非謂語動詞做狀語的動詞形式做法：①找到邏輯主語②判斷邏輯主語和動詞之間的主被動關系③判斷非謂語與謂語的先后順序。1.vingdoing主動；正在Beingdone被動；正在Havingdone主動；先于謂語動詞發(fā)生Havingbeendone被動①Wandering(wander)onthestreet,hewasquitedown.②Beingsurrounded(surround)byagroupoffans,hecan’tgetoutnow.③Havingwaited(wait)forhalfanhour,herealizedthathelefthiswalletathome.Havingseen(see)themovieforthreetimes,sherefusedtheboy’sinvitation.2.done純被動，無時間判斷;done=havingbeendone已經(jīng)完成的被動①Encouraged（encourage）byMozart’smusic,hecomposedthesong.②Finished/Havingbeenfinished(finish),thebookwasreturnedtothelibrary.3.todo主動；將來=目的狀語=inordertoTobedone被動；將來Tobetter（better）yourunderstandingofthebook,youhadbetterreaditonemoretime.二、如何判斷主被動①邏輯主語+動詞------主謂關系------主動動詞+邏輯主語-------動賓關系-----被動Curesbofthediseaseremindsbofsth___Cured___(cure)ofthedisease,shesighedinrelief.__Reminded_____(remind)ofmyhappychildhood,Icouldn’thelpcrying.___Reminding____(remind)meofmyhappychildhood,thepicturewastakenin1996.②“使”動詞+反身代詞+介詞(equip)AbsorboneselfinsthsbbeabsorbedinsthDressoneselfinsthsbbedressedinsthSeatoneselfin+地點sbbeseatedin+地點Devoteoneselftodoingsthsbbedevotedtodoingsth____Seating___(seat)herselfamongagroupofyoungkids,shewasquitehappy.____Seated______(seat)amongagroupofyoungkids,she.......____Dressed___(dress)inred,shecanbeeasilyspottedinthecrowds.__Devoted___(devote)toservingthepeopleheartandsoul,hewasconsideredanationalhero.___Equipped_____(equip)withcomputerskills,shestoodoutamongthecandidates.③形容詞和形容詞化的分詞也可以作狀語，不用判斷主被動（表示情緒的動詞變成了分詞形式）_Exhausted___(exhaust/tire)anddesperate,shecouldn’thelpcryingbitterly.三、如何判斷時間同時進行/順承發(fā)生doing先于謂語動詞發(fā)生havingdone、havingbeendone（與完成時的標志一致）目的（后于謂語動詞發(fā)生）todo為了Done過去完成的被動動作四、非謂語動詞作結果狀語①現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結果ManyhighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,thusenabling(enable)thepublictotravelmoreeasily.Chaplin’sfatherdied,leaving(leave)hisfamilyevenworseoff.(窮)②only+todo、onlytobedone這樣的結構表示意料之外的結果Ihurriedtotheairport,onlytofind(find)theplanehadtakeoff.Ihurriedtothecinema,onlytobetold(tell)theticketshadbeensoldout.Iwaitedpatientlyoutside,onlytobeinformed(inform)thatIwasnotaccepted.五、狀語從句保留連詞+非謂語動詞，主謂。時間：when、while條件：if/unless/once讓步：Although、though、nomatter+wh-，....WhileIwaswalkingonthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Whilewalking(walk)onthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.省略句：---當主句和從句是同一個主語的時候，可以省略從句的主語和be動詞。Iftaken(take)accordingtotheinstructions,themedicinewillhavenosideeffects(副作用).（從句沒有主語，使用非謂語動詞）Ifthemedicineistaken(take)accordingto.....,itwillhavenosideeffects.（從句有主語，有連詞，必須用謂語動詞，主將從現(xiàn)）Whencompared(compare)withhisoldhouse,thenewhouseislikeapalace.Unlessinvited(invite)tospeak,you’dbetterkeepsilent.Heopenedhismouthasiftosay(say)sth,buthegaveupatlast.補充一個關于反身代詞的表達：（在非謂語動詞作狀語的表達中，動詞后有反身代詞，這一題使用主動，無反身代詞，使用被動，類似的短語有）Dressoneselfinsth---sbbedressedinsthSeatoneselfin...----sbbeseatedin...Devoteoneselftodoing---sbbedevotedtodoing以下四個短語均表示“沉浸于做某事”Buryoneselfinsth---sbbeburiedinsthAbsorboneselfinsth--sbbeabsorbedinsthLoseoneselfinsth---sbbelostinsthimmerseoneselfinsth---sbbeimmersedinsth補充短語連詞省不省略的問題非謂語動詞作狀語（補充說明）主語謂語動詞一個句子只有一個動詞，如果有兩個動詞，一定要有一個連詞沒有并列連詞（and/so/because），主謂語，另一個動詞就要改為非謂語動詞。但是可以保留狀語從句的連詞though、if、when+非謂語動詞應用文主題主謂部分①Welearnthatyouarequitefondofclassicalmusic,sowearewritinginanearnestattempttoinviteyoutojoinustoenjoytheshow.Learningthat.../Havinglearned....,wearewriting....②IrepresentmywholeclassandIwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.Representing....,Iwouldliketo...③IhavelivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavelearntEnglishsinceIwasachild,soIhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.Havinglived(live)forsixteenyearsandhavinglearnt...,Ihaveagoodcommand...④Becauseyouhavenofriendinthecountry,youfinditdifficulttofitinwiththesurroundings.Havingnofriendin....,youfinditdifficult...⑤MozartwasborninacityinwesternAustriaanddemonstratedanunusualtalentinmusicwhenhewasyoung,whocomposedover600piecesofmusicinhis35-yearslife.Borninacityanddemonstrating.....,Mozartcomposed....Born(bear)inacityanddemonstratinganunusual...,Mozartcomposedover600...非謂語動詞and非謂語動詞，主謂結構⑥ChopinwasoneofthemostinfluentialandpopularpianocomposersinthehistoryofPolishmusic,andhewascrownedasthe“romanticpoetofpiano”.Crownedas.....，Chopinis....⑦XianxinghaigrewupinMacaoandcomposedagreatnumberofinfectioussongs,includingtheYellowRiverCantata.Growingup....,Xiancomposed...,including...⑧LeiFengdevotedhimselftoservingthepeopleheartandsoul.Hesetagoodexampleforallofustofollow........,setting....Devotinghimselfto...,heset....Devotedto...,heset.....六、獨立主格結構（非謂語動詞有自己獨立的主語）Myhomeworkhadbeenfinished,soIwenttohavearest.（有連詞）Havingfinished(finish)myhomework,Iwentto....（前后共用一個主語）Myhomeworkfinished/havingbeenfinished__(finish),Iwentto.......(無連詞，兩個動詞有自己各自的主語）兩個動詞，有各自的主語，但是沒有連詞連接，一個主謂語，一個主語非謂語。Iftimepermits,Iwillaccompanyyoutotheshop.Timepermitting(permit),