…Yehuda博士bothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthathormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovariesthefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.該段只有兩個(gè)句子，尾句敘述到Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovariesthefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.在幾項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)將處于壓力狀態(tài)下的雌鼠的被摘除，他們產(chǎn)段首句為句。句敘述到Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthathormonessomehowaffectthestressresponsecausingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物的研究均表明在某種程度上影響對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)，在同樣情況下，處于壓力狀態(tài)下的女性比AWomenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.女性在生理bymen.女性仍然由于所造成的壓力，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“與相比，女性面對(duì)是造成的；選項(xiàng)C.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincowithstress.在處理壓力力；選項(xiàng)D.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.當(dāng)面對(duì)壓力時(shí)男在段落中間，必須在轉(zhuǎn)折意義的but,however,surprisingly,virtually,indeed,infact,yet或，， 選項(xiàng)A.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.婦女應(yīng)對(duì)壓力時(shí)需要的藥品havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.areexposedtomorestress.婦女在壓力中該題目作為細(xì)節(jié)題，要用定位詞在文章中定位。帶著“Yehuda”粗略定位在文章第三段，利用定位詞“women”精確定位在“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthatthey wornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”婦女忍受壓力的能力甚至遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過，只是她們要受的壓力。選項(xiàng)A.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.婦女應(yīng)對(duì)壓力時(shí)需要更關(guān)信息句中明確“婦女忍受能力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過”；選項(xiàng)C.aremorecapableofavoidingstress.婦女更能夠避免壓力，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“婦女忍受壓力的能力甚至遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過，只是她們要處理如此多的事情，以至于她們的疲憊更容易被看見，而且更快會(huì)發(fā)生”完全相悖，相關(guān)信息句中明確“她們的疲憊更容易被看見，而且更快發(fā)生”；選項(xiàng)D.areexposedtomorestress.在壓力中，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“婦女忍受壓力的能力甚至遠(yuǎn)“同意替換”的關(guān)系。因此，正確答案為D.areexposedtomorestress.在壓力中。細(xì)節(jié)題Accordingtoparagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendsto .irregularandviolent.durableandfrequent.trivialandrandom.該題目作為細(xì)節(jié)題，要用定位詞在文章中定位。利用定位詞“thestresswomenconfront”Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.”我認(rèn)為婦女所的這種壓力趨向于是一種慢性并且重復(fù)的本性。因此，正確答案為C.durableandfrequent.更持久，更頻繁。開。即，who,what,when,where,why,how。解題要點(diǎn)：利用四步法中第一、第二兩個(gè)步驟， Alvarez只關(guān)心賺錢。Alvarez的工資幾乎無法支付日常開銷。Alvarez從不同工作中獲得帳單。AlvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbyAlvarez幾乎所有東西都用支票付帳。匯后面找表示“解釋說明，邏輯關(guān)系”的表達(dá)，或者向前面找平行結(jié)構(gòu)。將“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”定位到第五段AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollegeIstruggledalottogetthecollegedegreeIwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescapetogotoschoolandgetaheadanddobetterLaterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother:It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherentpaythecarpaymentandpaythedebtIlivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.該句子作為careofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.“最的事包括照顧一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子，上班，付，交汽車還有還債。”可見，Alvarez的最大問題是入不敷出。選項(xiàng)A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.Alvarez只關(guān)coveredherhouseholdexpenses. B.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.Alvarez的工資幾乎WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheAStrainofStressNoWayOut?ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference.壓力的反應(yīng)：差異段句是Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelodepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,……Yehuda博士說，“與相是Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthat hormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物的研究均表明在某種程度上影響對(duì)壓力段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是Addingtoawoman'sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areher面對(duì)的機(jī)會(huì)增多。第四段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是DrYehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthees.Yhuda博士還注意到兩性之間的另一個(gè)差異。第五段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinish容方向的語句是Butmostwomentodayarecowithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,and發(fā)現(xiàn),文章敘述的主要內(nèi)容是婦女承受壓力及其原因的問題。因此，正確答案為D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress.（補(bǔ)充：主旨題應(yīng)用中心統(tǒng)一原則效果最為明顯。AdelineAlvarez18歲結(jié)婚，生了兒子，但是決心讀完大學(xué)。“我認(rèn)為獲得大學(xué) Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthor’snamesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger,TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromernment--fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoitismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)wasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byjohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketifestimatedatbetween$7billionand$IIbillion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalpublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threeoneswereidentifiedbythereport'sauthor.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsitelicensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)forthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereoriginationssuchasuniversitiesofinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitlyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthor thebackgroundinformationofjournalthepublicationroutineoflaboratorytherelationsofauthorswithjournalthetraditionalprocessofjournalWhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDItintroducesaneffectivemeansofItupsetsprofit-makingjournalAccordingtothetext.onlinepublicationissignificantin itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificitbringshugeprofitstoscientificitemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificWiththeopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperifrequired coverthecostofitssubscribetothejournalpublishingallowotheronlinejournalstouseitWhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaoftheTheInternetisposingathreattoAnewmodalofpublicationis ethenewchannelforPublicationisrenderedeasierbyonline文章首段句是Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthor’snamesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.過去事情第二段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是Nolonger,TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoney -fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoitismakingaccesstoscientificresults第三段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.知識(shí)價(jià)值以及公Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreportsome多有75%的學(xué)術(shù)期可查閱。推斷題Inthefirstparagraph,theauthor 選項(xiàng)A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.期編輯信息的背景thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告的例行工作therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.作者和期商的關(guān)系thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.傳統(tǒng)的期的程序度概括，但是主語“It”不明確，指代后面所有語句內(nèi)容。句子敘述到Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthor’snamesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.過去事情如此簡單。里工作的一組研究者將研究結(jié)果交給一本期，之后期確答案為D.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.傳統(tǒng)的期的程序。WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDItintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.報(bào)告引進(jìn)了一種有效的方法.該題目作為細(xì)節(jié)題，要用定位詞在文章中定位。利用定位詞“OECDreport”定位到Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVicheryofOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherwhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofit.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat澳大利亞大學(xué)的約翰休斯頓和OECD的GrahamVichery做的報(bào)告使已經(jīng)獲得利潤的商們要做大量閱讀（即花費(fèi)精力去閱讀去理解。選項(xiàng)A.Itcriticizesernment-fundedresearch.報(bào)告資助的研究，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“使已經(jīng)獲得利潤的商們要做大量閱讀（即花費(fèi)精力去閱讀去理解”沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)，相關(guān)信息句中沒有涉及“資助的研究”；選項(xiàng)B.Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.報(bào)告引進(jìn)了一種有效的方法，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“使已經(jīng)獲得利潤及“有效的方法”；選項(xiàng)C.Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.報(bào)告令賺錢的”額利潤的商們要做大量閱讀”，體現(xiàn)“同意替換”的關(guān)系；選項(xiàng)D.Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.報(bào)告十分有利于科學(xué)研究。因此，正確答案為C.Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.令賺錢的商們感到不安。細(xì)節(jié)題Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantin Aitprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificitbringshugeprofitstoscientificitemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientific該題目作為細(xì)節(jié)題，要用定位詞在文章中定位。利用定位詞“onlinepublication”定位到第四段“Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreement.”這就是所謂的大。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，機(jī)構(gòu)用戶可以接近（查詢）標(biāo)題。選項(xiàng)A.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.讓提供容易查詢的科學(xué)研究成果，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“通過網(wǎng)項(xiàng)B.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.給科研工作者帶來利潤，與ofscientificknowledge.強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)知識(shí)的巨大作用，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)）科學(xué)知識(shí)的作用”；選項(xiàng)D.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.方便）細(xì)節(jié)題Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperifrequired 選項(xiàng)A.coverthecostofitspublication.支付費(fèi)用subscribetothejournalpublishingit.同意期它allowotheronlinejournalstouse ly.允許其他期隨意使用它該題目作為細(xì)節(jié)題，要用定位詞在文章中定位。利用定位詞“theauthorofapaper”定位到第四段“Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.”有公開閱讀物，一般是要求作者或者其雇主為即將的材料來付錢。選項(xiàng)A.coverthecostofitspublication.支付費(fèi)用，與相關(guān) ”；選項(xiàng)C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseit ly.允許其他期隨意使用它， 息句中沒有涉及“允許期隨意使用它”；選項(xiàng)D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.在呈交期前完成同事審閱，與相關(guān)信息句動(dòng)作“要求作者或者其雇主為即將此，正確答案為A.coverthecostofitspublication.支付費(fèi)用。Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthe 利用“中心統(tǒng)一原則”確定首段句和其他確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句文章首是tusedobesosraghfrard.Aemofresacerswrkngogeernheaboaorywudsubtheresusofherreerhoaourna.Aounaledrwoudheneoeheauor’snaesandaffaonsromhepaerandndtoherpersforeve.epndngonhecoensreved,eedorwoudcepteperforpubaonordcne簡里作組者研果給本，期編輯字，。，或退稿。第二段確定段落內(nèi)容方向的語句是Noonr,heneretandpesrefromfundngageces,whoreqesonnghycorcalpubsesaeakngneyromernentfunddesachbyresrcngcessotsakngcessocenfcesusaa是樣。通限人對(duì)究果的看，商資助研Theaueofkowegeaderernonhepubcnesentnreerhdeends,nar,pondedsrbuonndeayces.研究的歸部分依與期的泛，人們隨時(shí)以第四段定段Thissnwchangg.cordngoheOEDepor,soe5%fscoaryournasaenwonn.OED7%的學(xué)術(shù)期可查閱。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這篇文章圍繞著程序的發(fā)展變化歷程展開的。因此，為.Aewoalofpubcaonseergg一種新的模式（充主旨題應(yīng)用中心統(tǒng)一原則效果最為明顯。中心統(tǒng)一原則表述到：文章首段要準(zhǔn)確確定句；）后期編輯從上刪掉作者的名字和簡歷，將它送給審閱。根據(jù)的審閱評(píng)語，編變化的深遠(yuǎn)意義。澳大利亞大學(xué)的JohnHoughton和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作發(fā)展組織的GrahamVickery共同撰寫了該報(bào)告，報(bào)告將令那些目前為止獲益頗豐的商感到心情沉重。但是不多16000種期上超過120萬篇。Intheearly1960s,WiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeyersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadyedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesyingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today'speopleespeciallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerationsapparentlyreachedtheirlimitinthecariy1960s,Andtheyaren'tlikelytogetanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we'veprettymuchgoneaswecango,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAyers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingpayersfromalloverworld.Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesand--notably,proteintofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheightYetaccordingtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheights5′9″forman.5′4″forwomenhasn'treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthr