被動語態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice)

Tom

broke

thewindow.

（主動語態(tài)）①

②

③Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.（被動語態(tài)）③

②

①英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)（前者表示句子的主語為動作的發(fā)出者，后者表示句子的主語為動作的承受者。）

注意：只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。1.被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be+

過去分詞(PP)+(by…)2.如何從主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)？1.Theboy

broke

theglass.Theglass

wasbrokenbytheboy.2.Theboy

isreading

abook.Thebook

isbeingreadbytheboy.1.主語2.謂語3.賓語介詞by賓語be+過去分詞主語1、Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

2、Allthepeoplelaughedathim.

3、Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.

Thebikesaremade

bytheminthefactoryHewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.3.主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)對照表時(shí)態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2一般過去時(shí)3一般將來時(shí)4過去將來時(shí)5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)8過去完成時(shí)9含情態(tài)動詞am/is/are+過去分詞do/doesdidshall/will+動詞原形would+動詞原形am/is/are+doingwas/were+doinghave/has+過去分詞had+過去分詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形was/were+過去分詞shall/will+be+過去分詞would+be+過去分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞was/were+being+過去分詞had+been+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞注：被動語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由第一個(gè)be動詞助動詞或情態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成。2.人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化體現(xiàn)在be動詞上，而過去分詞在任何時(shí)態(tài)中都不改變。被動語態(tài)舉例①TheGreatWallwasbuiltmorethan2000yearsold.②AnewbridgeisbeingbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.③Theprojectwill(isgoingto)befinishednextmonth.④Manytreeshavebeenplantedaroundthelake.

⑤Oldpeopleshouldbetakencareof/lookedafter.⑥Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthelibrary.7.Nobodylikesbeinglaughedat.8.Nobodylikestobelaughedat.被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題1.可接雙賓語的動詞帶有雙賓語的主動句，變被動句時(shí)，一般把“人”提前做主語；將“物”提前則要在“人”的前面加to或for.Eg:Igavehimabookyesterday.---Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.---Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.2.帶to不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的復(fù)合賓語ask/tell/allow/encourage/promise…sb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)：①Peopleshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.Teenagerstochoosetheirownclothes.

②Theyencourageustoplantmoretrees.Wetoplantmoretrees.shouldbeallowedareencouraged3、接動詞原形做賓補(bǔ)的動詞變被動語態(tài)使役動詞(let,have,make等)或感官動詞(see,hear,watch,等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式省略to，改為被動語態(tài)時(shí)一定要補(bǔ)上to。①Iheardhimsinginthenextroom.---Hesinginthenextroom.②Theymadeusdoallkindsofwork.---Wedoallkindsofwork..注：當(dāng)使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，doing不變。如：Isawhimgoingintothe

shop.(主動)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被動)washeardtoweremadeto4、主語從句漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”等常見的賓語從句句型。

It’ssaid/reported/believed/that…據(jù)說/報(bào)道/認(rèn)為…

It’ssuggestedthat…有人建議…

It’swellknownthat…眾所周知…eg:ItwasreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.據(jù)報(bào)道，一個(gè)老人在大街上慢慢走著的時(shí)候，被一輛快速從旁邊經(jīng)過的汽車撞倒了。

Itisreportedthatwhenanoldmanwaswalkingonthestreetatalowspeed,hewasknockeddownbyacarpassingbyatahighspeed.5、沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組1.不及物動詞如happen,appear,belongto,takeplace,breakout等無被動語態(tài)Atrafficaccident_____________(happen)justnow.2.連系動詞無被動語態(tài)，如feelsmelllooksoundtaste等。PekingOpera__________(sound)beautiful3.表狀態(tài)的動詞無被動語態(tài)，如haveownIhaveabike.happenedsounds4.wash,write,sell,wear此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時(shí)候，不用被動語態(tài),常用副詞well,easily修飾。

Thebooksellswell.(這本書銷路很好)Thisdresswasheseasily.(這衣服較好洗)Thepenwritessmoothly.（這支鋼筆寫起來很流暢）

5.need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用動名詞表被動。

Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thenovelisworthseeing.注意：need后可接動名詞表被動，又可接動詞不定式的被動形式。：Thedeskneedsrepairing.Thedeskneedstoberepaired.1.Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,______well.A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold2.—Excuseme.I'mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.—Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor______out.A.issellingB.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold3.HanHan’sbooksarepopular.They_______bymanyteenagers.A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.wereread4.—Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.—Morechances_______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering5.—Didn’tyouseethesign“NoParking!”ontheright?—Sorry,Ididn’t.ButnowIknowparking_______here.A.wasn'tallowedB.isn'tallowedC.won'tallowD.doesn'tallow6.Thechildwithoutparents______goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.A.istakenB.aretakenC.takeD.takes7.—Haveyoufinishedyourproject?—Notyet.I’llfinishitifI_______tenmoreminutes.A.giveB.amgivenC.willgiveD.willbegiven8.Thispairofshoes_______hand,andit______verycomfortable.A.ismadewith;isfeltB.aremadefrom;isfeltC.aremadeof;feelsD.ismadeby;feels9.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea________withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isse