大學(xué)英語四級(jí)-95

(總分：100.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)

一、ReadingComprehension(總題數(shù)：4，分?jǐn)?shù)：100.00)

AnewreportreleasedbytheAmericanFederationofTeachers(AFT)remindsusofatopiceducation

writersalmostneveraddress—theindecentsideoftherecruitmentofteachersabroadforU.S.

schools.TheAFTreport,"ImportingEducators:CausesandConsequencesofInternationalTeacher

Recruitment,"hassomeshockingdisclosures,anddeservesaclosereading.

Thereportsaysthatonerecruiterforoverseas-educatedteachersinNewark,N.J.,forcedrecruits

tosignacontractobligatingthemtokickback25percentoftheirsalariestotherecruiter.

Otherrecruitersclaimedthattheywouldhelptheteacherstogetloansat60percentinterest

rate.Someforbadethemtoowncars.Someplacedthenewlyarrivedteachersinovercrowded,

unfinishedhousing,thereportsaid.

TheAFTwassmarttostarttheirpressreleaseonthereportwiththistruestatement:"Thegrowing

numberofoverseas-educatedteachersinU.S.schoolshasputmanytalentededucatorsin

classrooms."Thenitaddedtheconcernsthattheimmoralrecruitinghasraised.

Thisissomethingforschoolboardsandcitizenstoinvestigateincitiesthathaverecruited

manyteachersfromabroad.ItisanotherreasonwhyweshouldcelebrategroupslikeTeachFor

AmericathatareworkinghardtopersuademoreAmericanstoconsiderteachinginthosedistricts

thathavethegreatestshortages.

ThebestteacherIeversawinaction,themanwhoturnedmeintoaneducationreporter,waseducated

inBolivia,andtaughtthereuntilhemovedtotheU.S.whenhewas34.Hewasnotrecruitedby

anyone.HiswifehopedthatmovinghimtoAmericawouldpersuadehimtostopteaching,whichshe

thoughtwasbeneathhim.HisnameisJaimeEscalante.Ifanyonehadtriedanyoftheserecruiter

tricksonhim,theywouldhaveregretteditfortherestoftheirlives.Hewas,andstillis

inretirement,atoughguy,whospent10yearslearningEnglishandredoinghiscollegeeducationsohecouldteachhere.IamsuretheAFTwillbeveryhappyffwegetmorelikehim,andstopthisexploitationofpeoplewhowanttohelpkids.(分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00)

(1).Whatissuehaslongbeenignoredbyeducationwriters?(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.ManyoverseasteacherswantedtoworkintheAmericanschools.

B.Therewasdirtyworkintheprocessofrecruitingoverseasteachers.√

C.TheAmericanschoolsrecruitedunqualifiedoverseasteachers.

D.OverseasteachersdidnotenjoyanywelfareintheUnitedStates.

解析：[解析]第1段第1句破折號(hào)前的neveraddress和本題題干中的ignored意思相近，因此，本題答案應(yīng)從破折號(hào)后尋找。破折號(hào)后的indecentside和B中的dirtywork意義相近，B是對(duì)破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容的近義改寫，故為本題答案。

(2).WhatistheAFTreportmainlyconcernedabout?(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.Thelowsalariesoftheoverseasteachers.

B.Therecruitingprocessoftheoverseasteachers.√

C.TheneedformoreoverseasteachersintheU.S.

D.Thelivingconditionsoftheoverseasteachers.

解析：[解析]從第1段第1句中的indecentside和第3段最后一句中的immoralrecruiting可以知道AFT關(guān)注的是“招募”本身的過程，不是別的細(xì)節(jié)問題，因此，本題應(yīng)選B。

(3).Theauthorismostlikelytoagreethat"districtsthathavethegreatestshortages"______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)

A.can"taffordtohirelocalAmericanteachers

B.donotappealtolocalAmericanteachersatall

C.haveaflawededucationsystem

D.areingreatneedofteachers√

解析：[解析]只要找出“districtsthathavethegreatestshortages”最短缺的是什么，本題就迎刃而解了。根據(jù)第4段和全文的內(nèi)容可以知道這些地區(qū)最缺的就是“教師”，因此，D的說法是正確的。

(4).ItisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatMrs.Escalantethoughtthat______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.teacherswerenothighlyrespectedintheU.S.

B.overseasteacherswereusuallyunfairlytreated

C.herhusbanddeservedabetterjobthanteaching√

D.herhusbandhadalwayswantedtochangehisjob

解析：[解析]最后一段第3句中的定語從句whichshethoughtwasbeneathhim中，which指的是teaching，而beneathsb.意為“對(duì)某人不夠好”，由此可見，Mrs.Escalante認(rèn)為當(dāng)教師對(duì)于丈夫來說太埋沒他的才能了，也就是說，她認(rèn)為丈夫能勝任比當(dāng)教師更好的工作，故選C。

(5).Accordingtothepassage,whatisAFT?(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.Anon-governmentorganizationofteachers.√

B.Aresearchinstituteonteachers"issues.

C.Agovernmentbranchadministeringteachers.

D.Ascholarlyjournalissuedbyteachers.

解析：[解析]第1段第1句提到了AFT發(fā)表了一份新報(bào)告，據(jù)此可以推斷AFT是一個(gè)具有行為能力的個(gè)人或組織，據(jù)此可排除D。文章最后一句提到如果我們有更多像Mr.Escalante那樣的老師，并停止剝削真心從教的老師，AFT會(huì)很高興，從此可見，AFT對(duì)于對(duì)老師的剝削，并不能采取什么行動(dòng)，可排除C。而全文提到AFT一篇有關(guān)海外教師招募問題的報(bào)告，并不能說明AFT就是一個(gè)針對(duì)教師問題的調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu)，B排除。綜合上述，本題選A。

Manyprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationaroundthecountryareindanger.Notallwillbe

saved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustasthereare

low-qualitybusiness.Wehavenoobligationtosavethemsimplybecausetheyexist.

Butmanythrivinginstitutionsthatdeservetocontinuearethreatened.Theyaredoingafine

jobeducationally,buttheyarecaughtinafinancialsqueeze,withnowaytoreducerisingcosts

orincreaserevenuessignificantly.Raisingtuitiondoesn"tbringinmorerevenue,foreachtime

tuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown,ortheamountthatmustbegivenawayinstudentaid

goesup.Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseof

mismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,

andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.Evenaverygoodcollege

isaverybadbusiness.

Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryabout.Lowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.Effortstosavethem,andpreferablytokeepthemprivate,areanationalnecessity.Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherently(固有地)betterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.Inanimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous.Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Enthusiasticsupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofsustainingprivatehighereducation. (分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00)

(1).Accordingtotheauthor"sopinion,schoolsarebadbusinessesbecauseof______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)

A.mismanagement

B.toofewstudents

C.financialsqueeze

D.theircharacteristics√

解析：[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查因果關(guān)系。第2段倒數(shù)第3句中的“notbecauseof...butbecauseof...”指出了nature就是原因所在，characteristics是nature的近義詞，故D正確。

(2).Theauthorusedthephrase"gounder"inPara.3tomean"______".(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.getintodifficulties√

B.havelowenrollment

C.havelittlemoney

D.bringinmoremoney

解析：[解析]詞義理解題。通過gounder所在句子中的Evenwith...可知，該句與上一句形成對(duì)比，這兩句中的enrollment是相對(duì)應(yīng)的，所以gounder應(yīng)該也與上文的problem相對(duì)應(yīng)，由此可推斷，gounder就是haveproblem/difficulty之義。本題最具干擾性的是C，但文中并無細(xì)節(jié)具體說明即使入學(xué)人數(shù)滿額學(xué)校收入也很少的問題，因此C把problem定義得過細(xì)，不如A恰當(dāng)。

(3).Wecanreasonablyconcludefromthispassagethattheauthormadeanappealtothepublicinordertosupport______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)

A.publicinstitution

B.privateschools√

C.uniformityofeducation

D.diversityofeducation

解析：[解析]推理判斷題，也是主旨大意題。文章一開頭就指出“許多私立高等學(xué)校都處于危險(xiǎn)之中”，引起讀者的關(guān)注，結(jié)尾句明確倡議支持公立高等教育的人們應(yīng)該同樣支持私立高等教育，由此可見，B是本文的目的。本題最具干擾性的是D，D的說法在最后一段中多次提到，但是作者提出辦學(xué)多樣性是為了說明私立教育的重要性，故D只是本文主題(私立教育)的支持性細(xì)節(jié)，并非本文的中心話題。

(4).WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutprivateschools?(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.High-qualityprivateschoolsdeservetobesaved.

B.Ifthetuitionoftheprivateschoolsisraised,theenrollmentgoesdown.

C.Therearemanycasestoshowthatpublicschoolsarebetterthanprivateschools.

D.Privateschoolsaremoreprofitablethanpublicschools.√

解析：[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。可用排除法找出答案。A可從第1段推斷得出；B可在第2段第3句中找到；C可從最后一段中間找到。

(5).Whichofthefollowingwayscouldpossiblysaveprivateschools?(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.Raisingtuition.

B.Fullenrollment.

C.Nationalawarenessandsupport.√

D.Reductionofrisingcosts.

解析：[解析]推理判斷題?？捎门懦ㄕ页龃鸢福鶕?jù)原文，第2段第3句可證明A不可行；最后一段第3句證明B不可行；第2段第2句也指出D行不通。本文的目的是為了提高公眾對(duì)私立教育的關(guān)注，由此可見，只有C是拯救私立高校的可行性方法。

WhenfamiliesgatherforChristmasdinner,somewillsticktoformaltraditionsdatingbacktoGrandma"sgeneration.Theirtableswillbesetwiththegooddishesandsilver,andthedress

codewillbeSunday-best.

Butinmanyotherhomes,thischina-and-silverelegancehasgivenwaytoastoneware(粗陶)-and-stainlessinformality,withdressesassuminganequallycasual-Fridaylook.Forhostsandguests,thechangemeansgreatersimplicityandcomfort.FormakersoffinechinainBritain,itspellseconomichardtimes.

LastweekRoyalDoulton,thelargestemployerinStoke-on-Trent,announcedthatitiseliminating1,000jobs—one-fifthofitstotalworkforce.Thatbringstomorethan4,000thenumberofpositionslostin18monthsinthepottery(陶瓷)region.Wedgwoodandotherpotteryfactoriesmadecutsearlier.

AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing,thelayoffsin

Stokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts.AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthat

thecompany"hasbeensomewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend"towardcasualdining.Families

eattogetherlessoften,heexplained,andmorepeopleeatalone,eitherbecausetheyaresingle

ortheyeatinfrontoftelevision.

Evendinnerparties,iftheyhappenatall,havegonecasual.Inatimeoflongworkhoursand

demandingfamilyschedules,busyhostsinsist,tightly,thatit"sbettertoshareatakeoutpizza

onpaperplatesinthefamilyroomthantowaitfortheperfectmomentora"real"dinnerparty.

Toooften,theperfectmomentnevercomes.Ironafine-patternedtablecloth?Forgetit.Polish

thesilver?Whohastime?

Yetthelossofformalityhasitsdownside.Thefinepointsofetiquette(禮節(jié))thatchildrenmightoncehavelearnedatthetablebyobservationorinstructionfromparentsandgrandparents

("Chewwithyourmouthclosed.""Keepyourelbowsoffthetable.")mustbepickedupelsewhere.Somecompaniesnowofferetiquetteseminarsforemployeeswhomaybecompetentprofessionallybutcluelesssocially.(分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00)

(1).Thetrendtowardcasualdininghasresultedin______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.bankruptcyoffinechinamanufacturers

B.shrinkingofthepotteryindustry√

C.restructuringoflargeenterprises

D.economicrecessioninGreatBritain

解析：[解析]推理判斷題。首先依據(jù)題目中的casualdining找到第2段中的informality。其后有兩個(gè)for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語，后一個(gè)說“對(duì)于英國(guó)精致瓷器的制造商來說，這(informality)意味著經(jīng)濟(jì)困難時(shí)期”；此外，第3段用數(shù)據(jù)具體指出陶瓷業(yè)裁員之嚴(yán)重，說明陶瓷業(yè)在萎縮，即B。A、D均屬夸大事實(shí)，C與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)。

(2).Whichofthefollowingmaybethebestreasonforcasualdining?(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.Familymembersneedmoretimetorelax.

B.Busyschedulesleavepeoplenotimeforformality.√

C.Peoplewanttopracticeeconomyintimesofscarcity.

D.Youngpeoplewon"tfollowtheetiquetteoftheoldergeneration.

解析：[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第2段第2句中指出現(xiàn)今休閑文化流行的背景：工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，家庭生活節(jié)奏緊張，B中的Busyschedules與文中的demandingfamilyschedules對(duì)應(yīng)，故為答案。

(3).ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatRoyalDoultonis______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.aretailerofstainlesssteeltableware

B.adealerinstoneware

C.apotterychainstore

D.aproduceroffinechina√

解析：[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。RoyalDoulton在文章中出現(xiàn)過兩次：第3段說它裁員，因?yàn)槿藗冇貌驮絹碓诫S意(不再講究餐具的精致)；第4段中“AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany...”，暗示公司的性質(zhì)，可以推斷它是精制器皿的生產(chǎn)者。

(4).Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.theincreasedvalueofthepound

B.theeconomicrecessioninAsia

C.thechangeinpeople"swayoflife√

D.thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad

解析：[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的thelayoffs找到文章第4段首句，其中的havetheirrootsin相當(dāng)于題目中的maincauseis，shifts相當(dāng)于C中的change。其實(shí)本題與第1小題是交叉相關(guān)的，從第1小題的題目可找到本題的答案。

(5).Refinedtablemanners,thoughlesspopularthanbeforeincurrentsociallife,______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)

A.arestillamustoncertainoccasions√

B.areboundtoreturnsoonerorlater

C.arestillbeingtaughtbyparentsathome

D.canhelpimprovepersonalrelationships

解析：[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段，特別是第2句“Thefinepointsofetiquette...mustbepickedupelsewhere良好的餐桌禮儀必須在其他地方被重拾起來”，可知禮儀在某些場(chǎng)合還是必要的，故答案為A。

Inbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild"sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalenthusiasmforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters.Othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnightorpunctualityformeals.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild"sownhappiness.

Asregardsthedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,consistencyisveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality.Also,parentsshouldrealizethat"exampleisbetterthanprecept".Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpractisewhattheypreach(說教),theirchildrenmaygrowconfusedandemotionallyinsecurewhentheygrowoldenoughtothinkforthemselves,andrealizetheyhavebeentosomeextentfooled.Asuddenawarenessofamarkeddifferencebetweentheirparents"principlesandtheirmoralscanbeadangerousdisappointment.(分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00)

(1).Eagerlywatchingthechild"sacquisitionofnewskills______.(分?jǐn)?shù)：5.00)A.canbeavoided

B.isuniversalamongparents√

C.setsupdangerousstatesofworryinthechild

D.willmakehimloseinterestinlearningnewthings

解析：[解析]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第1段第1句中的everyparent，often等詞表明這種做法在父母中是非常普遍的，顯然B與之相符。