/牛津上海版9AUnit3Words.1.opinionn.意見,想法,看法e.g.Theopinionisacceptedastrue.這個意見被認為是正確的。inone'sopinion依某人的看法e.g.Inmyopinion,thesecondviewisone-sidedandpartial.我認為,第2種看法是片面的。2.responsibilityn.責任,負責e.g.Ididitonmyownresponsibility(=withoutbeingtoldtoandbeingwillingtotaketheblameifithadgonewrong).我做的這件事,由我自己負責。【知識拓展】beresponsiblefor對…負責e.g.MyfatherisresponsibleforabigdepartmentstoreinShanghai.3.deathn.死亡e.g.Caraccidentshavecausedmanydeaths.車禍造成了許多人死亡。death的動詞形式是dieHebecameveryillandthenhedied.他病得很重,接著就死了?！局R拓展】dieof死于〔疾病、過度悲傷等〕Peoplearedyingofcancermoreandmoreoften.死于癌癥的人越來越多了。diefrom死于〔某種原因,不包括疾病、過度悲傷等〕Inaseverewinter,wildanimalscandiefromlackoffood.在寒冷的冬天,野獸可能因為缺乏食物而餓死。4.respectn.＆v.尊重,慎重對待e.g.Thenewteachersoonwontherespectofhisstudents.這位新來的老師很快就贏得了學生們的尊重。【知識拓展】respectableadj.值得尊敬的5.faithfullyadv.忠實地,忠誠地e.g.Healwaysperformshisdutiesfaithfully.他一貫忠實地履行自己的職責?！局R拓展】faithn.信仰,信任e.g.Faiththatjusticewouldprevailimpelledusforward.正義必勝的信念鼓勵著我們前進。faithfuladj.忠實的,守信的e.g.Weareallfaithfulllistenerstotheprogram.我們都是這檔節(jié)目的忠實聽眾。6.mess①骯臟,雜亂；不整潔②〔狗、貓等的〕糞便e.g.Theroomwasinamess.這個房間雜亂不堪。7.resultn.后果；結(jié)果e.g.Successdependsontheresultsofthisexperiment.成功與否取決于這次實驗的效果。8.bitev.咬e.g.Barkingdogsseldombite.愛叫的狗不咬人。9.extremelyadv.極其,非常e.g.Shefounditextremelydifficulttogetajob.她覺察找工作極其困難。10.unhappyadj.不快樂的,不幸福的；悲傷的e.g.Forallthiswealth,hewasunhappy.盡管他富有,但他并不幸福。【知識拓展】否認前綴un-加在名詞,形容詞,副詞之前如：unfinished〔未完成的〕undoubted〔無疑的〕,unhappy(不快樂的)類似的否認前綴in-加在形容詞,名詞之前如：incorrect(不正確的),inability(無能,無力),inaccurate(不準確的)im-加在字母m,b,p之前如：impossible〔不可能的〕,impolite〔不禮貌的〕日常表達1.fromsidetoside從左到右e.g.Theshiprolledfromsidetoside.船左右搖晃?！局R拓展】sidebyside肩并肩地；一起e.g.Thetwochildrenarewalkingsidebyside.那兩個孩子肩并肩地走著。2.growup成長；長大e.g.Theirchildrenhaveallgrownupandlefthomenow.他們的孩子都已長大成人離開家了。3.accordingto據(jù)〔……所說〕e.g.AccordingtoMick,it'sagreatmovie.據(jù)米克說,這是一部了不起的電影。You'vebeenabsentsixtimesaccordingtoourrecords.根據(jù)我們的記錄,你已經(jīng)缺席六次了。4.carefor關愛e.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearntocareforothers.年輕人應該學會關愛他人?！局R拓展】takecareof照顧e.gTheyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他們委派她照顧那位老人。careabout喜歡e.g.Ireallycareaboutthestudentsinmyclass.我確實喜歡這個班上的學生。5.asaresult因此；結(jié)果e.g.Asaresult,hehadtoleave.結(jié)果他只得離開?！局R拓展】resultfrom起因于e.g.Hisillnessresultedfrombadfood.他的病是由于吃了變質(zhì)的食物所致。resultin結(jié)果；導致是e.g.Theirdisputeresultedinwar.他們的爭端導致了戰(zhàn)爭。6.stop…from阻止某事發(fā)生e.g.Theguardstoppedhimfromgoingthroughthegate.警衛(wèi)不讓他通過大門?！局更c迷津】stoptodosth.與stopdoingsth.stoptodosth.停止、中斷〔某件事〕,目的是去做另一件事e.g.Theystoppedtoworkandhavearest.他們停下來工作并休息了一會兒。stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事Pleasestopspeaking.It’stimetobeginourclass.請肅靜,上課時間到了。7.what'smore而且e.g.What'smore,mostpeopleinmoderncitiesliveinflats.而且大多數(shù)的人生活在大城市里的公寓里。8.payfor為……付錢e.g.Ihavetopay150dollarsforthesewingmachine.我得花150美元買這臺縫紉機?！局更c迷津】spend,take,pay,cost四者都可表示“花費〞(1)spend的主語通常是人,往往用于以下句型：(sb)spendsomemoney/sometimeonsth.(sb)spendsomemoney/sometime(in)doingsth.e.g.Ispentfiftyyuanonthecoat.=Ispentfiftyyuan(in)buyingthecoat.我花50元買了這件大衣。(2)take常用于“占用、花費〞時間,其主話通常為形式主語“it"或物。句式是：Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth=Sth.takessb.sometime.e.g.Ittookmethreeyearstodrawthebeautifulhorses.畫這些漂亮的馬花費了我3年時間。Theworkwilltakemetwodays.這項工作花了2天時間。(3)pay為“付款,賠償〞之意,主語通常是人,往往是sb．payssomemoneyforsth或paysb．(somemoneyforsth)e.g.Ipaidfiftyyuanforthecoat.我花50元買了這件大衣。(4)cost的主語必須是某物。動詞cost的常用用法是sth.cost(sb.)somemoney。e.g.Thedictionarycostme$20.這本字典花了我20美元?！倦S堂小練】Ⅰ.Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords Whenweheardourteamwonthegame,allofuscheered (exciting). Thedogbecomes (extreme)unhappy.3.Ihaveanumberof (complain)aboutthehotelroomyou'vegivenus.Myfavouriteshopis (locate)onthesecondfloorofatallbuilding.TheGreatWallis (wide)knownallovertheworld.It'smy (please)totalkwithyou.【Keys】1.excitedly2.extremely3.complaints4.located5.widely6.pleasureⅡ.ChoosethewordorexpressiontoreplacetheunderlinedpartineachsentenceA.Assaidby B.wentaway C.veryD.veryunpleasant E.comeback F.hasbecomedifferent( )1. ThistownhaschangedalotsinceIwasyoung.( )2. Wewereextremelybusybeforetheexamination.( )3. Ileaveon10Aprilandreturnon6June.( )4. Accordingtotheweatherreport,itisgoingtorainthisafternoon.( )5. Whataterriblethingtodo!【Keys】1.F2.C3.E4.A5.DImportantSentencesstructures.1.It'snicetopickthemupandholdtheminourarms,andit'swonderfultoseethemgrowingup.句中的it是形式主語,后接兩個不定式topickup,(to)hold是句子邏輯上的真正的主語。e.g.It'snicetoknowthatsomebodyappreciateswhatIdo.知道有人欣賞我所做的事真讓人開心?！局R拓展】it作形式主語主要用于以下兩種情況1)It+is/was+adj./n.〔形容詞或名詞〕+todosth.e.g.Itisagoodideatothinkthisway.Itisverykindofyoutogivemeahandintime.2)It十v.+todosth.e.g.Ittookusthreeyearstocompletetheproject.我們花費三年時間才完成了這項工程。Itsoundsreasonabletodoitthisway.聽起來這樣做有道理。2.Youngpeoplecanlearnhowtocareforothersandhowtorespectalllivingthingsbykeepingapetdog.本句中疑問副詞how和不定式tocareforothers及howtorespect…做整個句子的賓語。how解釋為“如何〞。e.g.Pleaseshowushowtodothat.請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ觥herearesomanykindsoftaperecordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有這么多的錄音機,我都拿不定主意買哪一種?！倦S堂練習】I.Choosethebestanswer()1.Hewasproudtohavebehavedso .A.good B.better C.best D.well()2.Shewantstobeafamoussingerwhenshe .A.grownup B.growingupC.grewup D.growsup()3. doestheAfricanGhostFishlooklike?A.HowB.Which C.What D.Who()4.ThisJapanesespokequite inthespeech.A.politeB.politely C.politeness D.impolite()5.Thedogwaggeditstail .A.exciting B.excitingly C.excitedly D.excited()6.Ithink isagoodideatodomorningexerciseseveryday.A.itB.thatC.thisD.these()7.Youneedtohurryup.Otherwiseallthecheapitemswillbe .A.sellout B.soldout C.sellover D.soldover()8.Whowill thisbigproject?A.asaresult B.beresponsibleforC.carefor D.barkat()9.Thework intwomonths.A.isfinished B.wasfinishedC.willfinished D.canbefinished()10.Theboxistooformetocarryupstairs.A.heavy B.fast C.heavily D.fastly()11.IfyougotoMacao,you'llseeaeven square.A.wide B.widely C.wider D.verywide()12.Heaskedme Iwasbusywiththosedays.A.that C.why D.what【Keys】1.D2.D3.C4.B5.C6.A7.B8.B9.D10.A11.C12.DⅡ.Rewritethesentencesasrequired1.Shetakespartinthesingingcontest.(改為否認句)2.Thewaterwassodirtythatwecouldn'tdrinkit.(改為簡單句)3.Wemusttakegoodcareoftheoldpeople.(改為被動語態(tài))【Keys】1.Shedoesn'ttakepartinthesingingcontest.2.Thewaterwastoodirtyforustodrink.3.Theoldpeoplemustbetakengoodcareofbyus.Grammar.一、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞e.g.Teenagersshouldbeallowedtogooutwiththeirfriends.應該允許青少年和朋友外出。注意：在情態(tài)動詞后面加not就變成了否認句,把情態(tài)動詞提前到句首,就變成了一般疑問句。e.g.ItcannotbedonebyJim.這件事不可能是吉姆干的。Mustthetreeswaterednow?這些樹必須澆水嗎？二、副詞(adverb,縮寫式為adv.)修飾動詞、形容詞、名詞、其他副詞或全句。〔一〕副詞的分類1.一般副詞可分為以下四種：時間副詞如：often,always,usually,early,now地點副詞如：here,there,above,below,outside方式副詞如：hard,well,badly,fast,slowly程度副詞如：very,quite,much,still,almost2.疑問副詞how,when,where,why(放在特殊疑問句句首)3.關系副詞when,where,why(放在被引導的從句句首)4.連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether(放在名詞性從句句首)．〔二〕副詞的位置1.時間副詞和地點副詞的位置(1)表示確定的時間和地點的副詞一般放在句尾。假設句中同時出現(xiàn)地點副詞和時間副詞,地點副詞通常放在前面。e.g.HewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.他明天將要去北京。(2)表示不確定時間的副詞,如always,usually,often,never,ever,seldom,sometimes,rarely,generally,frequently等,通常放在行為動詞之前,但放在be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。e.g.We’llneverforgetyourkindness.我們永遠忘不了你的好。Sheisalwaysthefirsttocome.她總是第一個來。Youcanoftenaskmequestionsifyouneed.如果你需要,你可以經(jīng)常找我問問題。2.修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞,除enough外,一般放在被修飾詞之前。e.g.Heswimsquitewell.他游泳游得很好。Sheswimswellenough.她游泳游得相當好。3.修飾動詞的方式副詞有以下幾種情況：(1)修飾不及物動詞的方式副詞要放在被修飾詞之后。e.g.Thebabyissleepingsoundly.這孩子睡得很香。(2)修飾及物動詞的方式副詞可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語之后,假設賓語較長,也可以放在動詞和賓語之間。e.g.SheseldomspeaksFrench.她很少說法語。ShespeaksFrenchfluently.她法語講得很流利。Allthemorningshehasbeenwritingcarefullyalettertoherboyfriend.她今天一上午都在認真地給她的男朋友寫信。(3)及物動詞和副詞〔如：down,on,off,in,out,up等〕組成的動詞詞組有名詞作賓語時,該名詞可以放在副詞之后或副詞之前；假設有代詞作賓語時,那么該代詞一定要放在副詞之前。e.g.Hecutdownthetree.(=Hecutthetreedown.)他把那棵樹砍倒了。Hecutitdown.他把它砍倒了?！泊~作賓語時不可以說：Hecutdownit.〕(4)修飾名詞的副詞放在被修飾詞之后。e.g.Thepeopleherearehardworkingandbrave.這里的人民既勤勞又勇敢。(5)修飾全句的副詞通常放在句首。e.g.Obviouslyhetoldalie.顯然他說了謊。〔三〕副詞的用法成分句法功能例句作狀語修飾動詞,形容詞修飾副詞修飾全句Mymotherusuallygetsupveryearly.Thewindblewsohard!Obviouslyheknewnothingaboutit.作定語地點副詞或時間副詞作定語,放在被修飾詞之后Onhiswayhome,hemetanoldfriendofhis.Thosebuildingsaroundhavebeenbuilt.作表語多數(shù)表示位置的副詞可作表語Heisout.Hewillbebacksoon.I’mhere.Thefootballgameison.作賓語補足語補足說明賓語Wesawhimoffattheairportthismorning.〔四〕副詞的比擬級、最高級用法與形容詞的相關用法類似,只是副詞的最高級可以省略the。e.g.HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyoudo.〔副詞fluently修飾動詞speaks,此為副詞原級比擬〕他說英語和你一樣流利。ItrainsmoreofteninHongKongthaninBeijing.(moreoften比擬級修飾動詞rains,屬于副詞比擬級)香港比北京下雨多。Soonyouwillseewhoruns(the)fastest.(thefastest修飾動詞runs,屬于副詞最高級)很快你就能知道誰跑得最快了?！纠?】Youneedtoexplainyouropinionsquitewhenhavingadebate.(clear)【答案】C【例2】ThoughhehasstudiedatRussianfortenmonths,hecanstillspeakthelanguage.A.hard;hardB.hardly;hardlyC.hard;hardlyD.hardly;hard【答案】C【例3】Theyalllookedattheteacherwhenhetoldthemthegoodnews.A.sadlyB.happilyC.carefullyD.angrily【答案】BStep6:Summary.Step7:Homework(ReadingandWriting)Ⅰ.Readingcomprehension(A)ClintWestwoodisafarmerinCalifornia.Hehasworkedinhisgrapeorchardallofhislife.Thisorchardbelongedtohisfatherandhisgrandfather.CaliforniawineisfamousandtheWestwoodfamilyhavealonghistoryofmakingwine.Clintgetsupeverymorningat5a.m.andgoestohisorchard.Heloveshistreesandoftencallshistrees,"myfamily.〞Clintisworriedaboutthefutureofhisorchard.Nowheis76yearsoldandheisgettingtoooldtoworkintheorchard.Hehasthreesonsbuttheyarenotinterestedinworkingintheorchard.Infact,hissonsarelazyanddon'twanttowork.Clintisdisappointedthathissonsarelazy.Heoftensaystohiswife*"I'mworried.Idon'tknowwhatwillhappentomyorchardafterI'mgone."OnedayClintbecameveryillanddied.Afterhisdeath,hissonsreadhiswill.Thewillsaid,"Thetreasureisburiedintheorchard.""Ah,sothat'swhereourfatherputhismoney,"saidChris,theyoungestson.Soeverymorningallthreesonsgotupearlyandbegandiggingintheorchard.Theyworkedveryhardlookingforthetreasure.Theyworkedsohardthatthegrapetreesproducedalotoffruit,buttheydidn'tfindanytreasure.Thenoneday,Joseph,theoldestsonsaid,"Ourfatherwasverysmart.Hewantedustoworkintheorchardsohesaidtherewastreasurehere.Thereisnotreasureundertheground.Butlook!Thetreasureisonthetrees.Becauseofourhardwork,thetreeshaveproducedalotoffruit.Whenwesellit,wewillberich.Thisisourtreasure!"TrueorFalse()1.Westwoodfamilyhavebeenengagedinmakingwineforalongtime.()2.AllofClint'ssonsaretoolazytoworkintheorchard.()3.Clintisalwaysworriedaboutthefutureofhissons.()4.Clintlefthistreasureintheorchard.()5.Thesonsbecamehardworkingaftertheirfather'sdeathbecausetheyrealizedtheirbadhabits.()6.Theyfoundtreasureatlast.【Keys】1.T2.T3.F4.F5.F6.T(B)AnEnglishmanwasshowingaforeignvisitoraroundLondon."What'sthisstrangebuilding?"askedthevisitor."ThisistheTowerofLondon.""Isee.Howlongdidittakeyoutobuildit?""About500years.""Inmycountrywecansetitupinfivemonths,"saidthevisitor.SoontheycametoSt.Paul'sCathedral."Verywonderful!"saidthevisitor."Howlongdidittakeyoutobuildit?""Almost40years,"saidtheEnglishman."Inmycountrywecanfinishitin40daysatmost",saidthevisitor.Thiscontinuedallday.Theyvisitedmostfamousbuildingsinthecity.Everytimetheysawanewone,thevisitoraskedthesamequestions.Thenhesaidthattheycoulddothesamethingmuchmorequicklyinhiscountry.Atlast,theEnglishmanbecameangrywiththevisitorthoughhetriednottoshowit.Afewdayslater,theycametotheHouseofParliamentandthevisitoraskedhisusualquestion,"What'sit?"TheEnglishmananswered,"Ihavenoidea.Itwasn'ttherelastnight."AnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageThevisitorwasn'tinterestedinthebuildingsinLondon,washe?Didtheyvisitallthefamousbuildingsinthecity?HowlongdidittaketosetuptheTowerofLondon?Whydidthevisitoralwayssayittooklesstimetobuildthesamebuildinginhiscountry?Becausehewantedtoshowthat .DidtheEnglishmanbecomeangry?WhydidtheEnglishmansaid,"Itwasn'ttherelastnight"?【Keys】l.Yes,hewas.2.No,theydidn't.3.About500years.4.theycoulddothesamethingmuchmorequicklyinhiscountry5.Yes,hedid.6.Becausehebecameangrywiththevisitor.PetsarefriendsIhavebeenkeepingdifferentpetsathome:mice,turtlesandrabbits.Butgoldenhamstersaremyfavourite.Iamalwayssurprisedby1cutetheycanbe.Itwassummer2Ifirstsawtwogoldenhamsters.Theywerebrown,aboutthesizeofmyhand.WhenIpassedby,theywerecrackingmelonseeds(嗑瓜子).Theydidthataswellasanyhuman!IwasamusedthatIboughtthematonce.Theonlyonewhowasnothappytoseethenewcomerswasmymother.Shethoughttheywouldmakeourhomedirtyallthetime.SoImadeahomeforthemonthebalcony(陽臺).Hamstersalwayswantpeopletolookatthem.Theytrytogetnoticedbyraisingthefrontpartoftheirbody,thentheywatchyoucomeandgountilyoustopandtalktothem.Watchoutwhentheystarttoroller-turnintheircage.Theywon'tstop3youhavetearsoflaughter!Hamstersare4thanyouthink.Onemorningseveralmonthsago,Ifoundonemissing.Thesideofthecagewasmuchtallerthanthehamsterandthecagehadalid.Howdidthelittleoneclimbup,openthelidand5?Ihavethoughthard.ButI'veneverfoundananswer.

()1.A.how B.howa Cwhat D.whata()2.A.where B.when C.what D.that()3.A.if B.as C.until D.whether()4.A.smart B.smarts C.smarter D.smartest()5.A.runat B.runaway Crun