被動語態(tài)復習A.熟記結構被動語態(tài)的結構為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（p.p）”。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數方面應與主語保持全都。其詳細變化為：一般現在時：am/is/are+p.p.一般過去時：was/were+p.p.一般將來時：shall/willbe+p.p.現在完成時：have/hasbeen+p.p.現在進行時：am/is/are+being+p.p.過去將來時：should/wouldbe+p.p.含情態(tài)動詞的被動結構：情態(tài)動詞+be+p.p.例如：（DChinesebythelargestnumberofpeople.A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken②Theboytogetsupperreadyafterschool.A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells?AlotofnewroadsbuiltinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.haveB.明確用法被動語態(tài)常用于以下兩種狀況：.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者；.強調動作的承受者。例如：這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。Thetreebythatboy.C.嫻熟轉換.將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的基本方法為：①將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語;②謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e+及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)；③主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結構中的謂語動詞之后。（有時by短語可以省略）。.被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特別疑問句的語序為：疑問詞+一般疑問句。例如：（DYoumustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.Thebrokenpotteryatonce.（同義句）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?（改為被動語態(tài)）Wherevegetables?D.留意特例將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應留意幾個特別狀況：1.含雙賓語的主動結構變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，有兩種方法：①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞t?；騠or引導。例如：①Hetoldusastory.（變被動語態(tài)）->Weweretoldastory（byhim）.或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim.②Hermothergaveheranewpen.（變被動語態(tài)）Anewpenherbyhermother.2.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn'tfromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway②ShewiHtakegoodcareofthechi1dren.（變被動語態(tài)）Thechildrenwill（byher）..含有復合賓語的主動結構變被動結構時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。留意：省略to的不定式作賓補時，不定式符號to必需補上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.（變被動）HeswiminQianlingLakeyesterday..不定式的被動結構：動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)為“tobe+過去分詞”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooistoinourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built.以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉換成被動句時要留意詞序：應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍舊放在句子開頭。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup?（改為被動語態(tài)）-^Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?E.留意區(qū)分被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)分：1）含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較：Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。（系表結構）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。（被動語態(tài)）2）用法不同：過去分詞作表語時可以被so,very,t。。等程度副詞修飾，而被動語態(tài)則不能用so,very,too修飾，而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修飾。試比較：Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他對科學有極大愛好。（系表結構）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidnrtknowwhattodo.我被那種場面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動語態(tài)）F.牢記（相關）句型學校教材中與被動語態(tài)相關的句型有：becoveredwith被掩蓋bemadeof由制作（發(fā)生物理變化）bemadefrom由制作（發(fā)生化學變化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造beusedfor被用來beusedas被當作（作為）來使用beusedtodosth.被用來做某事Itissaidthat...據說Itishopedthat...盼望11iswe11knownthat...眾所周知例如：①一Yourcoatlooksnice.Isitcotton?一Yes.It!sShanghai.A.madeof；madebyB.madeof；madeinC.madefor；madebyD.madefor；madein(DThismachineisusedtheroomwet.A.forkeepingB.askeepingC.keepD.tokeeping③據說在南京長江上又在建一座橋。thatisbeingovertheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.幾種特別的被動語態(tài).帶不定式的被動語態(tài)。Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那個孩子確定會由于那件事受罰的。.帶介詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。？Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.這件事前所未聞。.帶副詞的動詞短語的被動語態(tài)。Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音機剛剛被關上。.當sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等動詞若有狀語well,easily,badly來修飾時，用主動形式表達被動意義。?????Thepenwriteswell.這枝鋼筆寫字流暢。Thebookse11swe11.這本書很暢銷。被動語態(tài)專項練習一、選擇題(??)1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is；built?????????B.Was；built????C.Does；build???D.Did；build(??)2.Anaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened?B.washappened?C.ishappened???D.happened(??)3.Cotton(棉花)inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown?????????B.aregrown?????C.grows????????D.grow(??)4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisited?????????B.willbevisited??C.hasbeenvisited?D.wasvisited(??)5.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven??????????B.hasbeengiven??C.willbegiven??D.gives(??)6.Howmanytrees thisyear?A.areplanted???????B.wi1lplant???????C.havebeenplanted?D.planted(??)7.Alotofthings bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing?????????B.arebeingdone??C.hasbeendone?D.willbedone(??)8.一一Whenthiskindofcomputers?一一Lastyear.A.did；use??????????B.was；used???????C.is；used??????D.are；used(??)9.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knows???????????B.knew??????????C.isknown??????D.wasknown(??)10.Whothisbook ?A.did；written???????B.was；writtenby??C.did；written????D.was；written(??)11.Astory byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldus???????B.wastoldtous????C.istoldus??????D.toldus(??)12.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.A.jump????????????B.jumps??????????。jumped???????D.tojump(??)13.Theschoolbag behindthechair.A.puts?????????????B.canbeput???????C.canbeputted??D.canput(??)14.Olderpeople well.(??)15.Ourteachercarefully.????A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelisten???C.belistened???D.islistened二、用括號內所給動詞的正確形式填空。1?It'ssaid(據說)thatthelongbridge(build)intwomonths.Wheretohavethemeeting(discuss)now.Whichlanguagethemostwidely(speak)intheworld?Thelostboy(notfind)sofar.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees(cut)down.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.Vegetables,eggsandfruits（sell）inthisshop.Whatknives?（make）of?They（make）ofmetal（金屬）andwood.Canthemagazine（take）outofthelibrary?Theroom（clean）bymeeveryday.Thestarscan,t（see）inthedaytime.Someflowers（water）byLiMingalready.Thiskindofshoes（sell）well.三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。IsteagrowninSouthChina?（改為主動語態(tài)）peopleteainSouthChina?lamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.（同義句轉換）Abirthdaypresent???bymyparentseveryyear.Theworkisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.（對劃線提問）How?theworkgoingtobefinished?ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong,（改為被動語態(tài)）?AnEnglishsong??bythechildren.Youneedn'tdoitnow.（改為被動語態(tài)）?Tt??byyounow.Peopleusemetalformakingniachines,（改為被動語態(tài)）?Metal??makingmachines.Hemademedothatforhini.（改為被動語態(tài)）?I???thatforhim.Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.Thefootballmatch????bythem.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?（改為被動語態(tài)）?abridgeherebythemayearago?Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.（改為被動語態(tài)）?Thelightgreendresses??out.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.（改為被動語態(tài)）Thegame?"Lianliankan"byus.四、依據所給漢語完成句子，一空一詞。（1X10=10分）①Thenewbike ? ?（買給我）bymyparentsasapresentlastweek.②yourmobi1ephone??（是國產的嗎）？（3）Thewho1emountainis?（掩蓋）thesnow.強化訓練.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatdinner.A.arenotkept；willhavetoB.arenotkept；haveC.donotkeep；willhavetoD.donotkeep；haveto.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,areandperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped.-thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes,italldependsontheweather.needonemorestampbeforemycollection..Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture..Thenewsuspensionbridgebytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit..Greatchangesinthecity,andalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup.Thatsuitover60dollars..-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whafstheprettysmallhousethat_fbr?.-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,itverysoft.12.1tisdifficultforaforeignerChinese.A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written13.Ihavenomoreletters,thankyou.M.TakecarelDon^droptheinkonyourshirt,foriteasily.A.won^washoutB.won^bewashedoutC.isn^washedoutD.isn^washingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto16.ThecomputersonthetableProfessorSmith.17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.It9sworthasecondtime.18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed.Thispageneededagain..^anytimes^theboystilldidn^knowhowtodotheexercises.Itissaidthatanewrobotbyhiminafewdays.A.designed B.hasbeendesignedC.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned.Wearelate.Iexpectthefilmbythetimewegettothecinema.A.willalreadyhavestarted B.wouldalreadyhavestartedC.shallhavealreadystarted