2018高考全國Ⅱ卷英語試卷答案及解析2018年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷注意事項：1.答第I卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號寫在本試卷和答題卡相應位置上。2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號，不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents/carers,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.Formswillbeavailableinschoolandonlineforthemtoindicatetheirchoicesandreturntoschool.Beforechoicesarefinalised,parents/carerswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchild’schoices.ActivityDescriptionMemberofstaffCostOutdoorAdventure(OUT)Takeyourselfoutofyourcomfortzoneforaweek,discovernewpersonalqualities,andlearnnewskills.YouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.Learnrockclimbingandworkasateam,andenjoythegreatoutdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens￡140WWIBattlefieldsandParis(WBP)OnMondaywetraveltoLondon.AfterstayingovernightinLondon,wetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefields.OnDay3wecrossintoBelgium.ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.Ourfinalday,Friday,seesusvisitcentralParisandtourthemainsights.Mrs.Wilson￡425CraftyFoxes(CRF)Fourdaysofproductdesigncentredaroundtextiles.Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycledandmadematerials.Bags,cushionsanddecorations…Learnskillsandleavewithmodernandunusualtextiles.Mrs.Goode￡30PottyaboutPotter(POT)VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames,guidedtourofOxfordtoseethefilmlocations,picniclunchoutsideOxford’sChristchurch,boatingontheRiverCherwellthroughtheUniversityParks,beforeheadingbacktoExeter.MissDrake￡15021.Whichactivitywillyouchooseifyouwanttogocamping? A.OUT B.WBP C.CRF D.POT22.WhatwillthestudentsdoonTuesdaywithMrsWilson? A.TraveltoLondon. B.Seeaparadeandfireworks. C.TourcentralParis. D.VisittheWWIbattlefields.23.HowlongdoesPottyaboutPotterlast?A.Twodays. B.Fourdays. C.Fivedays. D.Oneweek.文體：應用文主題：文章主要提供給了孩子們四種不同類型的夏日活動以及相關具體信息。21.答案：A細節(jié)題解析：根據題干中關鍵信息gocamping定位到文中第一個表格OUT中內容：YouwillbeabletotakepartinanumberofactivitiesfromcanoeingtowildcampingonDartmoor.可知答案選A22.答案：D細節(jié)題解析：根據題干中Mrs.Wilson以及Tuesday這兩個關鍵信息定位到第二個表格中內容：WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrancetovisittheWorldWarIbattlefield.此處的第二天指的就是題干中的Tuesday，可知答案選D。23.答案：A細節(jié)題解析：根據題干中關鍵細節(jié)PottyaboutPotter可將定位到文中第四個表格第二排信息：VisitWarnerBrosStudio,shopstoptobuypicnic,stayovernightinanapprovedYouthHostelinStreatley-on-Thames···.其中overnight是過一夜的意思，因此可以得知PottyaboutPotter應該會持續(xù)兩天，可知答案選A。BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.Whatisthebesttittleforthetext?ConversationCounts.WaysofMakingSmallTalkBenefitsofSmallTalkUncomfortableSilence【解析】32.答案C細節(jié)題解析：根據題干的關鍵詞“firstparagraph”定位到文章的第一段，根據內容surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence,表達含義是：圍繞著一些，就像我們這樣的，專注手機的人或者更為糟糕的是在這種令人不舒服的寂靜中掙扎，所以選項C正確。33.答案B細節(jié)題解析：根據題干的關鍵詞“successfulsmalltalk和Carducci”定位到文章的第三段Carducci所說的三句話，分別是smalltalkisthegreaseforsuccessfulcommunication;almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginwithsmalltalk;最核心的句子是最后一句：Thekeytosuccessfultalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.表達含義是：成功談話的關鍵是學會如何和別人產生聯(lián)系而不僅僅是和他們交流，所以選項B正確。34.答案D細節(jié)題解析：根據題干的關鍵詞“coffee-shopstudy”定位到文章的第四段第一句末尾，根據兩組對比產生的結果：Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.表達含義是：結果顯示這些和服務員閑聊的人都會報告說有更積極的感受和更好的咖啡店的體驗，所以選項D正確。35.答案C主旨題解析：根據題干的關鍵詞“besttitle”得知這是一道主旨大意題，所以這道題只有縱觀全文，當然可以借助前面兩道題的題干知道文章關鍵詞就是“smalltalk”，所以鎖定B和C項，再結合文章大意得知文章重點描述：小對話的好處而非如何進行小對話，所以選項C正確。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives，itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.36Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.·Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.37·Yourmetabolism（新陳代謝）getsaheadstart.38Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.·39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited·40Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup!【解析】文體：說明文主題：晨煉給人帶來的額外好處。答案：GEFBA36. G首段設空，引出文章中心?？涨癐f條件句提示，所以設空處對應之前If條件句，7個選項中只有G項是If條件句37. E小標題意思‘生產力提升’，緊接著makesyoumoreawake，7個選項中符合同義表達的只有E項keepyourheadclear,保持頭腦清醒38. F小標題提到新陳代謝，設空處后文又提到getthecalorieburningbenefits,7個選項中符合同義表達的只有F項，continuetoburncalories持續(xù)燃燒卡路里39. B小標題設空，后文提到peoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening,7個選項中跟睡眠質量相關，又能做小標題的只有B項40. A小標題設空，后文提到y(tǒng)ouwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday,7個選項中跟堅持選擇吃健康食物相關，又能做小標題的只有A項,sticktoyourdiet。C項干擾，小標題核心是stickto,而不是preferAtoB第二部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Twoweeksearlier,myson,Ben,hadgotintouch.He’dmovedtoEnglandwithhismumwhenhewasthreeandithadbeen13yearssinceI’d41seenhim.Soimaginemy42whenheemailedmesayinghewantedtocometovisitme.Iwas43!IarrivedearlyatByronBaywhereweweresupposedto44.Thebaywas45insunshine,andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mofftheshore.Gettingalittle46,Irealizedonekayak(皮劃艇)wasin47.“Something’snot48!”ItookoffmyT-shirtand49intothewater.Isawthereweretwoinstructorsonboardandamanlyingacrossthemiddle.Hewas50violently.Linkingarmswithoneoftheinstructors,Ihelped51theyoungmanoutofthewater.HewasunconsciousandasIlookedathisface,something52tome.Thosebrowneyeswerevery53.“What’shisname?”Iaskedtheinstructor.“Ben,”hereplied,andimmediatelyI54.Thatstrangerwasmyson!Theinstructorscalledforanambulance.55,afterabriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedto56andlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.WechattedabouteverythingandthenBen57tome.“Ijustwanttosaythankyou,”hesaid.“You58mylife!”Istillcan’tbelievewhata59itwas.I’mjustsogladIwasthere60tohelpmyson.A.also B.often C.even D.lastA.delight B.relief C.anger D.worry43.A.scared B.shocked C.thrilled D.ashamed44.A.talk B.stay C.meet D.settle45.A.bathed B.clean C.deep D.formed46.A.faster B.closer C.heavier D.wiser47.A.trouble B.advance C.question D.battle48.A.real B.right C.fair D.fit49.A.stared B.sank C.dived D.fell50.A.arguing B.fighting C.shouting D.shaking51.A.lead B.persuade C.carry D.keep52.A.happened B.occurred C.applied D.appealed53.A.sharp B.pleasant C.attractive D.familiar54.A.agreed B.hesitated C.doubted D.knew55.A.Fortunately B.Frankly C.Sadly D.Suddenly56.A.return B.relax C.speak D.leave57.A.joked B.turned C.listened D.pointed58.A.created B.honored C.saved D.guided59.A.coincidence B.change C.pity D.pain60.A.onboard B.intime C.forsure D.onpurpose【解析】41. [D]副詞題。由前文中gotintouch取得聯(lián)系和空前兒子3歲隨母前往英國可知，自（since）我們上次一別已經13年了，可得答案D.last。42. [A]名詞題。該空可以通過情感色彩解題，當“我”得知多年未見的孩子要來拜訪，so此時的情緒為正向，可得答案Adelight。C.anger和D.worry均為負向，干擾選項為.Brelief(多用于從負面事件或情緒中結束后)。43. [C]形容詞題。該空同樣可以根據前后情感色彩解題，前文的delight以及后一句“我”很早的到達了約定地點可知，該空情緒為正向，可得答案C.thrilled(ifsomeoneisthrilled,theyareextremelypleasedaboutsomething.)其余三個選項為負向44. [C]動詞題。該句句意為“我們打算見面的地方“，以及后文56空提及了thefamilymetupfordinner?？傻么鸢窩。45. [A]動詞題，根據動詞用法“沐浴在陽光中”可得答案A.bathed尤其注意該單詞用語描述（光線）灑滿，覆蓋bebathedin（someplaceiscoveredwithlight）。46. [B]副詞題。根據前一句提出的“150mofftheshore”強調距離可知，此處指位置變化--靠近，可得答案B.closer。47. [A]名詞題。根據后文中“我”跳水救人可知，是注意到某只皮劃艇出了問題，introuble有麻煩，inadvance提前，inquestion有疑問，inbattle處于戰(zhàn)斗中。48. [B]形容詞題。承接上文，出現(xiàn)意外情況somethingintrouble可得同義表達somethingisnotright，答案B。49. [C]動詞題。動作順序題，“我”脫掉衣服然后“跳”進水里，排掉A盯；B下沉；干擾選項為Dfall（多用于意外或自然外力），故選C。50. [D]動詞題。該空描述人落水后的身體反應，可得答案D.顫抖。其余選項均不符合文意。A爭論；B戰(zhàn)斗；C叫喊；故選D。51. [C]動詞題。由空后outofwater可知救人出水，得動詞carry，故選C。52. [B]動詞題。看到他的臉，“我”想到了一些事，固定用法somethingoccurtosomebody。53. [D]形容詞詞題。根據后文“我”詢問名字確定落水者是兒子，可知他的眼睛對“我”來說“熟悉”familiar故選D。54. [D]動詞題。由上文可得“我”立刻知道他是我的兒子，故選D。55. [A]副詞題。根據后文中兒子很快出院可知，此處感情色彩為正向，排除B,C,D選項，B坦白地，C悲傷地，D突然地，故選A幸運地。56. [D]動詞題。根據后文中參加家庭晚宴，可知本空表達兒子出院，可得答案D.leave。57. [B]動詞題。根據后文中兒子和我的對話，可知這里表達兒子轉向“我”，turntosb.故選B。58. [C]動詞題。根據上下文“我”救了兒子的命，saveone’slife，故選C59. [A]名詞題。It指代前文事情，“我“在不知情下救了多年未見的兒子，為巧合，因此故選A。60. [B]名詞題。固定搭配A.onboard在船上，B及時，C確定D故意地，可得答案B。第II卷注意：將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第二部分英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热荩?個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigsandcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWordBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.【解析】61.hasgrown此處考察完成時。根據前文since和句意可知，這里需要表示已經完成的動作，故用完成時。62.the此處考察定冠詞。根據語意和后文past25years可知這段時間是特指的，故應該用定冠詞the。63.actually此處考察副詞?？崭裉幮揎椇笪腷ehindthechange，故應將形容詞actual寫成副詞actually。64.toimprove此處考察不定式。句中已經出現(xiàn)了謂語動詞，且空之前沒有連詞，所以考慮非謂語；根據句意可知空格處表目的，所以應用不定式toimprove。65.than此處考察比較級的固定搭配。根據語意可知此處需要填比較級的固定搭配，再根據前面less可知，此處應為lessthan固定搭配。66.pollution此處考查動詞變名詞。decreasedpollution動賓搭配，所以此處需要填名詞作賓語。67.global此處考查名詞變形容詞，意思是“全球的，總體的”。68.started此處考查動詞的時態(tài)，一般過去時。項目開始的時間是2005，所以用一般過去時。69.which/that此處考查定語從句，先行詞是program，在定從中擔當主語的成分，用which或that。70.feeding此處考查非謂語，詞組approachto，此處的to是介詞，后接動名詞。while在這里表示與此同時的意思。第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同學寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意： 1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。WhenIwaslittle,Friday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper,wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.【解析】Friday’s改為Friday’s名詞所有格只用于有生命的事物，而翻譯周五晚上的習慣用法是Fridaynightsort改為sorts前有all修飾可數(shù)名詞the改為a此處無需特指，且根據語義，作為