的哥，考研的哥，考研干貨最多的公眾平 年攻讀入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewinlectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheirplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7tonactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8，publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleintheIntheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

[A][A]

[B][B]

[C] [D][C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]in [B]asa [C]for [D]ina[A]dis [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [A] [B] [C] [D]y[D][D]ifnow[C]so[D]even[A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D]18.[A]Onthe[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheother19.[A][B][C] [D]20.[A][B][C] [D]Section ReadingPartReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextWildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceinligence,”andastheNetgrows,itisingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacalledOpen-SourceSolutions，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsshinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateinligence-ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.ManyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatStraifordGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.Lastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisin.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfrom,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttolgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-inligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takes prideinitsindependentvoice.TheemergenceoftheNethas receivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedtheinligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasaDonovan’sstoryismentionedinthetext introducethetopicofonlineshowhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformationhonorhisuniqueservicestotheThephrase“makingthebiggestssh”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobably causingthebiggestexertingthegreatestachievingthegreatestenjoyingthewidestItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4thatstraitford’spredictionabouthasprovedstraitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsstraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbystraitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableStraitfordismostproudof officialnonconformistefficientmilitaryTextToparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededfortriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondfullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberayharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shiprecement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatMuchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonly alitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swords callonscientiststotakesomecriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalwarnofthedoomofbiomedicalshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearch cruelbutinhumanandinevitablebutpointlessandTheexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthe discontentwithanimalignoranceaboutmedicalindifferencetoanxietyaboutanimalTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould communicatemorewiththeemployhi-techmeansinfeelnoshamefortheirstrivetodevelopnewFromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooper awell-knownamedicalanenthusiastinanimalasupporterofanimalTextInrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-movedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscominthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerail .Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingfortheShipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalernment'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremeRailroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.It'stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketce?”asksMartinBercovici,WashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsManycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail'snetrailwayoperatingein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket. Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikely costreductionisbasedonservicescallforcross-tradeoutsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoshipperswillhavetherailwaybytheWhatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailItcanbeinferredfromparagraph3 shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivaltherewillsoonbeonlyone overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforrate ernmentboardensuresfairyinrailwayTheword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyrefersto whoworkaswhofunctionaswhosupervisewhodeterminetheAccordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycaused thecontinuingthegrowingthecheeringWalltheshrinkingTextItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlyoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereced,clinicaldepressioncataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyIn1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwill$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethataernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradoernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,chairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.WhatisimpliedinthefirstAmericansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherAmericansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverAmericansareover-confidentoftheirmedicalAmericanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeTheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshow medicalresourcesareoftendoctorsarehelplessagainstfatalsometreatmentsaretoomedicalcosts ingTheauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisonestrong [B][C]slight [D]enthusiasticIncontrastotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalmore [B]more[C]more [D]moreThetextintendstoexpresstheideathat.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthlivingdeathshouldbeacceptedasafactofexcessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthPartBReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Humanbeingsinalltimesandcesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.（41）Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisnetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwords“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname, passesthestudyofallAnthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.（42）Socialscienceisthatbranchofinlectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,political,science,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.cross-broughttoysisofculturespastandAllthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinysis.（43）Thecross-broughttoysisofculturespastandmakesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialAnthropologicalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatinlectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.（44）Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned.shared,andpatternedbehavior.（45）Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.Section 46.Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayentitledinwhichyoushould1）describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2）pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20第一部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用試題解一、文章總體分析文章主要論述了教師們應(yīng)該關(guān)注青少年在成長(zhǎng)時(shí)期所經(jīng)歷的情感、心智和生理上的變化，并采取方法幫助他們適應(yīng)這些變化，健康成長(zhǎng)。第一段第一、二句是句，點(diǎn)明文章。從第三句開始介紹了青少年的各種變化，有的活動(dòng)，組織各種小型，讓成年人在幕后支持。第二段特別強(qiáng)師在設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)時(shí)要注意保持其多樣性，以適應(yīng)青少年注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間短二、試題具體解析[B]（givesb.an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情況[C]（haveagood/bad）opinion(of)[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：固定搭配of（教師應(yīng)該注意）Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1to（。theyteachersyoungadults，第二句中的giveserious1to與第一句中的beawareof（知道，）也應(yīng)在意義上相呼應(yīng)。give...toidea豐富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意識(shí)、打算、建議”等，但通常與介詞of而不是to連用；opinion意為“意見；看法”，一般不與give搭配；advice（建議）雖然可與give及to搭配，但介詞to后應(yīng)接人，即建議的接受者，如果要表達(dá)“提出…方面的建議”，應(yīng)該用“giveadviceonsth。只givethoughtto是一個(gè)固定搭配，其中的thought不能替換為別的詞匯，它放入句中表示“同時(shí)他們也應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這些年輕人如何最好地2這些變化例句補(bǔ)充：Igavemuchthoughttowhathesaidyesterday.（我對(duì)他昨天說(shuō)的那番書能讓你對(duì)古希臘的生活有一些了解)；Everyonehasapooropinionofacoward.（每[A]strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固[B]modate[C]stimulate刺激，激勵(lì)D]enhance[[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)賓搭配suchchangessuchchanges指的是第一句提到的theemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchanges。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，是 modate表達(dá)的含義最恰當(dāng)，“適應(yīng)變化”整個(gè)句子的含義是“教師也需要認(rèn)真考慮年輕人如何最好地適應(yīng)這些（情感、心智和生理上的）change200413題。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：modate表示“適應(yīng)”時(shí)，還常用modateoneselftosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，：Hehastomodatehimselftochangedsituation.（他不得不適應(yīng)變化[A]care關(guān)心，照 [B]nutrition營(yíng)[C]exercise[D]leisure[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文中相關(guān)部分是“成長(zhǎng)的身體需要運(yùn)動(dòng)和3，但不僅僅是在強(qiáng)調(diào)競(jìng)賽的方面需要這movement并列做need的賓語(yǔ)。首先，考生判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)是身體成長(zhǎng)時(shí)所需要的（除運(yùn)動(dòng)以外的說(shuō)，選項(xiàng)中所提到的四種東西都是需要的，但是下文對(duì)這里所需要的東西進(jìn)行了限定，即，和movement同樣都可以通過(guò)競(jìng)賽的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。這樣只有exercise合適，它與competition屬于同一語(yǔ)義范疇，并可以用于競(jìng)賽。[A]If（表?xiàng)l件 [B]Although（表轉(zhuǎn)折[C]Whereas然而，反之，但是（表轉(zhuǎn)折 [D]Because（表因果[[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系空格所在長(zhǎng)句中包含了兩個(gè)由逗號(hào)隔開的分句：4theyareadjustingteenagersareespeciallyself-conscious。兩個(gè)分句有共同的主語(yǔ)，前一句中的they就指代下一句中的teenagers多”，下一分句意他所我識(shí)”因此because。ofthingstodotoday.(我今天有一大堆事情要做)。[A]assistance幫助，協(xié) [B]guidance引導(dǎo)，指[C]confidence信心 [D]tolerance[答案]C[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+名詞詞義辨析（teenagers）needthe5thatcomesfromachieving（青少年需要由獲得成功而得到的……that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾空格處的名詞。因此考生只需要判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一樣?xùn)|西可以從成功中得到。一般來(lái)講，獲得成功后，我們常常得到的是confidence（信心。[A]claimed（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求，索取，主張[B]admired[C]ignored忽視 [D]surpassed[答案]B[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析本題的考點(diǎn)與上題有重合的地方。文中相關(guān)部分（teenagers）needtheconfidencethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheirplishmentsare6首先，考生要注意分析其中定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：句中主語(yǔ)是that指代的先行詞confidence，謂comesfromachievingsuccess和knowingthat…。因此考生關(guān)鍵要判斷青少年的自信來(lái)自于知道他們的成績(jī)（plishments）受到別人的什么。根據(jù)，只有當(dāng)自己的成績(jī)受到別人羨慕時(shí)，人們才會(huì)產(chǎn)生信心。顯然只有admired符合文 plishment的構(gòu)詞法是： 行為，類似的詞還有achievement，development，establishment，fulfillment等。[A]improper不恰當(dāng) [B]risky[C]fair公平的，美麗 [[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+形容詞詞義辨析空格所在句子的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是somuchcompetitionthat…，句意為“青少年典型的生活中已經(jīng)充滿了這么多的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，以至于策劃勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)將是7_的活動(dòng)，這樣就可以首先排除improper和risky。在剩下的fair和wise讓青少年在活動(dòng)中通過(guò)取勝來(lái)獲得信心是明智的做法，是適合他們成長(zhǎng)需要的。[A]ineffect實(shí)際 [B]asaresult結(jié)果（表因果關(guān)系[C]forexample（表例證關(guān)系）D]inasense[[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系空格前文是tonactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers（策劃一些勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)，后文是publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews（有許多學(xué)生撰寫書評(píng)的通訊。本題要求考生判斷兩部分之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。從語(yǔ)意上看，前文是泛指一些活動(dòng)（activities），后文是具體的活動(dòng)（publishingnewsletters，者少的活動(dòng)”的例子。能夠表達(dá)例證邏輯關(guān)系的只有forexample。[A]disying展 [B]describing描creating創(chuàng) [[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+動(dòng)賓搭配從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，9studentartworkpublishingnewsletterssponsoringbookdiscussionclubs動(dòng)的例子。因此考生需要判斷選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)動(dòng)名詞中的動(dòng)詞能與studentartwork（學(xué)生的藝術(shù)品）構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，并體現(xiàn)出勝者多敗者少的特點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有“展示（disying”符合句意[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10它要求考生判斷各種各樣的小型可以提供什么樣的機(jī)會(huì)。解題的是前面variety（多樣，多樣性，多種多樣的應(yīng)該提供多種多樣的（multiple）是持久的（durable，過(guò)多的（excessive）或多余的（surplus）詞匯補(bǔ)充：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中 原義是“能夠抵抗磨損，撕扯或腐蝕的”，引伸義“持久的”，如：adurablefriendship（持久的友誼；excessiv指“過(guò)多的，過(guò)量的”，多；surplus；multiple如：amanofmultipleinterests(廣泛的人)。[A]group團(tuán)體，組，群， [B]individual個(gè)人（的 [[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文中的相關(guān)部分是clubscanprovideopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11_dynamics，注意其中的連詞aswellas（而且）表明forpractice和forleadership并列修飾opportunities，即“不僅提供（學(xué)生）培養(yǎng)領(lǐng)表達(dá)一種動(dòng)態(tài)的人際互動(dòng)關(guān)系?？忌枰袛鄬W(xué)生在里可以進(jìn)行哪方面的動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系的練習(xí)。注意上下文中的club和leadership顯示了這是一種團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng)，選項(xiàng)中的individual概念與之相， nel和corporation不適合文章談?wù)摰膶?duì)象。對(duì)于學(xué)校學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，在“團(tuán)體動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系即集體活動(dòng)”方面提供練習(xí)的說(shuō)法比較合理，因此，group為正確答[A]consent[B]insurance[C]admission[D]security[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：12security，因?yàn)殪t腆的學(xué)生需要交朋友，需要加入某種團(tuán)體以獲得安全感。最具干擾的選項(xiàng)是admission，它可以表示“獲得加入某個(gè)團(tuán)體或機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)利”，但它必須與to或into搭配，例：’sadmissiontotheUnitedNations（允許中國(guó)加合國(guó)。[A]particularly特別地，異常地，顯著地[B]barely[C]definiy肯定無(wú)疑地，明確地[D]rarely很少地，難[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文章相關(guān)部分是shystudentsneedthesecuritywithasupportiveadult 13visibleinthebackground，空格處將填入一個(gè)副詞修飾visible，其含義是“靦腆的學(xué)生需要一定的安全感，這種安全感來(lái)自一位成人在背后……能看見的地方提供支持”。根據(jù)可推知，青少年需要成人的支持，但不需要成人過(guò)多的參與，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰?dú)立地去完成事情。選中particularly和definiy是程度副詞，在visible調(diào)“別看得見”和“肯定看得見”不合文意；rarely為頻率副詞，加進(jìn)去表示“有時(shí)看得見，，barelyvisible（幾乎看不見）最符合文意。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：barely：Icouldbarelyseetheroadinthefog.(我在霧中幾乎不能看清路)。該詞含義與hardly和scarcely相近。[A]similar相似 [B]long長(zhǎng)[C]different不同 [D]short短[[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是 的運(yùn)用空格后的attentionspan力的持續(xù)間大約為半時(shí)，超過(guò)小時(shí)后，們就能夠集中力。隨著的增長(zhǎng)，人的注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間會(huì)增長(zhǎng)，成人一般能夠持續(xù)工作3～4小時(shí)。在此題中，應(yīng)該選擇short[[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系A(chǔ)varietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（組織各種各樣的活動(dòng)，participantscanremainactive（讓參加者保持活躍。本題要求考生判斷這兩部間是與目的的關(guān)系，這里需要一個(gè)表目的的連詞，因此只有sothat符合文意。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：ifonlyIfonlyMotherwerehere.（要是no；eventheresultwouldbethesame.（即使他來(lái)了，結(jié)果還是會(huì)一樣。([C]nothing(else)無(wú)其他事 [D]something(else)其他的事[[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：不定代詞用法辨析與else搭配。但是，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法的要求，anything用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，所以在此不適合?？誷omethingelse（繼續(xù)參tonight.我不認(rèn)為今天晚上還有其他什么事情要討論)；Hehadnothingelsetodoexcepttoreturntohisroom.（除了回房間，他沒(méi)有其他事情可做/別無(wú)選擇；Everythinelsedependsuponthat.（其他的每件事都取決于此。[A](let)off放出，饒恕，準(zhǔn)許……暫停工作[B](let)down使……失望[C](let)out放掉，，放大，出租[D](let)alone不管,不打[[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法辨析（教師應(yīng)該組織各種各樣的活動(dòng)，以便讓參加者保持活躍，然后轉(zhuǎn)而參與別的活動(dòng)，既不會(huì)感到內(nèi)疚，也不會(huì)讓其他參加者17eelingguilty并列的貶義詞組。即考生需判斷“不斷參加其他活動(dòng)”除了可能讓參與者自己內(nèi)疚外，還會(huì)讓其他人怎么樣。選項(xiàng)中的副詞都可以與let搭配，但只有l(wèi)etothersdown（讓其他人失望）give，go，keep，leave，let，look，make，put，set，take，turn，throw等等。[A]Onthecontrary相 [B]Ontheaverage按平均數(shù)計(jì)[C]Onthewhole總的看 [D]Ontheotherhand另一方[[本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：意思是完全對(duì)立的，即后一部分與前一部分相反。選項(xiàng)中只有Onthecontrary能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這種含義。注意Ontheotherhand強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事物存在兩面性，并存兩種可能性。如：Heisclever,butontheotherhand,hemakesmanymistakes.（他很聰明，但從另一方例句補(bǔ)充：“Haveyounearlydone?”“Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjust（—你差不多做完了吧？—恰恰相反，我剛剛開始）Womenmakeontheaverageonlytwo-thirdsofwhatmenearn.（平均算來(lái)，女性的收入僅是收入的三分之二）；Youhavemadeafewmistakesbutonthewholeyouhavedonewell.（你犯了幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，但總體[C]nning(for)計(jì)劃，打算，策[D]takingfor)[[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析文中相關(guān)部分theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forroles（成人能夠幫助學(xué)生獲得一種責(zé)任感，通過(guò)（為他們）……一些角色，其中介詞by表明_19forroles是helpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitment的方式和。commitmentfor搭配構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，考生關(guān)鍵需要判斷哪個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可與roles搭配，并符合文意。nningfor填入空格后表示“策劃創(chuàng)造一些（合適的）角色”，可以看作是“幫助學(xué)生獲得責(zé)任感”的，而且它還與前面提到的nactivities，avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized相呼應(yīng)。allo，answer，apply，arrange，ask候，cravefor（渴望），fallfor（深信，傾心于），goinfor（），hopefor（希望），，hunt，have，long，pray，speak，search，thirst，wantfor（缺少）wishfor（希望，yearnfor（思慕。[A]capability能力，性能，容量，接受力[B]responsibility責(zé)[C]proficiency熟練，精 [[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析空格所在句子是helpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentbynningforrolesthatarewithintheir_20andtheirattentionspans，其中that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞roles除proficiency和efficiency，它們不能和within搭配，且句意不符。選項(xiàng)responsibility有很大干擾性，因?yàn)樗恰癱ommitment”的近義詞，但考生需仔細(xì)考慮一下，此處“responsibility”修飾的是“roles”，“角色”是需要付諸實(shí)踐的行動(dòng)，和“responsibilitycapabilities符合句意的要求，填入空格后意為“一些學(xué)生能力范圍和在其注意力持續(xù)時(shí)間之內(nèi)的角色”，既表示學(xué)生有能力完成，也承接上文，說(shuō)明學(xué)生的注意力還可以集中。狀態(tài)、情況”，如：proficiency=proficient精通+cy，efficiency=efficient有效率的+cy，innocence=innocent天真的+ce，urgency=urgent緊急的+cy，emergency=emergent緊急的+cy；capability=capable能干的+ility，responsibility=responsible+ilityjuvenility=juvenile青少年的+ity，servility=servile奴性的+ity三、全文翻譯教師應(yīng)當(dāng)青少年在成長(zhǎng)時(shí)期所經(jīng)歷的情感、心智和生理上的變化。同時(shí)他們還應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這些年輕人如何適應(yīng)這些變化加以思考。青少年成長(zhǎng)中,身體需要運(yùn)動(dòng)和鍛煉，但這并不戰(zhàn)，所以他們的自我意識(shí)很強(qiáng)。他們需要有成功后的自信，并且需要自己的成就受到別人的欽多寫訊學(xué)生，書種小型可提供多種多樣的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)培養(yǎng)青少年的才能，也能提供青少年成功參與集體團(tuán)體里，成人提供的支持處于幾乎看不見的隱蔽地位。續(xù)時(shí)間之內(nèi)的角色來(lái)培養(yǎng)他們的責(zé)任感。第二部分閱讀理解試題解析A第一篇一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分析 整篇文章主要斯特雷福公司為典型例子，說(shuō)明互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 俗易懂，論證特點(diǎn)是夾敘夾議第一段：以著名比爾?多諾汶為，段尾提出文章的：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在改變作第二、三段：進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)促使了一種新的行業(yè)的誕生，運(yùn)用這種互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)以獲取的。接著文章以斯特雷福公司為典型事例，說(shuō)明很多公司在這一趨勢(shì)中獲益。在寫作手法上，以時(shí)間順序?yàn)橹骶€，利用例證法說(shuō)明段落。二、試題具體分析TheemergenceoftheNethas receivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedtheinligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasaprofession[答案]B

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn) 得到了多諾汶這樣的網(wǎng)迷的支改變了收集工恢復(fù)了許多平常的消遣活使復(fù)興成為一個(gè)職[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題關(guān)于A選項(xiàng)，文章第一句，若WildBillDonovan還在世的話，他會(huì)愛上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的，即一定會(huì)利用它來(lái)進(jìn)行工作。句子使用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣（wouldhaveloved，這說(shuō)明多Net,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.”。其中的“Donovan’svocation”指的就是services（·選擇D選項(xiàng)的考生在于對(duì)“reshape”和“revive”的詞義差別區(qū)分不清。這里的“revive”是主要意義是“tocomeorbringbackintouseorexistence”(<使>恢復(fù)，<使>復(fù)興，<使>復(fù)歸使用)，暗含的意思是某事物已經(jīng)不存在或已經(jīng)喪失作用。在第一段中并沒(méi)有談到間行曾經(jīng)信息在二段，們知互網(wǎng)出推動(dòng)行業(yè)發(fā)，也沒(méi)有到任何有關(guān)行業(yè)曾經(jīng)中斷的信息。而選項(xiàng)C所對(duì)應(yīng)的原文是“re-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail郵件等?？忌⒁鈪^(qū)別“restore”和“re-make”的含義。原文中的“re-make”的含義是“re-create（改變，重新創(chuàng)造。即重新創(chuàng)造一種消遣方式：人們現(xiàn)在足不出戶，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)購(gòu)書或發(fā)電子郵件。這當(dāng)然不是恢復(fù)平常的消遣活動(dòng)。有關(guān)。restore的含義主要有：①bringbackintoexistenceoruse；reestablish（使恢；②bring③put(someone)backinaformerposition（使復(fù)職，把（）放回原來(lái)地位Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto

introducethetopicofonlineshowhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformationwarhonorhisuniqueservicestothe文中提到多諾汶的故事是為 為網(wǎng)上這個(gè)話題提供開[

提供信息戰(zhàn)的一個(gè)片表彰他為中情局所做出的杰出貢[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者意圖題來(lái)，了解文章的大致和觀點(diǎn)也可以幫助我們吃透細(xì)節(jié)。本文只在第一段提到比爾·多諾汶，其余部分討論的都是工作在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的巨大變大的可能性，因此文章的中心議題是工作和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)系。多諾汶作為一個(gè)大只是為文章展開討論前提供了一個(gè)，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他B、C、D選項(xiàng)雖然可能都與多諾汶的生平事跡有關(guān)，但是與文章無(wú)關(guān)，因此都不正確。Thephrase“makingthebiggestssh”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.causingthebiggestexertingthegreatestachievingthegreatestenjoyingthewidestpopularity[答案]C[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：詞義題

段落中的“makingthebiggests（第三段第一行）最可能的意思 引起最大的麻做出最大的努取得最大的成受到最廣泛的歡收集具有越來(lái)越重要的影響，局也對(duì)它。然后第三段又列舉了“司特雷福公司”這個(gè)典型的例子，說(shuō)它是在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的佼佼者。makingthebiggestssh的含義是“tocreateaful,favorable,andnoticeableeffect”，即創(chuàng)造一種強(qiáng)有力的、良B選項(xiàng)也是錯(cuò)誤的。DItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that.straitford’spredictionhasprovedtrue truthfulnessofitsinformationstraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictabilityreliableinformation[

從文章第四段推論出其中的暗示 斯特雷福公司關(guān)于的預(yù)測(cè)已經(jīng)[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：推理引申題第四段的主要內(nèi)容是：Friedman將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為一個(gè)雙向的工具，既用來(lái)收集信息，又用來(lái)發(fā)布信息。然后以的例子說(shuō)明網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動(dòng)的實(shí)際作用。該段的最后兩句：公飯的。這就暗示司特雷福公司能夠提供相當(dāng)可靠的，因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。B100%可靠。從常理上來(lái)說(shuō)，這也是不可能的。A選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法沒(méi)有根據(jù)，因?yàn)樗咎乩赘９局皇菍?duì)的局的反饋。C選項(xiàng)的說(shuō)法在文中也找不到根據(jù)，因?yàn)槲闹兄惶岬剿咎乩赘９咎峁┑男畔⒕哂胁豢深A(yù)測(cè)的特點(diǎn)，并不是說(shuō)它的業(yè)務(wù)也有不可預(yù)測(cè)的特征。trustworthy，trusty。這些詞的中心含義都是“worthyofrelianceortrust（值得依 Straitfordismostproudof officialnonconformistefficientmilitarybackground[答案]B

司特雷福公司最引以自豪的 [A]地不隨大流的形它的有效率的員它的軍方背[解析 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題文章最后一句直接，司特雷福公司對(duì)其“independentvoice（獨(dú)立”感到（局外人”的地位，不對(duì)的腔調(diào)隨聲附和，可以獨(dú)立地宣稱自己的主張，因此它給人的但是公司本身并不附屬于軍方，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)在文中也找不到依據(jù)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：nonconformist中前綴non-表示“非，不”，conformist原來(lái)的含義是指“上遵奉國(guó) formist的含義包括“非國(guó)，不墨守成規(guī)的（人。三、試題命制分析考點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)點(diǎn)評(píng)命題專家設(shè)置的5道試題考查的范圍覆蓋了