D)TheyaresoldatlowerpricesthaninotherA)TomaintainfriendlyrelationshipswithotherToavoidbeingputoutofbusinessinToattractmorecustomersintheTofollowthecustomofthelocalSectionDirections:hithissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingLetteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofTheycarryntseedsandspreadthemtofarawayTheydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingTheycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofA)TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticTheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringtheTheyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeTheytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchofA)They emore Theypoisonedsomeof Thewerecarriedbythe TheywerelessthanontheA)TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticTheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetoThediminishingcoloniesforArcticThethreatshumansposetoArcticQuestions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Ithasremainedbasicallythe IthasbeenIt ebetter IthasA)ItisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforItdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenariansnotactivelyItcallsformoreintensiveIthashadnoeffectivecuresoA)TheycherishtheirlifemorethanTheirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesTheirqualityoflifedeterioratesTheycaremoreabouttheirphysicalSectionDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeyedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleLinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)TheyformthebasisonwhichhebuildshistheoryofTheywerecarriedoutoveraperiodofsomethirtyTheyweredonebyhisformercolleagueatTheyarefocusedmoreonattractionthanA)TherelationshipcannotlastlongifnopassionisItisnotloveifyoudon’twishtomaintaintheRomanceisjustimpossiblewithoutmutualIntimacyisessentialbutnot yindispensabletoA)WhetheritisturelovewithoutWhichofthemisconsideredmostHowtherelationshipistobedefinedifanyoneisWhentheabsenceofanyonedoesn’taffecttheQuestions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)ThehistoryofsocialSocialworkasaAcademicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkTheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialA)Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialTheyraisepeople’sawarenessoftheTheycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheTheyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheA)TheyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirTheyareallmembersoftheNationalTheyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialTheyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicalA)Socialworkers’joboptionsandresponsibilities.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople's2016—12六級試題(第2套)第3頁(共22頁)TheimportanceoftrainingforsocialThepromotionofsocialworkers’socialQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)Tofightchildhoodobesity.B)Tohelpdisadvantaged

TourgekidstofollowtheirroleToencouragekidstoymoreA)TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTheybestboostproductsaleswhenputThey ingmoreandmoreTheyimpresskidsmorethantheydoA)DowhattheyadvocateinAlwayscekids'interestPayattentiontotheirimagebeforeMessagepositivebehaviorsatallSectionPart Reading (40Directions：thissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselect■wordforeachblankfromaListofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.ReadthePleasemarkthecorrespondingLetterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasingleLinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter—wherelifeisstableandintenselyhuman—aredisappearing.Somehave26fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave27changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan28machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have29inthemodernworldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization30moresuccessfullythanothers.Inntingandharvesttimeonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilies,withthemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses.Inrailwayorbus31AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith32Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies,theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheir allives,theirfamilies?communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften33byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveainflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodern34andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress.ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishforngthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime,forafterall,theyaregoodfarmerswho35thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A)B)C)D)E)F)G)H)I)M)J)N)K)O)L)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoEachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaLetter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetCountriesRushforUpperHandinOnaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峽灣)andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarctica’sfirstOrthodoxchurchonahilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnow,laborershaveupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartof’sntooperatefivebasesonAntarctica,completewithanindoorbadmintoncourtandsleequartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,’sfuturisticnewBharathibase,builtonstilts(柱子)using134interlockingshipcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncednstobuildbases?Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtonttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestocomethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandcommercialopportunitiesthatalreadyexist.Theneweryersarestepintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of-the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷)，foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuarieshere.SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsfromAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwateronthenet.NationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsaliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationBuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica，partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsarennedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.ElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughofsolidice.“Youcanseethatwe’reheretostay，”saidVladimirCheberdak,57，chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebvonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.Antarctica’smineral，oilandgaswealtharealonger-termprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere，shieldingcoveted(令人垂誕的)reservesofironore，coalandchromium,comesupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite金伯利巖)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.BeyondtheAntarctictreaties，hugeobstaclespersisttotaptheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardizeoffshoretforms.ThenthereisAntarctic’sremoteness.withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargerthanEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaccessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica’streaties,possiblyallowingmorecommercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgeIslandofferaglimpse intothe longgame onthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,eroding theswaylongheld bycountries liketheUnitedStates,Britain,AustraliaandNewT)BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeonthenet’sdriest,windiestandcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths. hasarguablythefastest-growingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopenedits stationlastyearandispressingaheadwithnstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisonenet'scoldestces. officialssaythe expansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch,buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout“resourcesecurity”influencetheir'snewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgeIslandmakestheRussianandbaseshereseemoutdated.“Wedoweathermonitoringhereandother(,NingXu,53，thechiefofthe base，saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard(暴風(fēng)雪inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak，withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,amicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthof'sAntarcticoperationssincethe1980s.“Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,”hesaid.AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthree,year.roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1，000peopleduringthe.,hemisphere’ssummer,includingthoseattheAmundsen-Scottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlycominaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakerstheRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinScholarswarnthatAntarctica’spoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent'streatiescomeupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting()signalsfromsalitesorretaskingsalitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicinligenceoperations.Somecountrieshavehadahardtimehere,Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984，butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyin2012，thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough,aBrazilian0130HerculesmilitarytransportnehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile’sairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedin2014.However,Brazil’sstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesfor ,withawinningthe$100millioncontractin2015torebuildtheBrazilianstation.Amidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbasein2014，describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia'shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuilditsfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitnnedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesin“TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean,AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover，”SaidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica.“TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.”Accordingto officials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificEffortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia’sobWithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmerica’sdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.Accordingtogeologists’estimates,AntarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronThedemandforenergyresourcesmaycompelrenegotiationofAntarctica’streatiesbeforetheirManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica’sharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsre-Withcompetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.AmericanscientistscominaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）?YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingAnyvennicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So*itisargued,stripcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisn’twhytheernment—underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty—hasagreedtolegislateforstandardisedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstce.inpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstonarcotics（麻醉劑Naturally,thetobaccoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhyernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive（懲罰性的）duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsinpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaccoisoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovember2010andconsultedthrough2012.ButthenwassuspendedinJuly2013.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameron’selectionndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewadviser’soutsideinterestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovember2013，afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidtheernmentwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveavotebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedtheernmenttotamethetobaccotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforinpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarre2006lament(嘆惜)thatchocolateorangescedseductivelyatsupermarketcheck-outsfueledobesity.Theernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealth,butwithsuchover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaccocompanies.WhatdochainsmokersthinkofcigaretteFancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewIthaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofinpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupIthaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitWhathasthe ernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaccoPassalawtostandardisecigaretteRidcigarettecartonsofallSubsidisecompaniestoadoptinReclassifycigarettesaccordingtoWhathashappenedinAustraliawhereinpackagingisPrematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghaveThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheThesalesoftobaccosubstituteshaveincreasedCigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheWhyhasittakensolongforthe ernmenttoconsiderinPrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeThereisstrongoppositionfrom nnicotine -ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtoPressurefromtobaccomanufacturersremainsWhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketTheyfueledalotof C)TheymademoreBritishpeopleTheyattractedalotof D)TheyhadcertainingredientsPassageQuestions51to55arcbasedonthefollowingWhatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof￡44,000ofdebt,studentsgetahaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom￡l,000to￡9,000inthelastdecade,butcontacttimeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn’tevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob；sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderit efashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethancon-tricks(3商術(shù)).There'salotforstudentstocominabout；therepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgraduateshavetostartrepayingtheirloans；andmaintenancegrantshavebeenrecedbyloans,meaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn’tworkout,studentspayvery—ifany-oftheirtuitionfeesback；youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning￡21,000ayear.Almosthalfofgraduates—thosewhogoontoearnless—willhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It’snotjustthelecturesandtutorialsthatareimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybenefitwhileatuniversity；studiesshowtheygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniversitieslikevultures(兀鷹).Manytopfirmsnotevenlookatapplicationsfromthosewholacka2.1，i.e_，anupper-secondclassdegree,