英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1.

DiscoveringaLostBrother

KieronGrahamalwaysknewhehadanelderbrothernamedVincent．Hisadoptionpapers，（1）________（sign）whenhewasthreemonthsold，listedabrothernamedVincentbutnolastname．ThoughKieronspentyearsthinkingaboutVincent，hecouldnevertrackhimdown．

ThatchangedinDecember2017，whenKieron'sadoptiveparentsgavehimanDNAtestasaChristmasgift．Whenhisresultscameback，hewassurprised（2）________（find）hehadalotofDNAmatchesforrelativeswhohadalsotakenthetest．Mostweredistantconnections，butonematchwassostrongthatit（3）________（label）"closefamily．"HisnamewasVincentGhant．KieronlookedforhimonFacebookandsoonmadeapossibleconnection．

Whentheyconnected，itwas（4）________theyhadknowneachothertheirwholelives．Astheytalked，thebrothersrealizedtheylivedabout20minutesfromeachother．（5）________（surprisingly），theyattendedthesameuniversityandmajoredandminoredinthesamesubjects．

VincentwasninewhenKieronwasbornandrememberscaringforhisbabybrother．Buttimesweretough，andShawn，whoworked15﹣plushoursadayasanurse，decidedthat（6）________（place）Kieronforadoptionwouldgivehimthebestchancetosucceed．

"Shewasveryemotionalaboutthattime，tothepoint（7）________itwashardforhertoputintowordsanythingaboutwhathappened，"Vincentsays．

Nowthebrothershadthechancetomakeupforlosttime．Theydecidedtomeetatalocalteashopthatweek．OneofVincent'sconcernswasthatKieron（8）________hatehisbirthfamilyforplacinghimforadoption．HewasrelievedKierondidn't，and（9）________he'dgrownupinalovingfamily．Afterthatfirstmeeting，thebrothersplayedfootballtogetherandcelebratedChristmaswiththeirfamilies．"We'llkeepgrowingourrelationship（10）________it'stimetoleavethisplanet，"saysVincent．Thatshouldn'tbehard．AsKieronsays，"We'vegotyearsandyearstocatchupon．"

SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第1頁。2.

A．motiveB．deliberatelyC．convincedD．injuriousE．a(chǎn)lertsF．desperatelyG．sweptH．a(chǎn)ccountsI．unconsciousJ．preservingK．charging

WhyHumpbackWhales（座頭鯨）ProtectOtherSpeciesfromKillerWhales

RobertPitman，amarineecologist，describesanencounterhewitnessedinAntarcticain2009．AgroupofkillerwhaleswereattackingaWeddellseal．Thesealswam（1）_______towardapairofhumpbacksthathadinsertedthemselvesintotheaction．Oneofthehumpbacksrolledoveronitsback，andthesealwas（2）_______ontoitschest，betweenthewhale'smassiveflippers（鰭）．"Thatincident（3）_______me，"hesays．"Thosehumpbacksweredoingsomethingwecouldn'texplain．"

Pitmanstartedaskingotherresearchersandwhalewatcherstosendhimsimilar（4）_______．Soonhewasreadingthroughobservationsof115encountersbetweenhumpbacksandkillerwhales，recordedover62years．"Therearesomeprettyastonishingvideosofhumpbacks（5）_______killerwhales，"hesays．

Ina2016articleinMarineMammalScience，afamousscientificjournal，Pitmanandhisco﹣authorsdescribethisbehaviourandconfirmthatsuchactsofdo﹣goodingarewidespread．Butknowingthatsomethingishappeningandunderstandingwhyit'shappeningaretwodifferentthings．Pitmanandhisco﹣authorsopenlyreflectedonthemeaningoftheseencounters．"Why，"theywrote，"wouldhumpbacks（6）_______interferewithattackingkillerwhales，spendingtimeandenergyonapotentially（7）_______activity，especiallywhenthekillerwhales…wereattackingotherspeciesofprey？"

Interestingly，humpbacksdon'tjusthitonkiller﹣whaleattacks．Theyracetowardthemlikefirefightersintoburningbuildings．Andlikethoserescueworkers，humpbacksdon'tknowwhoisindangeruntiltheygetthere．That'sbecausethesoundthat（8）_______themtoanattackisn'tthesadvoiceofthevictim．It'stheexcitedcallsofthekillerwhales．Pitmanbelieveshumpbackshaveonesimpleinstruction："Whenyouhearkillerwhalesattacking，gobreakitup．"

Iwonderwhathumpbackwhalescaredeeplyenoughabouttoactivelyswimintobattlewithkillerwhales．WhenIaskPitman，hetellsmethat，itstillcomesdowntoselfishly（9）_______theirownkind．Hebelievesthattheiroccasionalrescuesofhumpbackcalves（后代）createastrongenough（10）_______forthemtorushintohelp，evenifitmeanstheyendupsavingsunfish，sealions，dolphinseverynowandthen．英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第1頁。

III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第2頁。3.

The

truepurposeofabusiness,

PeterDruckersaid,

istocreateandkeepcustomers．"Customervalue"hasseveraldefinitions．Iusethe（1）_______tomeanthetotallifetimevalueofacompany'scustomerbase．Companiescanincreasethisvalueby（2）_______morecustomers,

earningmorebusinessfromexistingones,

keepingthemlonger,

makingtheirexperiencesimplerthroughdigitalimprovementsandsoon．（3）_______leadershavelongunderstoodtheimportanceofconcentratingoncustomervalueratherthanpursuingshort﹣termprofitsorquarterlyearnings,

andthey'vebecomeenduringcustomerloyaltyleadersintheprocess．It'sworthnotingthatanumberofloyalty﹣leadingcompaniesareableto（4）_______shareholderpressure,

oravoiditaltogether,

becausetheyarefounder﹣led,

customer﹣owned,

ornotpubliclytraded．

Companiescan（5）_______customervalueinavarietyofways:

Toincrease（6）_______,

enterprisesoftwarecompaniessometimeschargecorporatecustomerschangefeesthatcanraisethetotalcostofownershiptoasmuchasthreetimestheoriginalprice．Toreduceoperatingcosts,

restaurantchainssometimes（7）_______frozenandprecookedingredientsinplaceoffreshandmade﹣to﹣orderfood．Theresultingprofitsmaylookgoodontheincomestatement．Suchstrategiesmayevenleadtoshort﹣termearningsgrowth．Buttheyalso（8）_______potentialcustomersandencouragedisloyalty．

Giventheimportanceofcustomervalue,

leadersshouldtrackitasmuchastheytrackotherkeyassets（資產(chǎn)）,

suchasbuildings,

machinery,

andmarketablesecurities．Theyalsoshouldrevealitintheirquarterlyandannualearningsreleasessothatinvestorscanmake（9）_______judgmentsaboutcompanyperformanceandhowitcompareswiththatofindustrypeers．Butmostcompanies（10）_______believethatmeasuringcustomervalueistoodifficultorcostly．Theycontinuetorelyonacenturies﹣oldaccountingtraditionthatemphasizesphysicalandfinancialassets,

andneitherincomestatementsnorbalancesheetsoffermuch（11）_______intothevalueofacompany'scustomers．

As

investorswakeuptotheimportanceofcustomervalue,

however,

manygrowth﹣stagecompaniesnowdirectinvestors'attentionto（12）_______ingrowingthevalueoftheircustomerbase．Somepubliccompaniesincreasinglyreportvarioustypesofcustomervaluemetrics（指標(biāo)）．OneoftheUK'stopenergysuppliersE．ON,

（13）_______,

reportsyear﹣over﹣yearcustomercountsinitsfinancialreport．"Asacustomer﹣focusedcompany,

"E．ONnoted,

"weseecustomervalueascrucialtooursuccess．"

This

isastart,

butbecausetherearenocustomer﹣valuereportingstandardsorrequirements,

investorsstillhavea（n）（14）_______picture．Theminorityofcompaniesthatdoprovidecustomervalueinformationdecideforthemselveswhattodisclose．（15）_______,

firmsmaycalculatecustomermetricsdifferentlyorchangethemtotelladesiredstory,

orsimplystopreportingthemiftheyfailtogowiththecompany'spreferrednarrative．

（1）英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第2頁。A

item

B

version

C

term

D

definition

（2）A

persuading

B

consulting

C

acquiring

D

inspecting

（3）A

Considerate

B

Visionary

C

Determined

D

Powerful

（4）A

resist

B

relieve

C

intensify

D

maintain

（5）A

raise

B

adopt

C

calculate

D

destroy

（6）A

income

B

experience

C

productivity

D

demand

（7）A

separate

B

substitute

C

forbid

D

combine英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第3頁。

（8）英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第3頁。A

appealto

B

relyon

C

putdown

D

scareoff

（9）A

informed

B

subjective

C

definitive

D

independent

（10）A

fully

B

hardly

C

readily

D

wrongly

（11）A

suspicion

B

extension

C

literacy

D

visibility

（12）A

sacrifice

B

success

C

prejudice

D

expense

（13）A

asaresult

B

forexample

C

onthecontrary

D

ingeneral

（14）A

incomplete

B

depressing

C

convincing

D

vivid

（15）A

Instead

B

Further

C

Otherwise

D

Therefore

SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第4頁。4.

Aristotlethoughtthefacewasawindowontoaperson'smind．Ciceroagreed．Twothousandyearspassed,

andfacialexpressionsarestillcommonlythoughttobeauniversallyvalidwaytojudgeotherpeople'sfeelings,

irrespectiveofage,

sexandculture．Araisedeyebrowsuggestsconfusion．Asmileindicateshappiness．

Or

dothey?

Ananalysisofhundredsofresearchpapersthatexaminedtherelationshipbetweenfacialexpressionsandunderlyingemotionshasuncoveredasurprisingconclusion:

thereisnogoodscientificevidencetosuggestthattherearesuchthingsasrecognizablefacialexpressionsforbasicemotionswhichareuniversalacrosscultures．Justbecauseapersonisnotsmiling,

theresearchersfound,

doesnotmeanthatpersonisunhappy．

This

mayraisequestionsabouttheeffortsofinformation﹣technologycompaniestodevelopartificial﹣intelligencealgorithms（算法）whichcanrecognizefacialexpressionsandworkoutaperson'sunderlyingemotionalstate．Microsoft,

forexample,

claimsits"EmotionAPI"isabletodetectwhatpeoplearefeelingbyexaminingvideofootageofthem．Anotherofthestudy'sauthors,

however,

expressedscepticism．AleixMartinez,

acomputerengineeratOhioStateUniversity,

saidthatcompaniesattemptingtoobtainemotionsfromimagesoffaceshavefailedtounderstandtheimportanceofcontext．

For

astart,

facialexpressionisbutoneofanumberofnon﹣verbalways,

suchasbodyposture,

thatpeopleusetocommunicatewitheachother．Machinerecognitionofemotionneedstotakeaccountoftheseaswell．Butcontextcanreachfurtherthanthat．DrMartinezmentionedanexperimentinwhichparticipantswereshownaclose﹣uppictureofaman'sface,

whichwasbrightredwithhismouthopeninascream．Basedonthisalone,

mostparticipantssaidthemanwasextremelyangry．Thenthewholepicturewasshown．Itwasafootballplayerwithhisarmsoutstretched,

celebratingagoal．Hisangry﹣lookingfacewas,

infact,

ashowofpurejoy．

Giventhatpeoplecannotguesseachother'semotionalstatesmostofthetime,

DrMartinezseesnoreasoncomputerswouldbeableto．"TherearecompaniesrightnowclaimingtobeabletodothatandapplythistoplacesIfindreallyscaryanddangerous,

forexample,

inhiringpeople,

"hesays．"Somecompaniesrequireyoutopresentavideoresume,

whichisanalyzedbyamachine﹣learningsystem．Anddependingonyourfacialexpressions,

theyhireyouornot,

whichIfindreallyshocking．"

（1）Wecanlearnfromthesecondparagraphthat________．英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第4頁。A

facialexpressionsareuniversalacrosscultures

B

itishardtorecognizesomefacialexpressions

C

emotionsandfacialexpressionsmaynotberelated

D

commonfacialexpressionsconveysimilarmeanings．

（2）Inthepassage，theword"scepticism"（paragraph3）isclosestinmeaningto"________"．A

similarinterest

B

fierceanger

C

strongsupport

D

greatdoubt．

（3）TheexperimentmentionedbyDrMartinezmayprovethat________．A

facialexpressionisanimportantwaytocommunicate

B

machinerecognitionofemotionisnotreliableatall

C

facialexpressionisnottheonlywaytodetectfeelings

D

peoplemaymisreadfacialexpressionsforlackofcontext．

（4）Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus？________A

Facialexpressionsareamongthemostuniversalformsofbodylanguage．

B

Computerscandetectpeople'smindbyanalyzingtheirfacialexpressions．

C

Facialexpressionsmaynotbethereliablereflectionofaperson'semotions．

D

Companiescandependonmachinerecognitionofemotiontohirepeople．英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第5頁。5.

英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第5頁。

IMPROVEYOURWRITINGWRITINGINSPIRATIONGETPUBLISHEDRESOURCES

Foundedin1887,

TheWriteraimstoexpandandsupporttheworkofprofessionalwriterswithastraightforwardpresentationofindustryinformation,

writinginstructionandprofessionalandpersonalmotivation．Ifyou'repassionateaboutbooks,

authors,

andwriting,

you'llfindeverythingyouneedwithinourpages12timesayear．

Our

editorsareinterestedinqueryletters（投稿信）onconcretetopicswrittenbyemergingandexperiencedwriters．Wearelookingforcleartakeawayforourreaders:

Whatcantheylearntoimprovetheirwritingoradvancetheircareers?

Whatspecifichow﹣totipsandstrategieswillaccomplishthis?

In

additiontoafleshed﹣outoutlineofyourstoryideaandanestimatedwordcount,

queriesshouldincludeabriefdescriptionofyourbackground．Forpersonalessays,

wepreferwriterstoattachorpastethefinishedpieceintheirqueryemail．Wedonotacceptmaterialthathasbeenpreviouslypublishedinanyforminprintoronline．

Queriesshouldbesentbye﹣mailtotweditorial@madavor．com．Allqueriessenttoanyotheraddresswillbedeleted．

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oratleastsigningupforournewslettertogetafeelforthekindofworkwepublish．

Articlelengthsvarywidelyfrom300to3,

000words．

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recommendwritersaskthemselvesthefollowingquestionsbeforequerying．Itisn'tnecessarytoincludetheminyourquery,

butwefindit'sagoodwaytohelpusunderstandhowyourpiecebestfitsinourpages:

?

Howspecificallywillthisstoryideahelpourreadersbecomemoreinformedwriters?

?

Whyisthisparticularideatimelyorrelevant?

?

Whyareyoutheperfectpersontowritethispiece?

We

preferelectronicqueries．Pleasedonotmailqueries．

Paymentvaries．

ThankyouforconsideringasubmissiontoTheWritermagazine,

thevoiceofimagination,

creation,

andpublicationsince1887．

（1）Accordingtothepassage，TheWritermagazine________．A

providespracticalsuggestionsonawritingcareer

B

respondstoallthequerylettersfromthereaders

C

introducessuccessfulwritersandtheirworksonly

D

prefershandwrittenqueriestoelectronicones．

（2）Whensendingaqueryletter，acontributormust________．A

answerthethreequestionsfirst

B

attachaprintedversionofthestory

C

subscribetothemagazine

D

includeabriefself﹣introduction．

（3）Whatisthispassagemainlyabout？________A

Magazinerecommendations．

B

Submissionguidelines．

C

Publishedstories．

D

Subscriptioninformation．英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第6頁。6.

Therehas,

inrecentyears,

beenanoutpouringofinformationabouttheimpactofbuildingsonthenaturalenvironment．Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesign,

strivestoconvinceothersofitsefficacy（功效）andwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue．Seldomdothesedocumentsofferanyadvicetopractitioners,

suchasthosedesigningmechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuilding,

onhowtousethisknowledgeonapracticallevel．

Althoughthereareagoodmanyadvocatesof"green"constructioninthearchitecturalindustry,

abletolistenoughreasonswhybuildingsshouldbedesignedinasustainableway,

nottomentionplentyofarchitecturalfirmswithexperienceingreendesign,

thisisnotenoughtomakegreenconstructioncomeintobeing．Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding;

thatis,

thepersonfinancingtheproject．Iftheownerconsidersgreendesignunimportant,

orofsecondaryimportance,

thenmorethanlikely,

itwillnotbefactoredintothedesign．

The

commissioning（委任）processplaysakeyroleinensuringtheownergetsthebuildinghewants,

intermsofdesign,

costsandrisk．Atthepredesignstage,

theowner'sobjectivesandexpectationsarediscussedanddocumented．Thisgivesadesignteamasolidfoundationonwhichtheycanbuildtheirideas．Ownerswhoskipthecommissioningprocess,

orfailtotake"green"issuesintoaccountwhendoingso,

oftencomeacropperoncetheirbuildingisupandrunning．Materialsandequipmentareinstalledasplanned,

and,

atfirstglance,

appeartofulfiltheirpurposeadequately．However,

intime,

theownerrealizesthatoperationalandmaintenancecostsarehigherthannecessary,

andthattheoccupantsaredissatisfiedwiththeresults．Thesefactorsinturnleadtohigherownershipcostsaswellasincreasedenvironmentalimpact．

In

somecases,

anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign．However,

firmsshouldnottakeitasreadthattheclientalreadyhasanideaofhowgreenheintendsthestructuretobe．Indeed,

thisinitialinteractionbetweenownerandfirmistheidealtimeforadesignertooutlineandpromotethewaysthatgreendesigncanmeettheclient'sobjectives,

thusturningaprojectoriginallynotdestinedforgreendesignintoapotentialcandidate．

Typically,

whenconsideringwhetherornottoadoptagreenapproach,

anownerwillaskaboutadditionalcostsorreturnforinvestment．Inatypicalproject,

landscapearchitects,

mechanicalandelectricalengineersdonotbecomeinvolveduntilamuchlaterstage．However,

ingreendesign,

theymustbeinvolvedfromtheoutset,

sincegreendesigndemandsinteractionbetweenthesedisciplines．Thisincreasedcooperationclearlyrequiresadditionalcost．However,

theremaybefinancialadvantagefortheclientinchoosingagreenerdesign．Thereareexamplesofgreendesignswhichhavedemonstratedlowercostsforlong﹣termoperation,

ownershipandevenconstruction．

（1）Whatisthemainreasonforthelackofgreenbuildingsbeingdesignedaccordingtothepassage？________英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第6頁。A

Fewfirmshaveenoughexperienceindesigningandconstructinggreenbuildings．

B

Constructioncompaniesareunawareofthebenefitsofsustainabledesigns．

C

Firmsdonotgettodecidewhetherabuildingistobeconstructedsustainably．

D

Firmstendtoconvinceclientsthatotherfactorsaremoreimportantthansustainability．．

（2）Thephrase"comeacropper"probablymeans________．A

experiencemisfortune

B

changeone'smind

C

noticethebenefits

D

makeastart．

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage？________英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第7頁。A

Mostclientshaveaclearideaofwhethertheywantagreenbuildingatthebeginning．

B

Greenbuildingsaremostlikelytocostmoremoneythanconventionalbuildings．

C

Thecommissioningprocessoffersagoodopportunitytobringupthesubjectofgreendesign．

D

Firmsshouldavoidworkingwithclientswhorejectgreendesignsintheirbuildings．．英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第7頁。

（4）Thewriter'smainpurposeisto________．A

explaintheimportanceofcommunicationwhenabuildingiscommissioned

B

emphasizetheimportanceofgreenbuildingdesigninprotectingtheenvironment

C

explaintobuildingownerswhyignoringgreenissuesiscostlyanddangerous

D

informprofessionalshowtheycaninfluenceclientstochoosegreenerdesigns．

SectionCDirections：Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.7.

A．Theculturalbreakthroughcamein2014withaveryspecificpodcast﹣Serial．

B．Butifyouareacelebrity，podcastscanprovideanewbranchofbusiness．

C．Andnow，despitethegrowthinsmartphonesofferinghigh﹣definitionpictures，thepopularityofpodcastsisbooming．

D．Nowtheboominpodcastingembracesahugerangeoftalent，fromprofessionalbroadcasterstoenthusiastsofferinginsightsonanythingandeverything．

E．Podcastsofferachancetospeaktoaverypreciseselectionofpeople．

F．Butwheredidthistrendformakingportableaudioprogrammesbegin？英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第8頁。

ThePodcast（播客）Boom

DoyouprefertowatchTVorlistentotheradio？Therewasatimewhensomepeoplethoughtmovingpictureswouldspelltheendoftuningintotheradioforentertainmentandinformation．Butradiosurvivedandboomed．（1）________

Perhapsthegrowthinpodcastingisnotsurprising﹣itoffersadigitalaudiofilethatcanbedownloadedandstoredforlisteningatanytime．ItcanalsobestreamedfromtheinternetandplayedonacomputerorMP3player．Andit'snotjustbroadcasters，liketheBBC，whoareproducingpodcasts：nowcommercialbroadcasters，individualsandcompanieswithnoconnectiontobroadcastingaremakingthem．Infact，anyonewithsomethingtosay，andafewpoundstospendontheequipment，cangetinvolved．

Thedigitalaudiofilesarecheaptoproduceand，thankstotheinternet，easytodistribute．（2）________JournalistBenHammersleytoldtheBBCthat"twochangestransformedthemarket﹣oneculturalandonetechnical．"Atechnicalbreakthroughcamein2012whenAppleproducedtheiPhonepodcastapp，whichprovedapopularlibrarysystemforlisteners．Thiswasfollowedbyadramaticimprovementininexpensiverecordingproductionandeditingequipment．Finally，thedevelopmentof4Gmobilephoneconnectionsandwidespreadwi﹣fimeantlistenerscouldbrowse，downloadorstreamshowswhenevertheywanted．

（3）________ItwasapieceofinvestigativejournalismhostedbySarahKoenig，tellinganon﹣fictionstoryovermultipleepisodes（集）．Todate，thefirstandsecondseasonsoftheshowhavehadmorethan340milliondownloads．Advertiserssoonrealizedthemoney﹣makingpotentialofthisandothersuccessfulpodcasts．Andwheretheaudiencegoes，themoneyfollows．From2017to2018advertisingspendingonpodcastsintheUKwentfrom10.6m（￡8.5m）to19.7m，an85%increase，accordingtoOvum．

（4）________Infact，asBenHammersleyexplains，podcastinghasbroughtpeopleintobroadcastingwhowouldnormallyneverhaveseentheinsideofarecordingstudio．"Thereareofcourseprofessionalpodcasters，buttherearemanymorepeoplewhocreatequalitycontentanddoitfornothing，"hesays．"Andthatischangingnotjustthewaywelistentoaudiobutthewaythebroadcastingindustryworks．"英語-2020年上海市徐匯區(qū)高考英語二模試卷含答案全文共11頁，當(dāng)前為第8頁。

IV．SummaryWriting8.

Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．

TeachingChildrenaboutForgiveness

Ifyou'veseenyourchildrenstruggletoforgivesomeoneforhurtingthem，youknowthatforgivenessiscomplicated．Afterall，forgivenessiscomplicatedforadults，too．Attimes，wewonderwhywe'retryingtoforgivesomeoneanyway；later，wemightthinkwe'veforgiventhem，onlytoexperienceasuddenburstofanger．Indeed，ittakesmanyyearsforustograspthemeaningofforgivenessaswegrowup．

It'sunderstandablethatchildrenmayfeelhurtorangrywhenafrienddoessomethingless﹣than﹣kindtothem．Maybethefriendsaidsomethingunkindorbrokesomethingprecious，embarrassedthem，excludedthem，ortoldtheirsecrets．Childrenmaybetemptedtogetevenwithafriendwho'sdonethemwrong，bydoingsomethingworseortellingeveryonehowterriblethefriendis，buttryingtogetrevengeonlyescalates（升級）theconflict．

Parentscanplayanimportantroleinteachingchildrenaboutforgiveness．Childrenwatchhowimportantadultsintheirlivesrespondwhensomeonedoessomethingunkind．Dotheycomplaintoothersorspeakdirectlytothepersoninvolved？Howlongdoesittakethemtogetoverbeingmadorhurt？Howdotheygetoverit？Parentscanteachtheirchildrenaboutthevalueofforgivenessbyregularlypracticingitintheirownlives．

Sometimesparentscantalkwiththeirchildrenaboutforgiveness，basedonwherekidsareintheircognitive（認(rèn)知的）andemotionaldevelopment．Forexample，childrenneedtounderstandthatnooneisperfect，sogenerouslyforgivingawell﹣meaningfriendisacaringthingtodo．Ifparentscanhelpchildrenseethingsalittlemorefromotherpeople'sperspective，thiswillmakeforgi