【百樂(lè)屋英語(yǔ)】深入了解句子和句子成分百樂(lè)屋英語(yǔ)9月20日Asimplesentencehasoneclause.簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)分句。Clausesusuallyconsistofanoungroupasthesubject,andaverbgroup.分句通常由作主語(yǔ)的名詞詞組和作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞詞組兩部分組成。1句子主要成分：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Clausescanalsohaveanothernoungroupastheobjectorcomplement.分句也可以有另一個(gè)名詞詞組作賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Clausescanhaveanadverbial,alsocalledanadjunct.分句還可以有狀語(yǔ)，也稱(chēng)附屬成分。Changingtheorderofthewordsinaclausecanchangeitsmeaning.改變分句中的詞的順序，就會(huì)改變分句的意義。注意：句型的形成遵循組合原則和聚合原則，第一要符合語(yǔ)法順序，第二要符合詞性或詞類(lèi)統(tǒng)一。如：Iboughtacomputeryesterday.正確）Iyesterdayacomputerbought.語(yǔ)法順序錯(cuò)誤）Iboughtacomputer.（正確）Thedogboughtacomputer.詞類(lèi)使用錯(cuò)誤）Beautifulboughtacomputer.詞性使用錯(cuò)誤）Compoundsentencesconsistoftwoormoremainclauses.并列復(fù)合句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主句構(gòu)成。Complexsentencesalwaysincludeasubordinateclause,aswellasoneormoremainclauses.主從復(fù)合句通常包含一個(gè)分句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上主句。Asimplesentencehasoneclause,beginningwithanoungroupcalledthesubject.Thesubjectisthepersonorthingthatthesentenceisabout.Thisisfollowedbyaverbgroup,whichtellsyouwhatthesubjectisdoing,ordescribesthesubject'ssituation.簡(jiǎn)單句是含有一個(gè)分句的句子，以作主語(yǔ)的名詞詞組開(kāi)頭。主語(yǔ)是句子所關(guān)涉的人或事物，其后加動(dòng)詞詞組。動(dòng)詞詞組通常表示主語(yǔ)的行為或描述主語(yǔ)的情形。Heleft.他離開(kāi)了。Thegirlisscreaming.那個(gè)女孩正在尖聲喊叫。Theverbgroupmaybefollowedbyanothernoungroup,whichiscalledtheobject.Theobjectisthepersonorthingaffectedbytheactionorsituation.動(dòng)詞詞組可以后接另一個(gè)名詞詞組，即所謂的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作行為或情形所涉及的人或事物。Shecleanedtherooom.她打掃了房間。Hehadabigbreakfast.他吃了豐盛的早餐。Afterlinkverbslike"be,"become,feel,and"seem,theverbgroupmaybefollowedbyanoungrouporanadjective,calledacomplement,Thecomplementtellsyoumoreaboutthesubject在“be"、"become"、“feel”和“seem”等系動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞詞組可以后接名詞詞組或形容詞，即所謂的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用以提供主語(yǔ)的更多信息Hewasadriver.他以前是一名司機(jī)。Theboyissad.這個(gè)男孩兒很傷心。Theverbgroup,theobject,orthecomplementcanbefollowedbyanadverboraprepositionalphrase,calledanadverbial.Theadverbialtellsyoumoreabouttheactionorsituation,forexamplehow,when,orwhereithappens,Adverbialsarealsocalledadjuncts.動(dòng)詞詞組、賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以后接副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，即所謂的狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)用以提供動(dòng)作行為或情形的更多信息，比如如何何時(shí)或何地發(fā)生等。狀語(yǔ)也被稱(chēng)為附屬成分。Theyshoutedloudly.他們大聲地呼喊。Shewonthecompetitionlastweek.上周她贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。HewasapolicemaninBirmingham.他曾是伯明翰的一名警察。Thewordorderofaclauseisdifferentwhentheclauseisastatement,aquestion,oracommand.陳述句、疑問(wèn)句或祈使句的詞序是不同的。HespeaksEnglishverywell.(statement)他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得非常好。(陳述)DidshewinattheOlympics?(question)她在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲勝了嗎？(疑問(wèn))Stopher.(command)攔住她。(祈使)注意：祈使句中主語(yǔ)會(huì)被省略，所以動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)在句首。Acompoundsentencehastwoormoremainclauses:thatis,clauseswhichareequallyimportant.Youjointhemwith'and’,'but’,or'or'.并列復(fù)合句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主句構(gòu)成，也就是說(shuō)，句與句同等重要。其間通常由“and”、“but”或“or”連接。HemetJaneatthestationandwentshopping.他在車(chē)站和簡(jiǎn)見(jiàn)面，然后去購(gòu)物了。IwantedtogobutIfelttooill.我想去，但我感覺(jué)特別不舒服。Youcancomenoworyoucanmeetustherelater.你可以現(xiàn)在來(lái)，或者稍后在那里與我們碰頭。Notethattheorderofthetwoclausescanchangethemeaningofhesentence.注意：兩個(gè)句子的先后顧序會(huì)改變句意。HewentshoppingandmetJaneatthestation.他去購(gòu)物了，然后在車(chē)站和簡(jiǎn)見(jiàn)面。Ifthesubjectofbothclausesisthesame,youusuallyomitthesubjectinthesecondclause.若兩個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)相同，則第二個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)通?？梢允÷?。Iwantedtogobutfelttooill.我想去，但我感覺(jué)特別不舒服。Acomplexsentencecontainsasubordinateclauseandatleastonemainclause.Asubordinateclausegivesinformationaboutamainclause,andisintroducedbyaconjunctionsuchas'because','if','that',ora'wh'-word.Subordinateclausescancomebefore,after,orinsidethemainclause.主從復(fù)合句包含一個(gè)分句和至少一個(gè)主句。分句提供與主句相關(guān)的信息，通常由"because“、“if"、“that”或“wh”詞等連詞引導(dǎo)。分句可以在主句之前、之后或之中。Whenhestopped,noonesaidanything.當(dāng)他停下的時(shí)候，沒(méi)人說(shuō)話。Ifyouwant,I'llteachyou.如果你需要，我就教你。Theyweregoingbycarbecauseitwasmorecomfortable.他們準(zhǔn)備坐小車(chē)去，因?yàn)檫@樣更舒服。Itoldhimthatnothingwasgoingtohappentome.我告訴他我不會(huì)有事。ThecarthatIdrovewasaFord.我以前開(kāi)的是一輛福特車(chē)。Themanwhocameintotheroomwas