專題14閱讀理解

Afterbeingbornattheendof1932,MrCameronSeniorsufferedalotwithbothlegs

shortenedbelowthekneeandhisfeettwisted.Hewentundernumerousoperationstoeasehispain,

andeventuallybothlimbs（下肢）hadtobecutoff.Butdespitehisdisabilityandlaterlosingthe

sightinoneeye,MrCameronSeniorstillgainedasuccessfulcareerasastockbroker（股票經(jīng)名己

人）.

AftermovingtoEnglandfromScotlandasachild,hemarriedMaryandthecoupleraised

fourchildrenatthefamilyhomeinPeasemore,Berks.

InaninterviewwithTheDailyTelegraphtwoyearsago,theToryleaderdescribedthe

experienceofgrowingupwithafatherwithadisability.Hetoldhowoncetheywereonholidayin

Cornwall,heoverheardsomeonerudelysaying："Thatguy'swearingfimnyboots."Mr

Cameron（英國前任首相卡梅倫）saidhethoughttohimself,"That'sodd,nooneeversaysthat.^^

InanITVinterviewbeforethegeneralelection,MrCameronsaidofhisfather,"He'san

amazinglybravemanbecausehewasbornwithnoheels-quiteadisability.Buttheglasswithhim

washalf-full,normallywithsomethingalcoholic,IthinkIgotmysenseofoptimismfrom

MrCameronalsoappearedwithhisparentsataneventandsaidthattheyunderstoodhisidea

for“ABigSociety”.

“TheyshowedmehowabigsocietycouldworkeverydayIwasgrowingup,“hesaid,"I

knowwhataremyresponsibilities.^^MrCameronSenior'sdisabilityisnotthoughttohaveplayed

anypartinhisdeathaged77.Friendssaidhewas“soproud,,toseehissonbecomePrimeMinister

inMay,andhadvisited10DowningStreetandChequers.However,thefamily'svariousholiday

plansmeantthathedidnotgettomeethislatestgranddaughterFlorence,whowasdeliveredtothe

PM'swifeSamanthalastmonth.

語篇解讀本文主要介紹了英國前任首相卡梅倫的父親，一位身有殘疾卻憑著堅韌毅力

取得非凡成就的股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人。

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.ThelifeandcharacterofMrCameronSenior.

B.Ahugeherofigureintheeyesofson.

C.ThenewlyelectedPrimeMinister.

D.Adisabledfatherandhiscareer.

2.Inthetext,theunderlinedpart"theToryleader^^inParagraph3refersto"

A.MrCameronSenior

B.TheDailyTelegraph

C.aleaderinthegovernment

D.FormerPrimeMinisterDavidCameron

3.WhenMrCameronheardtherudewords,.

A.heexplodedwithangerallofasudden

B.hethoughtthemanwastoofoolish

C.hewasshockedandunabletounderstand

D.heexpecteditalongtimeago

4.AccordingtoMrCameron,“ABigSociety,,means"

A.peopletakeuptheirdutiesinthesociety

B.therearenumbersoffamiliesinthesociety

C.muchfreedomwillbeofferedtothepeople

D.manyeventswilltakeplaceinthefuture

5.Fromthelastparagraphwecanknowthat.

A.FlorencewasadoptedbythePM'swife

B.thedisabilitycausedMrCameronSeniordeath

C.MrCameronSeniorlivedin10DowningStreet

D.MrCameronSeniortookaprideinhavingsuchason

二、

EnriqueIglesiasisamostsuccessfulsinger!Bornin1975inMadrid,Spain,Enriqueisthe

childofthefamoussingerJulioIglesias.Enrique^motherisajoumalist.Hisparentsdivorcedin

1978.AlthoughEnriquelivedwithhismother,shesenthimtolivewithhisfatherbecauseof

concernsaboutherson'ssafety.Enriquewantedtobeasingersecretly,hedidn'twishhisfatherto

knowthatanddidn'twanttoliveunderhisshelter.Hesoughthisdreamonhisown.

Enriquereleased（發(fā)行）hisfirstalbum“EnriqueIglesias5*in1995.Thisalbumhada

collectionofrockballads（民謠）andfivesinglesfromitwentstraighttothetopspotsinLatin

music.Thisalbumwasfollowedbyanother“Vivir”in1997.Threesinglesfromthisalbum

occupiedthetopspotsontheLatinchartsyetagain!Enriquealsofoundhimselfnominated（提名）

forthe"FavoriteLatinArtist"attheAmericanMusicAwards.By1998,hehadreleasedhis3rd

album,€lCosasDelAmor".ThisyearEnriquewonthe“FavoriteLatinArtist"."Bailamos“gothim

greatfame.Oneofthesongsinthisalbumwasalsousedinamovie.Withthesuccessof

“Bailamos"，Enriquenowalreadyhadmanyloyalfans.Thealbum,“Enrique"，wasreleasedin

1999.

Theyear2001broughtmoresuccessforhim.Hisalbum,“Escape"hadafewsinglesthat

reachedthetopspots.Enriquebecameahouseholdname.Thisalbumishisbiggestsuccessful

albumsofhr."Hero"and"Don'tTurnOfftheLights“soonturnedEnriqueintoasuperstar.His

nextreleasein2002wasaSpanishalbum"Quizas”.ThisalbumbroughtEnriquea“Latin

GrammyAward"fortheBestPopVbcalAlbum.In2007,hereleasedanotheralbum"Insomniac”

andthesong“DoYouKnow“becameaninstantlypopularsong.

語篇解讀本文講述了西班牙歌手安立奎?伊格萊希亞斯的個人經(jīng)歷。

6.Afterhisparentsdivorced,Enriquewassenttohisfather'sbecause.

A.hecouldbeprotectedfromsomedangers

B.hecouldlearnsingingfromhistalentedfather

C.hismotherwouldbeabletofocusonhercareer

D.hisfathercouldteachhimhowtobehavecorrectly

7.Enriquedidn'ttellhisfatherabouthisdreamingofbecomingasingerbecause

he.

A.wantedtotryanewsingingstyle

B.hatedhisfatherforhiscarelessness

C.didn'twanttobenefitfromhisfather'sfame

D.plannedtogivehisfatherasurprisewhenhesucceeded

8.Whichofthefollowingalbumshasasongadoptedinamovie?

A."Vivir”.

B.”Bailamos".

C."EnriqueIglesias”.

D.”CosasDelAmor”.

9.Thethirdparagraphisdevelopedmainlyby.

A.followingtheorderofhisalbums9influence

B.analyzingthestyleofhisalbums

C?makingcomparisonsofhisalbums

D.followingtheorderoftime

10.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.EnriqueIglesias'LuckyLife

B.BiographyofEnriqueIglesias

C.EnriqueIglesias'SecrettoSuccess

D.EnriqueIglesias5WonderfulSingingSkills

三、

It'shardtofindAliceMunrointhemedia.Evenaftershewonthe2013NobelPrizein

Literature,theCanadianwriterjustappearedforaquickinterviewandthendroppedoutof

sight.OnDec29th,shestilldidn'tseekthespotlightwhenshewasnamedoneofthefiveWomen

oftheYearbytheFinancialTimes.

InMunro'seyes,ordinarylivesalwayshidelargerdramas.Sosherecordswhatwecasually

thinkofastheeverydayactionsofnormalpeople.Sheoftenfocusesonlifeinherhometown,a

smallvillageinOntariowhichsheismostfamiliarwith.Shewritesabouttheordinarythingsinthe

village—treesintheOntariowilderness,poorcountryschoolsandlonglastillnesses.AbovealL

shetalksaboutgirlsandwomenwhohaveseeminglyordinarylivesbutstruggleagainstdaily

misfortune.

Shehasaspecialtalentforuncoveringtheextraordinaryintheordinary.Theseareordinary

people,ordinarystories,butshehasthemagic.Herpreciselanguage,depthofdetailandthelogic

ofherstorytellinghavemadeherstoriesinviting.

Runaway,oneofMunro'srepresentativeworks,isagoodexampleofherwritingstyle.One

ofthestoriescentersonthelifeofanordinarywomanCarla,wholivesinasmallCanadiantown

withherhusbandClark.ThestoryslowlyformsapictureofCarla,trappedinabadmarriage,her

unhappinessbuildingintodesperationuntilshedecidestoflee.ThestoryofCarlaisastoryofthe

powerandbetrayalsoflove.Itisaboutlostchildrenandlostchancesthatwecanallfindin

life.Thereispainbeneaththesurface,likeaneedleintheheart.

Sinceshepublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstoriesin1968,Munrohaswonmanyawards,

withtheNobelPrizebeingherbiggesthonor.OnOct10lh,2013,theNobelPrizecommitteenamed

Munrothe“masterofthecontemporaryshortstory”.

語篇解讀本文介紹了AliceMunro及其創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格。

11.WelearnfromParagraph1thatAliceMunro.

A.didn'tgetonwellwiththemedia

B.wassurprisedatwinningtheNobelPrize

C.didn'tvaluethetitleofWomenoftheYear

D.remainedmodestthoughverysuccessful

12.ManyofAliceMunro'sworks.

A.centeronthehappylifeofcountrywomen

B?areaboutbetrayalsofloveandviolence

C.focusoneverydaylifeofordinarypeople

D.areromanticstoriessetinherhometown

13.WhatmakesAliceMunro'sstoriesfascinatingaccordingtothetext?

A.Thecomplicatedplots.

B.Herrichimagination.

C.Thehumorouslanguage.

D.Herwritingtechniques.

14.InherrepresentativeworkRunaway,Carla.

A.triestorunawayfromherhusband

B.isafaithfulwifetoherhusband

C.leadsahappylifewithClark

D.losesallhopesforabetterlife

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.AliceMunroandherhometown.

B.AliceMunroandherwritingstyle.

C.AliceMunro'srepresentativeworks.

D.TheawardsAliceMunrowon.

四、

Since2011,theformerrailwayengineerhasbeendrivingaroundthecityeverysingleday,

lookingforabandonedtar（柏油）andgravel（碎石）onroadsides.Hecollectsthematerialanduses

ittofillpotholes（坑洼），attimesspendinghisownpensionmoneytodoit.Tilak,earninghimself

thenickname“roadengineer"，doesn'trestricthimselftohisneighborhood—hepatchesupevery

potholehecanfindinthecity.

"AfterworkingfortheSouthCentralRailwayinIndiafor35years,IretiredinOctober2008

andspentsometimeoffin2009,alsotravelingtotheUStomeetmyson,“Tilaktoldthelocal

media.4tInJanuary2010,Icamebackandtookupajobasaconsultantinasoftwareagency.^^

“IwasdrivingtomyfirstdayofofficewhenIendedupsplashingdirtymudwateronschool

childrenaftermycarfellintoapotholeontheroad,”herecalled/'Thenafewmoreaccidents

followedatvariousplaces."Hekeptexplainingtothepolicethattheseaccidentswouldn'thave

occurrediftheroadshadbeensmooth.Butthenhewitnessedamajoraccidentthatchanged

everything.

Tilakdecidedtotakechargeofmattershimself.46Afterthat,Iquitmyjobandforthenext

yeartillJune2012,Ispentmypensionmoneyinfixingroads,“hesaid.

Tilak'swifewasworriedabouthishealthandcalledhissontotalksomesenseintohim.But

thesonwassoimpressedthatheendeduphelpingTilakinstead,bysettingupawebsiteand

Facebookpage.Asmoreandmoreresidentsgottoknowofit,theybegantoshowupandhelp

Tilakfixthecity'spotholes.Today,theyevenhaveahelplinewherepeoplecancalltocomplain

aboutpotholesintheirareas.

Tilak'ssonalsomanagedtogetthegovernmentontheirside.Tilakdoesn'tacceptdonations,

butheencouragespeopletojoininthephysicalwork.Hehopesthatwithmediaattention,hecan

inspireachangeintheattitudeofthegeneralpublic.Hebelievesthatthe“nothing-can-be-done”

attitudeiswhatlimitsalotofpeopleinthecity,andhewantsthattochange.

語篇解讀文章主要講述了Tilak在印度中南部鐵路工作了35年，退休回到家后繼續(xù)

用自己的錢修復(fù)破壞的公路的事。

16.WhatwasTilak'smission?

A.Togetpaidlittleforhiswork.

B.Tobuytarandgraveltofixroads.

C.Torecyclematerialstomendroads.

D.Togetfinancialhelpfromthegovernment.

17.WhatmadeTilaktakeupthejobtofixroads?

A.Loveforchildren.

B.Astrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.

C.Apassiontomakecontributionstosociety.

D.Eagernesstoreturntowork.

18.WhatistherightdescriptionaboutTilak?

A.Hebegantofixroadsfromhisretirement.

B?Hetookupthejobasaconsultantfor3years.

C.Heextendedhismissiontootherneighbors.

D.HewasoncearailwayengineerworkingintheUS.

19.WhatdoesTilakencouragepeopletodo?

A.Takeactiontomakeadifference.

B.Quittheirjobstoservetheirneighbors.

C.Fillpotholestobeanother4troaddoctor”.

D.Takepartinthephysicalworkbutnotbrainwork.

20.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheThingThatEveryoneShouldHave一WarmHeart

B.TheStrongestSupportIsfromFamilyMembers

C.TheRetirementIsNottheEndofCareer

D.TheRespectableManIsWorthyofHisName—RoadDoctor

五、

Doyoueverwishforalittlemoretimetodoeverythingyouneedtodo?Well,onJuly1

yoirilbegettingit-butonlyonemoresecond.

OnJuly1atexactly7：59：59a.m.Beijingtime(oronJune30at23：59：59UTC,

CoordinatedUniversalTime),theworld'satomic(原子的)clockswillpauseforasinglesecond,

or,moreprecisely,changetotheunusualtimeof7：59：60,accordingto.The

additionofaleapsecond（閏秒），announcedbytheParisObservatory,istokeepourclocksintime

withtheslowingofEarth'srotation（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.

Justoneextrasecondcouldcausebigproblemsandaffectthewaycomputersandwebsites

work,however.Whenthelastleapsecondwasaddedbackin2012,morethanafewwebsiteshad

sometrouble.AsreportedbyP,popularsiteslikethecommunitywebsiteRedditcrashed

whentheleapsecondwasadded.

ForReddit,theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfused

whenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond.

SpeakingtoWiredabouttheproblembackin2012,LinuxcreatorLinusTorvaldscommented：

“Almosteverytimewehavealeapsecond,wefindsomething.It5sreallyannoying,becauseit's

coded弋碼）thatisalmostneverused,andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnonnalconditions.^^

Companieshavehadtothinkoftheirownsolutions,andGoogle's"leapsmear^^maybethe

best-knownexample.AscompanyengineerChristopherPascoeexplainsinablogpost,companies

usuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedayso

thattheyplaythatsecondagain.

However,Pascoebelievesthiscreatesproblems.Heasked：”Whathappens?Doese-mailthat

comesinduringthatsecondgetstoredcorrectly?”

Googlehasasolution：Cuttheextrasecondintomillisecondsandthenpultheselinyamounts

oftimeintothesystemthroughouttheday."Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextra

secondatmidnight,"saysPascoe/'Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourse

oftheday.^^

FormanycompanieswithoutGoogle'smoney,however,theleapsecondwilllikelystill

causesomecrashes.Don?tworry,though——atleastitwon'tlastlong!

語篇解讀本文主要介紹了“閏秒”帶來的影響及其解決方

案。

1.Whydoweneedtoaddaleapsecond?

A.Theworld'satomicclocksaresettodoso.

B.Tokeepintimewiththeworld'scomputers.

C.TokeepatomicclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth'srotation.

D.Torecordthechangestoastronomicaltime.

2.WhathappenedtothewebsiteRedditwhentheleapsecondwasaddedin2012?

A.Itcrashedbecauseofavirusattack.

B?Itsnetworktimeaddedtwoextraseconds.

C.AllofthecodeinitsLinuxsystemwentwrong.

D.Oneofitssoftwaresystemsgotconfusedandthesitebrokedown.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something“refertointhe5thparagraph?

A.Thecodenotworkingproperly.

B.Theextrasecond.

C.Theproblem.

D.Normalconditions.

4.Howdocompaniesusuallydealwiththeproblemoftheextrasecond?

A.Byshuttingdowncomputersattheendoftheday.

B.Bystoppingreceivingemailsthatcomeinduringthatsecond.

C.Byturningtheclocksbackbyonesecondattheendoftheday.

D.Bycuttingtheextrasecondintomillisecondsthroughouttheday.

5.What'sChristopherPascoe'sattitudetowardGoogle'ssolutiontotheproblem?

A.Unfavorable.B.Doubtful.

C.Approving.D.Cautious.

六、

Soapingupyourhandsmaydomorethanjustgetridofgerms.ltmaywashawaytheinner

confusionyoufeelrightafterbeingforcedtomakeachoicebetweentwoappealingchoices,

accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudybuildsonpastresearchintoaphenomenonknownas"the

Macbetheffect”.

ItturnsoutthatShakespearewasreallyontosomethingwhenheimaginedLadyMacbeth

tryingtocleanherconscience（良心）byrubbinginvisiblebloodstainsfromherhands.Afewyears

ago,scientistsaskedpeopletodescribeapastwrongact.Ifpeoplewerethengivenachanceto

cleantheirhands,theylaterexpressedlessguiltthanpeoplewhohadn'tcleaned.

ThisfindingfascinatedW.S.Lee,aresearcher.“Anythingfromthepast,anykindofnegative

emotionalexperiences,mightbewashedaway,"saysLee.

Hedecidedtotesthandwashing'seffectononekindofbadfeeling：thetensionwefeelafter

beingforcedtochoosebetweentwoattractivechoices,becausepickingonechoicemakesusfeel

thatwe'velosttheother.Peopleusuallytrytocalmthisinnerconflictbylaterexaggerating（夸大）

thepositiveaspectsoftheirchoice.

Hehadstudentsrank10differentmusicCDs.ThenheofferedstudentsoneCDasagift.Some

studentsthenusedliquidsoap.Othersonlylookedatthesoaporsniffed（嗅）it."Actually,youdo

notneedwaterandsoap,"saysLee.

Later,thestudentsagainhadtorankallthemusic.Peoplewhodidn'twashtheirhandshad

thenormalresponse—theyscoredtheirtake-homeCDhigher,suggestingthattheynowsawitas

evenmoreattractivethanbefore.Butthiswasn'ttrueforthehandwashers.Theyrankedthemusic

aboutthesame/'Theyfeelnoneedatalltojustifythechoice,“saysLee.

Buttheimplicationsofitjustaren'tclear.Schwarzsaysit'stoosoontoknowwhetherpeople

shouldheadforasinkaftermakingatoughchoice.Hesayswashingmayhelpdecision-makersby

cleaningawaymentaldisorder,butperhapsiftheydon'tgothroughtheusualpost-decision

processofjustifyingtheirchoice,theymightfeelmoresorrowinthelongrun.

語篇解讀本文主要講述了用香皂洗手會幫助人們緩解作決定時的緊張與不安的

情緒。

6.TheMacbetheffectreferstothefactthat.

A.peoplefeellessashamedafterwashingtheirhands

B.soapingupone'shandmayhelpwashawaytheinnerconfusionandmakeadecision

C.peoplefeellessguiltybygettingridofinvisiblegermsfromtheirhands

D.ShakespearedidscientificresearchbeforewritingMacbeth

7.AccordingtoLee,afterpeoplemakethechoice.

A.theywilloverstatethegoodnessoftheirchosenchoice

B.theywillfeelregretfulfornotchoosinganother

C.theywillfeelfreeduetothefeelingoflosingtheotherchoice

D.theywillthinknothingoftheirchosenchoiceanymoretocalmtheirinnerconflict

8.AccordingtoLee,thosehandwashersconsiderjustifyingtheirchoice.

A.morescientificB.unnecessary

C.alittleconvincingD.absolutelyuseless

9.WhatdoesSchwarzneedtoresearchmore?

A.Whetherpeopleneedtojustifytheirchoice.

B.Whetherpeoplefeelmoresorrowafterwashinghands.

C.Whetherwashinghandshelpoveralongperiodoftime.

D.Whetherwashinghandsishelpfultomakeachoice.

10.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.IsWashingHandsNecessarytoDefeatTension?

B.WashingHandsWashesOurMind

C.WashingHandsHelpsMakeaBetterChoice

D.WashingHandsReducestheStressofDecision

七、

Youknowthesaying"You'reasyoungasyoufeeF\Well,theremaybesometruthinthat,

accordingtoresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.

EllenLanger,aHarvardpsychologistwhostudieshowthemindinfluencesthebody,andher

colleaguesreviewedthescientificliteratureforevidencethataperson'scerceplionoftheirage

mightinfluencetheirhealth.TheypublishedtheirresultsinthejournalPerspectiveson

PsychologicalScience.

InonestudythatLangerled,47womenhadtheirhairdone.Thewomenwhothoughttheir

newhairdos（發(fā)型）madethemlookyoungerdidlookyoungertoobjectiveobservers,whowere

shownbefore-and-afterpictures.Thewomenwhothoughttheylookedyoungeralsoshowedadrop

inbloodpressure.Anotherstudyinvolving4,421menfoundthatthosewhobecamebald（禿頂）at

arelativelyyoungageweremorelikelytogetcancerandheartdiseasethanmenwhodid

not.Similarly,anotherstudyinvolving2,017menfoundthatthosewholosttheirhairearlywere

morelikelytodevelopheartdisease/'Webelievethatthefeelingsassociatedwithbeingolderthan

one'srealageaccountfbrsomeofthesehealthoutcomes,“theresearcherswrote.

Theresearchersalsodescribedstudieswhichfoundthatwomenwhohadchildrenlaterinlife

weremorelikelytobehealthierandlivelongerthanthosewhohadchildrenearly,whichthey

attributedtothefactthatthesemotherstendtospendmoretimewithyoungerwomen.Similarly,

peoplewhomarryyoungerpartnerstendtolivelongerthanthosewhomarryolderpartners,

accordingtootherstudies.

Takentogether,theresearchsupportsthegeneralmind-bodyhypothesis（假說）thatwhena

youngermindisprepared,ayoungerbodycanaccompanyit.Whilethemechanism（機制）remains

unclear,theresearchersfiguredthatsuggestionsassociatedwithagingcanmakeone

unconsciouslyorconsciouslyawareofoldageandsetinmotionaseriesofphysiological

processesthatcanhaverealeffectsonshort-termandlong-termhealth.

語篇解讀本文為說明文，題材為科普知識類。覺得自己更年輕的人更健康也活得更長。

11.Theunderlinedword“perception“inParagraph2means"

A.viewB.appearance

C.influenceD.creation

12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

A.Bloodpressureiscloselyrelatedtohairdos.

B.Feelingolderthanone'srealagemaybetiedtohealthproblems.

C.Gettingcancerorheartdiseaseisthecauseofhairlosing.

D.Thewomenwholovehairdoslookyoungerthanthosewhodon't.

13.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that.

A.ayoungermotherismorelikelytolivelonger

B.theyoungeroneofacouplelivesmuchlonger

C.oftenstayingwithyoungerpeoplecanbenefitpeople'shealth

D.peoplewhowanttolivelongerneedtomarryyoung

14.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.

A.gettingbaldtooearlyisnotgoodforhealth

B?womenhadbettergivebirthlaterintheirlife

C.peoplewhomarryyoungerpartnerstendtolivelonger

D.people'sviewoftheiragemayhaveaneffectontheirownhealth

15.Fromwhichpageofanewspaperisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Entertainment.B.Health.

C.Economy.D.Politics.

八、

Whenyouwanttothrowsomethingoutas“junk"，bettertakeasecondthoughtasitmaybe

ofgreatvalue.Infact,scientistsmadethesamemistakewithDNAyearsago,andnowtheyare

tryingtogelilright.

WeoftensaythatDNAisakindofacidthatcontainsourgenes.Butthetruthisthatgenes

onlymakeup1to2percentofourDNA,whichcausedscientiststobelievethattherestofitis

useless.

Nevertheless,insteadofdoingnothing,junkDNA,asitiscalled,turnedouttobeplaying

animportantpartinourbody.Ifgenesarelikelightbulbs,thenjunkDNAactsasswitches.

Theycontrolwhichgenesareusedinacellandhowactivetheyare.Forexample,theycan

determinewhetheracellbecomesalungcelloraneuron（神經(jīng)元）.

Thestudy,publishedinthejournalNatureonSeptember5,startedin2003,and442scientists

from30labsaroundtheworldwereinvolved,accordingtoReuters.ltisconsideredthebiggest

breakthroughingenomics（基因?qū)W）inadecadebecauseitmighthelpscientistsfindthecauseof

certaindiseases.

Ithaslongbeenknownthatmanycomplicateddiseases,suchascancer,arecausedbytiny

changesinDNA.Butnowscientistsrealizethatmostofthechangesoccurnotinthegenes

themselves,butinthe’junk"partoftheDNA.Theyareabletokeeptrackofhowandwhythe

switcheschangeandthenfigureoutnewtreatmentsanddrugs.

“OurformerunderstandingofDNAwaslikegettingapictureofEarthfromspace,“Eric

LanderfromtheBroadInstitute,US,toldTheNewYork77〃?es."Youknowtheplanetisthere,

butyoucannotseeexactlywhatit'slikeonthesurface.^^

Butnowwiththenewstudyresult"youcanfollowtheroadsandseethetraffic

circulation.That^exactlythesamewaywewillusethisdataincancerresearch,"explainedMark

RubinfromWeillCornellMedicalCollegeinNewYork.

語篇解讀本文主要介紹了垃圾DNA其實在我們的身體中也扮演著重要的角色。

16.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.DNA一TheCauseofCancer

B.WhatIsDNA?

C.ANewDiscoveryfor“JunkDNA”

D.AMisunderstandingofGenes

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“getitright“inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.DiscoveringnewtypesofDNA.

B.RecognizingtheimportanceofjunkDNA.

C.UnderstandingtherolegenesplayinDNA.

D.TellingusefulDNAfromuselessone.

18.TheauthorexplainshowdifferentpartsofDNAworkby.

roducingageneraltheory

b.makingametaphor（比口俞）

c.givingexamples

d.displayingresearchdata

A.a,cB.b,c

C.a,dD.c,d

19.Theresultsofthestudymentionedinthearticleshowthat.

A.canceriscausedbytinychangesingenesthemselves

B.thestudyofjunkDNAislessimportantthanthestudyofgenes

C.changesinjunkDNAdonotaffectgenes

D.junkDNAisveryimportantforthefunctioningofourcells

20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMarkRubinagreewith?

A.Thefindingsofourgenesareenoughtofightagainstcancer.

B.Thebattleagainstcancerwillbewonwithintwoyears.

C.ThefindingsofjunkDNAthrowlightonhowwemightcurecancer.

D.ThenewtreatmentsanddrugswillchangejunkDNAquickly.

九、

Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreseriousinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thefactthat

publicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen,open

spaces.And,inthesesurroundings,theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.ltisraretosee

peoplebeingatoddsorevenfightinginagarden.ltseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscan

fr