促進大學生身心健康的方法一學校健康教育的重要意義健康是學生將學到的文化知識和自己的聰明才智貢獻社會的唯一保證,失去健康將失去一切.追求高質(zhì)量的健康生活,是人類發(fā)展的必然.高校體育教育,應(yīng)使學生深刻領(lǐng)悟健康的重要性.通過健康教育,幫助并鼓勵學生樹立追求健康狀態(tài)的理念,了解并掌握達到健康的途徑,把健康教育理論應(yīng)用到具體的教學活動中去,使學生從意識上、行為上對健康概念重新加以塑造和認識.目前,健康教育已逐漸成為我國學者密切關(guān)注的問題,在第五屆中日學校體育研討會上,我國學者認為應(yīng)該確立“學生身心健康為本”的思想.身心健康,從某種意義上來講,近乎于抽象的概念,不象考試成績那么直觀,當身心及精神的疾患積累到一定量時,就會產(chǎn)生質(zhì)的變化,給人造成無法挽回的后果.據(jù)最近調(diào)查資料反映,北京中關(guān)村地區(qū)知識分子的平均壽命,從10年前的58.52歲降到53.34歲,比全國第二次人口普查的北京平均壽命75.73歲低22.79歲.另據(jù)調(diào)查,影響我國中高級知識分子健康的主要因素,除了工作和家庭負擔重、經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)、生活條件差之外,更重要的是缺乏對體育的正確認識,缺乏長期的獨立鍛煉身體的習慣和體育衛(wèi)生保健知識.至今,全國1000多所高校已有30%的大學設(shè)立了心理咨詢機構(gòu),江蘇省27所高校聯(lián)合成立了“大學生心理專業(yè)委員會”協(xié)調(diào)負責省內(nèi)各高校的心理咨詢服務(wù)工作,盡管如此,有些情況仍然不容樂觀,大學生心理障礙的比例仍然較高,心理學家認為,人的成功要素中,智商約占20%,其他因素占80%,其中情商約占60%.“情商”(EQ),是一種洞察及控制個人與他人的感受和情緒的能力,是克服心理矛盾沖突、協(xié)調(diào)和平衡情緒的技巧,是駕馭人生在順境與逆境都能自如通行的智慧.情商較低的人,則容易產(chǎn)生心理障礙,體育教學和鍛煉是重塑心理素質(zhì)和彌補心理障礙的重要途徑之一.現(xiàn)代社會對人才的需求可以歸納為健康的體魄,高超的智能,良好的心理素質(zhì),良好的職業(yè)道德和協(xié)作精神[1].而一味的埋頭苦學,從而導致的身體虛弱,高度近視,神經(jīng)衰弱等疾病,以及較差的適應(yīng)各種復(fù)雜環(huán)境的心理狀態(tài),已遠遠落后于時代的要求.二中國與日本、前蘇聯(lián)、美國體育課程目標的對比1．中國:①全面鍛煉學生身體,增強體質(zhì);②加強體育和衛(wèi)生保健基礎(chǔ)知識的教學,幫助學生養(yǎng)成健身習慣與興趣;③進行愛國主義教育,注重學生個性發(fā)展.2．日本:①通過各種合理的運動實踐,在提高運動技能的同時,使學生能體驗運動樂趣,培養(yǎng)明朗、健全的生活態(tài)度;②通過進行各種適當?shù)倪\動,在培養(yǎng)強健體魄的同時,培養(yǎng)堅強的意志;通過運動中競爭及合作的體驗,培養(yǎng)公正的態(tài)度和自覺遵守規(guī)則相互合作的態(tài)度;③培養(yǎng)注意健康和安全地參加運動的態(tài)度.3．前蘇聯(lián):①提高運動訓練的水平,增進學生的身體健康,學習和達到一定水平的能力;②培養(yǎng)基本的運動素質(zhì),教給學生重要的活動技能和技巧,并在各種復(fù)雜條件下運用它們的有效手段;③培養(yǎng)高尚的道德品質(zhì),培養(yǎng)參加體育鍛煉的興趣,力求達到身心完美.4．美國:①使學生都喜愛體育,培養(yǎng)他們參加體育活動的興趣,并在體育活動中獲得愉快的享受;②使學生懂得合作和競爭的意義,促進個性的形成,同時,培養(yǎng)良好的體育道德;③使學生掌握有關(guān)身體的知識,以便更好地控制自己的身體,更好地適應(yīng)所處的各種環(huán)境.5．德國:①讓學生學會進行與自己能力相吻合的創(chuàng)造性活動并提高這種能力;②通過身體活動掌握運動和游戲進行的方法;③將體育課中學習的東西應(yīng)用到校外,使學生喜愛體育運動.由此可見,國外的體育課程目標有以下特點:①運動實踐的合理性;②身體素質(zhì)與心理素質(zhì)的雙重性;③體育課的內(nèi)容與生活實踐的統(tǒng)一性;④強調(diào)運動過程中愉快的體驗.以美國的體育課程特點為例,通過對美國不同洲的體育教學內(nèi)容的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),內(nèi)容多,項目雜,有較大的選擇性;重視舞蹈、韻律體操和娛樂活動———可能與終身體育教育思想有關(guān),注重學生身心的個體差異,以此來選擇教學內(nèi)容,競技體育項目所占比重相對較少,約30%左右.三我國體育課的現(xiàn)狀、原因分析及對策1體育課現(xiàn)狀以教師、課堂、教材為中心,學生是被動的參與,學生對學期末考試存在恐懼心理.體育課以傳授運動技術(shù)為主,而運動技術(shù)又較單一,傳授的項目不能與今后的實際生活密切聯(lián)系,缺乏體育理論的系統(tǒng)講座,學生在大學期間兩年體育的收獲,捉襟見肘,身體素質(zhì)略有提高,而心理素質(zhì)或某種心理障礙沒有得到重塑或校正,運動技能似懂非懂,不懂得自我保健及鍛煉,體育競賽的觀賞水平也無法得到提高,更不利于養(yǎng)成體育鍛煉的習慣以及樹立終身體育的意識和理念.2體育課現(xiàn)狀的原因由于長期以來學校體育受應(yīng)試教育的影響,課堂教學重視“三基”,忽視學生的參與,盡管學生參與了,也多數(shù)是被動的接受,盡管我們也在呼吁雙邊教學,以學生為主體,而客觀的教學過程,我們必須服從教學大綱,按部就班地按教學進度進行,否則學生將無法應(yīng)付學期末的考試,而考試分數(shù)又直接影響學生的獎學金及就業(yè)分配.由于單一的評分體制的存在,所以除技術(shù)及身體素質(zhì)之外的其它傳授,就顯得多余而蒼白無力了,因為對于學生來講,考什么就練什么,天經(jīng)地義.3關(guān)于體育課教學有效促進大學生身心健康的對策改革教學大綱內(nèi)容,建立起一整套系統(tǒng)的、全面的促進學生身心健康發(fā)展的教學體系,是目前亟待解決的現(xiàn)實問題.體育教學大綱應(yīng)當真正做到以學生為主體,開展多種體育項目及技能的基礎(chǔ)性教學,并且能充分調(diào)動學生的學習積極性和能動性,注重這些體育項目及技能在學生今后社會生活中使用價值的可持續(xù)性,例如:太極拳、散打、健美操、籃球、花樣跳繩、羽毛球、踢毽子、沙包游戲、游泳等體育項目.教學方式也應(yīng)當采用多種授課形式,除校內(nèi)外堂課示范性教學外,還應(yīng)當組織學生觀賞各種比賽,教師在期間介紹比賽規(guī)則,使學生領(lǐng)會競技精神,掌握技能的技巧,同時亦喻教于樂.另外,應(yīng)開展內(nèi)堂課教學,充分利用多煤體教學系統(tǒng),舉辦理論課講座,傳授體育文史,體育衛(wèi)生保健,如何制定運動處方等知識,使學生了解體育,熱愛體育.組織野外授課,給學生設(shè)置些困難,鼓舞和引導學生勇敢地去克服,鍛煉其意志品質(zhì),使其智力與體質(zhì)有機的結(jié)合.培養(yǎng)學生的自控能力、挑戰(zhàn)的能力和應(yīng)變的能力.采用多種組織形式,例如分組教學,將技能嫻熟的學生和技能生疏的學生分在一組,通過教師的指導和同學的互助,鍛煉其協(xié)作能力,最終實現(xiàn)學生整體技能的全面提高,使其充分體會到互助的價值,增強其自信心和進一步學習的欲望,實現(xiàn)體育教學的良性循環(huán).通過這一系列的多形式,多渠道和多層次的全方位立體教學模式,使學生獲得高層次的學習與鍛煉的心理體驗,達到身心健康的統(tǒng)一.四課外活動的現(xiàn)狀、原因及其分析1高校傳統(tǒng)教育理念對課外體育活動的忽視高等教育在傳統(tǒng)理念上比較重視專業(yè)術(shù)科知識和技能的培養(yǎng),在當前市場經(jīng)濟條件下,又形成了高等教育產(chǎn)業(yè)化的新理念,因而更加重視應(yīng)用性人才的塑造.近些年來,高校教育雖然比較重視學生的政治理論學習和德育教育,但是存在著弱化基礎(chǔ)理論學科教育的傾向,更加輕視體育教育和美育教育.目前,大多數(shù)高校下午一般安排2~4節(jié)常規(guī)課,甚至有些學校晚上也安排了加課、選修課以及公共課,或者其他講座課,學生課外體育活動的時間不足.這樣不利于學生廣泛性、多樣性和規(guī)律性的課外體育活動的形成和發(fā)展,更不利于學生整體素質(zhì)的全面塑造.2社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期就業(yè)環(huán)境對課外體育活動的沖擊我們國家目前正處于經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的過渡時期,社會及價值的多元化,深刻影響著高校學生的行為,人力資源結(jié)構(gòu)以及經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式對大學生的學習與就業(yè)帶來很大的沖擊.學生們要面對各種各樣的等級考試、就業(yè)考試、碩士、acertainamount,itwillproducequalitativechange,tocauseirreparableconsequencesaccordingtoarecentsurveydata.ToreflecttheBeijingintellectualsinZhongguancun,theaveragelifeexpectancyof10yearsago,from58.52yearsdownto53.34yearsold,morethansecondnationalpopulationcensusoftheNorthTheaveragelifeexpectancyof75.73years,22.79years.Accordingtoanothersurvey,affectingourcountryseniorintellectuals'healthisthemainfactor,inadditiontotheworkandfamilyburdenisheavy,economicconstraints,thelivingconditionsofthepoor,moreimportantisthelackofcorrectunderstandingofsports,thelackoflong-termindependenthabitofphysicalexerciseandphysicalhealthcareknowledge.Sofar,morethan1000nationaluniversitieshave30%Universitysetuppsychologicalcounselingagencies,27collegesanduniversitiesinJiangsuProvincejointlyestablisheda"CollegeStudents'psychologicalprofessionalcommitteeisresponsiblefortheprovinceof"coordinationofcollegepsychologicalconsultationservice,nevertheless,thereisstillnotoptimistic,mentalobstaclesofcollegestudentsisstillrelativelyhighproportion,psychologists,humanfactorsofsuccess,IQaccountedforabout20%,otherfactorsaccountedfor80%,whereintheEQaccountsforapproximately60%."emotionalintelligence"(EQ),isakindofinsightandcontrolindividualsandothers'feelingsandemotionalcompetence,istoovercomethepsychologicalconflicts,coordinationandbalanceofemotionalskills,iscontrolsthelifeingoodtimesandbadcanfreelypasswisdomEQlow,iseasytohavethepsychologicalobstacle,thesportsteachingandpsychologicalqualitytrainingisremodelingandcompensateformentaldisorderisoneoftheimportantways.Themodernsocietytotalentedperson'sdemandcanbetracedtothehealthybody,superbintelligence,goodpsychologicalquality,goodoccupationmoralsandspiritofcollaboration[1].butconstantlygrindingaway,whichleadstotheweak,highmyopia,neurastheniaandotherdiseases,aswellasthepooradaptvariouscomplexenvironmentalpsychology,hasfarBehindtherequirementsofthetimes.ThetwoChinaandJapan,theUnitedStates,theformerSovietUnionsportscurriculumtargetcontrastThe1China:①thecomprehensiveexercisethestudentbody,enhanceaconstitution;thestrengtheningofsportsandhealthcarebasicknowledgeteaching,helpstudentsdevelopfitnesshabitsandinterests;thepatrioticeducation,payattentiontothestudents'individualitydevelopment.The2Japan:①throughvariousreasonablesportspracticeinimprovingmotorskills,atthesametime,sothatthestudentscanexperiencethesporttraining,clear,perfectlifeattitude;②throughvariouspropermotion,inthetrainingoffitnessatthesametime,cultivateastrongwill;throughsportscompetitionandcooperationexperience,culturefairattitudeandabidebytherulesofmutualcooperationattitude;③cultureattentiontohealthandsafety,totakepartinthesportsattitude.3formerSovietUnion:①increasingtraininglevel,promotesthestudentphysicalhealth,learningandachieveacertainlevelofabilitytraining;thebasicmovementquality,teachstudentstheimportantskillsandtechniques,andinvariouscomplexconditionstousethemeffectively;thecultivationofmoralcharacter,traininginsportstheinterestofphysicalexercise,andstrivetoachievetheperfectbody.In4theUnitedStatesofAmerica:①thatstudentsarefondofsports,cultivatingtheirinterestinparticipatinginsportsactivities,andinthesportsactivitiesintheenjoymentofpleasure;②makestudentsunderstandthemeaningofcompetitionandcooperation,promotetheformationofpersonality,atthesametime,todevelopgoodsportsmanship;③makestudentsgrasptherelevantbodyofknowledge,inordertobettercontrolofhisbody,betteradaptedtotheenvironment.5Germany:①letstudentslearnwiththeirabilitytocoincidewiththecreativeactivitytoimprovethisability;②throughphysicalactivityexercisemasteryandgameplayingmethod;thephysicaleducationlearningthingsisappliedtotheoutside,sothatstudentsarefondofsports.Therefore,thegoalofphysicaleducationcurriculumhasthefollowingcharacteristics:①themovementpracticerationality;thephysicalandmentalqualityofdoublesex;③thecontentofphysicaleducationandlifepracticeofunity;④emphasizesmovementduringapleasantexperience.TotheUnitedStatesofAmericasportscurriculumcharacteristicsasanexample,throughtotheUnitedStatesofAmericadifferentdeltaphysicaleducationteachingcontentsstudiesfound,morecontent,projectmiscellaneous,havegreaterselectivity;attentiontodance,rhythmicgymnasticsandentertainmentactivities--mayandlifelongphysicaleducationthought,payattentiontostudents'individualdifferences,inordertochoosetheteachingcontent,theproportionofcompetitivesportsisrelativelyless,about30%orso.ThethreeChinasportscoursepresentsituation,causesandCountermeasures1PEteachers,classroom,presentsituationofteachingasthecenter,studentsarethepassiveparticipationattheendofthesemester,studentsontheexaminationforthepresenceoffear.Sportsclassforimpartingmovementtechnology,andsportstechniqueissingle,impartedtotheprojectandtheactuallivinginclosecontact,lackofphysicaleducationtheorysystemoflectures,studentsintheUniversityduringtwoyearsofphysicalharvest,stretched,physicalqualityandpsychologicalqualityimprovedslightly,orsomepsychologicalbarriershavenotbeenremodelingorcorrection,motorskillsnotfullyunderstand,donotknowselfhealthcareandexercise,athleticcompetitionornamentallevelcannotbeimproved,toformthehabitofphysicaltrainingandlifelongsportsconsciousnessandconcept.2PhysicalEducationinschoolsportssincethereasonbecauseofthelong-termimpactofexamination-orientededucation,classroomteachingpayattentionto"ThreeBasics",ignoringstudents'participation,althoughstudentsinvolved,mostalsoisapassiveacceptance,althoughwealsocalledforinthebilateralteaching,takestudentasthemainbody,andtheobjectiveoftheteachingprocess,wemustobeytheteachingoutline,tofollowtheprescribedorderaccordingtotheteachingschedule,orattheendofthesemesterstudentswillbeunabletocopewiththeexamination,andexaminationscoresanddirectlyaffectthestudentscholarshipsandemploymentdistributionduetoasinglescoresystemexistence,soinadditiontotechnicalandphysicalqualitybesidesimparting,hasbecomeredundantandfeeble,asforthestudent,examwhatiswhattopractice,asunalterableprinciples.3onthePEteachingeffectivelypromotethephysicalandmentalhealthofcollegestudentsthecountermeasuresto/post/143.htmlreformteachingcontent,establishasetofsystem,comprehensivelyimprovestudents'physicalandmentalhealtheducationsystem,istherealproblemthatsolvesurgently.PEteachingoutlineshouldreallytakethestudentasthemainbody,carryoutavarietyofsportsprogramsandskillbasedteaching,andcanfullymobilizestudentslearningenthusiasmandinitiative,pay/post/600.htmlattentiontothesportsitemsandskillsinstudents'futuresociallifevalueofsustainability,forexample:TaiChiBoxing,Sanda,aerobics,basketball,badminton,kickshuttlecock,ropeskipping,sandbags,swimmingandothersportsgameteachingmethodshouldbe.Usingavarietyofteachingforms,excepttheschoolclassdemonstrationteaching,alsoshouldorganizestudentstowatchagame,teachersintheintroducedduringtherulesofthegame,sothatstudentsunderstandthecompetitivespirit,mastertheskillskill,butalsoeducatinginahappyatmosphere.Inaddition,shouldbeginfromeducation,makefulluseofmultimediateachingsystem,holdtheoryclasslecture,teachsportsliterature,sportsandhealthHealthcare,howtodevelopthesportsprescriptionofsuchknowledge,enablestudentstounderstandthesports,sportsteachingtothestudent.Organizationalfield,setupsomedifficulties,encourageandguidethestudentstobravelyovercome,exercisethewillquality,makeitsintellectualand/a/shanalinduoshaoqian/physicalorganiccombination.Thecultivationofstudents'selfcontrolability,theabilityandthestraincapacityofchallengeusingavarietyoforganizationforms,suchasteaching,willbeskilledstudentsandskillsofnewstudentsinagroup,theteachersandstudentstoexercisetheirabilityofcooperation,mutualhelp,ultimatelystudentsoverallskillsimprove,tofullyappreciatethevalueofcooperation,enhancetheirself-confidenceandfurtherstudydesire,torealizethebenigncirculationofsportsteaching.Throughaseriesofmuchform,muchchannelandmulti-levelomnibearingstereoscopicteachingmodel,toenablestudentstoobtainthehighlevelsoflearningandtrainingofpsychologicalexperience,toachievephysicalandmentalhealthofunity.Fourextracurricularactivities,reasonandanalysisofcurrentsituation1Universityoftraditionaleducationideaonextracurricularsportsactivitiesofhighereducationinthetraditionalconceptoftheneglectofmoreimportanceonspecialtyknowledgeandskillstraining,undertheconditionofmarketeconomy,andtheformationoftheindustrializationofhighereducationnewconcept,andpaymoreattentiontopracticaltalentstraining.Inrecentyears,althoughpaymoreattentiontothestudents'EducationinCollegesanduniversitiesthestudyofpoliticaltheoryandmoraleducation,butthereexistweakbasictheoryeducationtendency,morecontemptforphysicaleducationandaestheticeducation.Atpresent,mostcollegesanduniversitiestheafternoongeneralarrangementsection2~4regularclass,andevensomeschoolnightisalsoarrangedwithcourses,electivecoursesandpubliccourses,orotherlectures,thestudents'extracurricularsportsactivitieslackoftime.Thisisnotconducivetostudents'universality,diversityandregularityoftheformationanddevelopmentofextracurricularsportsactivities,isnotconducivetotheoverallqualityofthestudentscomprehensivetraining.2duringtheperiodofsocialtransformation,theemploymentenvironmentofextra-curricularsportsactivitiestoimpactourcountrypresentisbeingintheeconomictransitionperiod,thesocietyandthediversityofvalue,aprofoundimpactontheuniversitystudents'behavior,thestructureofhumanresourcesandeconomicdevelopmentmodelofCollegeStudents'learningandemploymentbringsverybigimpact.Thestudentshavetofacevariousgradeexaminationtheexamination,employment,master,doctorgraduatestudenthaveanexam.Inaddition,employmenttry,work-studyprogram,youthvolunteeractivities,socialinvestigationandvariousactivitiesofsocialpracticeisalsodeeplyinfluencedthenormaluniversitylife.Thesocialactivityoftheunreasonableconfigurationwillalsoaffecttheextracurricularsportsactivities,avarietyofshort-termbehaviorandcannotreallyachievetheoverallqualityofstudentscomprehensivetraining,morecannotreplacethescientificandreasonablephysicaleducationandaestheticeducation.3collegestudentslackofknowledgeandtothesportsbiasfromprimaryschoolstudentsdespiteuntiltheUniversity,hasbeeninphysicaleducation,whilethesportsknowledgeandlessunderstood,butdidnotdevelopascientificphysicalexercisehabitsandcorrecthealthsportconcept.Sincelongreceivesfromsociety,school,family,"re-lightbody",asthesportsforbouncinggame,specialtyknowledgelearningisnotessentialthings.4lackofscientificguidanceandsportsvenuesandequipmenttofullyprotectthemajorityofcollegesanduniversitiesnosportsdepartmentofextracurricularactivitiesinunifiedorganizationandsupervision.Sotothoseitselfonsportsactivitiesexistininertstudentslostexternalsuperviserestrict;whilesomeotherstudentsparticipateinanyextracurricularactivitiesdesirecannot.Thereasonisnotenoughactivityspace,unabletoborrowthenecessarysportsequipment,lackofhighlevelprofessionalteachers'guidanceandtraining.FivethroughstrengtheningextracurricularactivitieseffectivelypromotethephysicalandmentalhealthofcollegestudentsandCountermeasures1topromotephysicalandmentalhealthofcollegestudentsisthebasicstartingpointofnationalhealth"onetwoone"tostarttheprojectemphasizes,"schoolsshouldensurethateverystudentinonehoursports[2]."accordingtoqualityeducationthecharacteristic,fitnesstofaceallstudent,enableseachstudenttogrowuphealthily.Inrecentyears,happysportsinourcountryisbecomingthehotissueinthestudyofsportscholars.Incomprehensivelyenhancesthesportsteachingoveralllevelbasedon,payattentiontothestudents'extracurricularsportsactivities,throughtheteachersorganizedscientificguidance,makeitsindividualinterestandphysicaldifferencesbetweenorganiccombination,givefullplaytotheirenthusiasmandinitiative,notonlyenhancedthethestuden