Unit7AnimalInGlobalReading>>PartDivisionoftheMain1Someanimalsdemonstrateinligencedealingwithcaptivityandhuman2Someanimalsareinligentenoughtohowtobargainwith3Animalslikewhalescanassessasituationact4Animalscansometimesbe5AnimalinligenceismeanttoserveDetailedDifficultthekindofmentalfeatsanimalsperformwhendealingwithcaptivityandthedominantspeciesonthenet—humans.(Para.2)(Animalshowgreatinligencewhentheydealwithhumanbeings’captivityeventhoughhumanbeingscontrolanddominatethisnet.)TranslatethesentenceintoArrivingonthescene,JendryofferedColosomepeanuts,onlytobemetwithablankstare.(Para.3)Howtounderstand“only(Itisoftenusedtoindicatethatsb.doessth.withadisappointingorsurprisingresult.Infinitive“to”functionsasaresultadverbial.)Hehurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadHehadoncetriedinvitingherout,onlytomeetwitharathercoolColothenbrokethekeychainandgaveJendryalink,perhapsfiguring,WhygiveherthewholethingifIcangetabitofpineappleforeachpiece?(Para.4)(然后 鏈拉斷，給了延德里一段，或許是在算計，要是每一小段Buttheorangutan’sunderstandingofmoneyseemedtoextendfarbeyondsimpledealings.(Para.5)(WhattheorangutanunderstandsismorethanjustsimpleThisistrue,butIdon’tthinkitgoesfarenough.(Para.(Whatbehavioristssayisright,butIdon’tthinktheirexnationhelpsveryApparentlysizinguptheproblem,Orkyswamunderthestretcherandallowedoneofthementostandonhishead,somethinghe’dneverbeentrainedtodo.(Para.10) Insteadofmovingawaytogetit,MelatilookedShewmanintheeyeandheldoutherhand.(Para.11) Iflifeisaboutsurvivalofaspecies—andinligenceismeanttoservethatsurvival—thenwecan’tcomparewithpea-brainedseaturtles,whichwereherelongbeforeusandsurvivedthedisasterthatwipedoutthedinosaurs.(Para.13)(Ifthepurposeoflifeistosurviveandinligenceisforsurvival,thenourinligencecan’tbecomparedwiththatofthepea-brainedseaturtles.Theywereonthisearthlongbeforewehumanbeingsandtheyevensurvivedthedisasterthatdestroyedthedinosaurs.) 的重大而生存下來。…eveniftheirhorizonsaremorelimitedthanours.(Para.Whatcanyouinferfromthe(Animals’horizonsaremorelimitedandcan’tbecomparedwithhumanWords&abilitytolearnandThechildrenweregivenaninligencenews,information,esp.withreferencetoimportant他最終搞到了敵人計劃的。(Hemanagedtogetthesecretin oftheenemy’sns.)controversy:n. alotofdiscussionandargumentaboutsth.,ofteninvolvingstrongfeelingsofangerordisapproval(followedbyover/about)Thisisaquestionthathasgivenrisetomuch他的書的引起了激烈的爭議。(Thereisabitter/heatedcontroversyoverthepublishingofhisbooks.)beyondwithout 無可爭議，無疑，不消說explore:examinethoroughly;learn工程師們已經(jīng)對在這條河上建橋的可能性做了仔細(xì)探察。(Theengineershavealreadyexploredthepossibilityofbuildingabridgeovertheriver.)Therepairmanexploredmycarandsaidhewouldfixittravelover(aregion,area,etc.)forthepurposeof不論大人還是孩子都認(rèn)為探索太空一定非常刺激。(Bothadultsandchildrenthinkthatitmustbeextremelyexcitingtoexplorespace.)ThemanwillexploretheSaharaDesertonencounter:meetesp.他在街上偶然遇見一位老友。(HeencounteredanoldfriendonthecomeupThemoredangersweencounter,theharderweshouldpushabilitytolearnandThechildrenweregivenaninligencenews,information,esp.withreferencetoimportant他最終搞到了敵人計劃的。(Hemanagedtogetthesecretin oftheenemy’sns.)convince: make(sb.)feelcertain;cause(sb.)to我深信他的誠實。(I’mconvincedofhisWefinallyconvincedtheofourinnocence.beconvinced beconvinced convincesb.of dominant:adj. ruling;stronger,morepowerful,ormorenoticeablethanotherpeopleorthings·是工業(yè)上極 的人物。(ChaplinwasdominantfigureintheAmericanfilmHeisa inthemakea reachanagreementorarrangement,esp.inbusinessorI’llmakeadealwithyou—youwashthecarandI’llletyouuseit (TheautohasmadeadealwithaJapanesefirm,whichwillsupplyenginesinexchangeforbrakes.) discussinordertocometoanThelabordecidedtonegotiatewiththeemployersabouttheirwage和分子談判。 ernmentrefusedtonegotiatewithnegotiateforsth.negotiatetodosth.negotiatewithsb.maintain:vt.maintainable 1)Theimprovementinhishealthisbeingmaintained.2)intendstomaintainitspositionasmarketHehasworkedhardtomaintainhisyanimportantroleinmaintainworldHeisemployedtomaintainorinspectrailroadSomepeoplestillmaintainthattheearthisbringtoview;Hiswornjacketrevealedhismakeknown(sth.concealedor這些總有一天會大白的。(Onedaythetruthabouttheseeventswillbe (sb.)frompain,anxiety,etc.Takingapart-timejobwouldrelieveyouofthefinancial聽說你已安全到達，我們就放心了。(Wearerelievedtohearthatyouhavearrivedsafely.)relievesb.ofRelief toone’sundertake: carryout;takeupononeself(atask,如果我們要承擔(dān)的工作的話我們就得再多招些人。(We’llhavetoemploymorestaffifwe’retoundertakemorework.)TheUnitedNationsissupposedtoundertaketheroleofglobalpeace-figure 不出那位戴墨鏡的是誰。(Icouldn’tfigureoutwhotheladywiththesunglasseswas.)Ican’tfigureherout,oneminutehappy,thenextextend:(causeto)stretchorRainisexpectedtoextendtoallpartsofthecountrybythismakelargeror我們把廚房擴大出一塊吃飯的區(qū)域。(We’veextendedthekitchentogiveroomforadiningextendfor extendfrom extendout extend extend CF:extend&theextendedmeaningofaword詞匯的引申意義toextendorlengthenaroad延長道路toextend(orlengthen)one’sstay(延長的逗留時間明年將會延長這條鐵路。(Therailwaywillbeextendednextyear.)prolongAlfredhaddeducedthattheDaneswerenolongerfitforprolongedbattle.(expand:(causeto)growlarger(insize,numberorThesmallpocketdictionarywasexpandedintoalargervolume.(這個公司已從一個小公司發(fā)展到擁有12個了。)ThebusinesshasexpandedfromhavingoneofficetohavingspeakorwriteatlengthorinTheprofessorwillexpandonahottopicinhisCF:expand&expandIronexpandswhenitisheated鐵遇熱則膨脹。Hisinjuredwristbegantoswell他受傷的手腕開始腫起來。vt.wishthatyouhadaqualityorpossessionthatanotherIdon’tenvyyouforyourjourneyinthisbad他突然成了百萬富翁，許多人都羨慕他的好運。(Hebecameamillionaireovernight.Manypeopleenviedhimforhisgoodluck.)envysb./sth.envysb.sth.envysb.forsth.feelingofdisappointmentandresentment(atanother’sbetterShewasfilledwithenvyathersister’sobjectofsuch他那部豪華的新車是他所有的朋友羨慕的東西。(Hissplendidnewcarwasenvyofallhisfriends.)lostinenvy inone’sinterest forortoone’sSimilarphrase:intheinterest(s)ofsth.:forthesakeofThelocal ernmenthastoabandonthenforanewchemicalntbecauseitisnotinthepublicinterest.盡管這項工作很難，但你承擔(dān)下來對你是會有利的。(Itwouldbeinintereststoundertakethistaskalthoughit’sverydifficult.)loseinterest with judgment:opinionabout在你看來是什么導(dǎo)致學(xué)生們考試不及格？(Inyourjudgment,whathascausedthestudents’failureintheexamination?)Themanagermadeanunfairjudgmentofhisnewsecretary’sabilitytoformvaluableopinionsandmakegoodHeshowedexcellentjudgmentinchoosingthe我很欽佩的判斷力每件事都聽他的建議。(Irespectmyfather’sjudgmentandalwaysfollowanyadvicehegivesme.)go stopworkingproperly;experienceIdidn’twatchtheliveopeningceremonyoftheWorldCupyesterdaybecausemyevisionwent rongagain.Alltheirnswentwrong.gosour,gooutoftherewassomethingwrong,(breakdown),goaboutyourownbusiness,gogooff(explode,blowup);goon(withsth,ng),goon(happen,takece,occur),goover,gothrough(undergo,experience),gowith(match,suit,agree),goout(putout),goahead,goinsize carefullyexamine(asituationor)inordertomakea父親我男朋友的方式讓我感到難堪。(IfeltembarrassedbythewayfathersizedupmyIdon’tlikethewaythesalesassistantsinthatshopsizeyouupasyouwalkthroughthedoor.release:1)fromsth.thatbinds,fastens,orholdsback;let動物園的一些動物被從籠里放了出來。(Someanimalsinthezoohadbeenreleasedfromtheircages.)Deathfinallyreleasedhimfromthecancer2)allow(news)tobeknownorpublished;allow(afilm)tobeexhibitedor(goods)tobecedonsale昨天我買了一些 出的唱片 (IboughtsomereleaseddiscsofMichaelJacksonHisnewnovelaboutSeptember11terroristattackwasreleasedlastdeceive: trytomake(sb.)believesth.thatisYoudeceivedme,andIcan’tforgive， 文件上簽字。(Theydeceivedtheoldmanintosigningthe，Hethatoncedeceivesisever ed.(［諺］ deceiveo(ng)looksb.intheeye: lookdirectlyandsteadilyatsb.becauseyouarenotembarrassedorashamedIcouldn’tlookhimintheeyeafterwards,knowingthatIhadlostallthat你能看著我說不是你打破玻璃嗎？(Canyoulookmeintheeyeandsayyoudidn’tbreakthewindow?)lookabout環(huán)視lookafter照料，照顧，照管lookdownon看不起，輕視lookforwardto盼望，期待lookinto朝…里面看 lookuptooriginal:firstor原先的計劃優(yōu)于我們所執(zhí)行的計劃。(Theoriginal nwasbetterthanthe wefollowed.)ThelandwasreturnedtotheoriginalLatermodelsofthecarretainedmanyoftheoriginalnewlyformedorcreated;notcopiedor 。(Hisnewlyboughtshirtisanoriginaldesignsurvive:remainAfewwerekilledbutmostsurvivedinthecontinuetoliveorexist她在中幸存下來。(ShesurvivedtheCF:survive,outlive&surviveTenofthemsurvivedtheshipwreck10人在海難中幸存下來。)outlive（某物）Theshipoutlivedthestorm小船熬過了暴風(fēng)雨。outlastoutlast經(jīng)?？膳coutlive互換使用，Hewilloutlastme他會比我長壽。wipe getridofor銀行同意將他們的一筆勾銷。(ThebankagreedtowipeouttheirThepopulationoftheislandwasalmostwipedoutbytheAfterReading>>Useful serveone’sown動物智 animal 達 makea白 ablank acareful figure道德習(xí) virtuous makejudgments atfirst緊急救 gothrowup size保持平 keep滑 slide離 move凝 holdone’sgaze giveAfterReading>>SentenceChantekfiguredoutthatifhedidtaskslikecleaninghisroom,he’dearncoinstospendontreatsandridesin’scar.的，還可以坐的車外出兜風(fēng)。WhenIcaughtupwiththeorangutanatZooAtlanta,wherehenowlives,Isawanexampleofsharingthatanyonemightenvy.(Whywouldananimalwanttocooperatewithahuman?Behavioristswouldsaythatanimalscooperatewhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttodoso.)(Insteadofmovingawaytogetit,MelatilookedShewmanintheeyeandheldoutherhand.)(Givingin,shegavehimanotherone,thensawthathehadbeenhidinghisorangeunderneathhisfoot.)(Itiscomfortingtorealizethatotherspeciesbesidesourowncanstandbackandassesstheworldaroundthem,eveniftheirhorizonsaremorelimitedthanours.)AfterReading>>SummaryTheauthorofthisarticlehasbeenworkingformanyyearsontheanimalinligence(動物智能).Sherealizedthatifanimalscanthink,theyillprobablydotheirbestthinkingwhenitservestheirownpurposes,notwhenscientistsaskthem(維).Intheexampleof“Let’sMakeaDeal”,Jendry’s ’sexperimentsColoandChantekrevealedtheevidencethatanimalhavetheskillsintradingonethingforanother(動物有以物換物的技能).Inanotherstoryof“TaleofaWhale”,Laulefoundthatanimalswanttocooperatewithhumanbeingswhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttocooperate(合作于己有利時).Moreover,theycanassesssituation,andthendosomethingbasedonthejudgmentstheymade(己的判斷采取行動).Sometimesevidenceofinligencecanbeseeninattemptstodeceive(有時動物的智能可以從其的企圖中得以證明).AcaseinpointisMelatiandTowan.Animal’shorizonsaremorelimitedthanours,butitisstillcomfortingtorealizethatanimalscanstandbackandassesstheworldaroundthemAfterReading>>Proverbsand1.Acatmaylookataking.貓也有權(quán)晉見國王。2.Adogwillnothowlifyoubeathimwithabone骨頭打狗狗不叫。Agoodhorseoftenneedsagoodspur.(好要好靴刺。Alazysheepthinksitswoolheavy懶羊嫌毛重。Crowsareneverthewhiterforwashingthemselves Awisefoxwillneverrobhisneighbour’shenroost兔子不吃窩邊草。SupplementaryReading>>CultureEvolutionaryEvolutionarybiologyisasub-fieldofbiologyconcernedwiththeoriginofspeciesfromacommondescent,anddescentofspecies,aswellastheirchanges,multiplication,anddiversityovertime.Someonewhostudiesevolutionarybiologyisknownasanevolutionarybiologist.AllmoderndomesticdogsaredescendantsoftheGrayEvolutionarybiologyasanacademicdisciplineinitsownrightemergedasaresultofthemodernevolutionarysynthesisinthe1930sand1940s.Itwasnotuntilthe1970sand1980s,however,thatasignificantnumberofuniversitieshaddepartmentsthatspecificallyincludedthetermevolutionarybiologyintheirtitles.IntheUnitedStates,asaresultoftherapidgrowthofmolecularandcellbiology,manyuniversitieshavesplittheirbiologydepartmentsintomolecularandcellbiology-styledepartmentsandecologyandevolutionarybiology-styledepartments.SupplementaryReading>>DifficultHecomparedthistoamanwhomeetsawomanand—astonishedthatsheisthesamegirlheusedtoseerunningaroundinaschooluniform—fallsinloveandmarriesher.(Para.4)Translatethesentenceinto Zookeepersknow,totheirdespair,thatmanyspeciesofanimalswillnotbreedwithjustanyotheranimaloftheirspecies.(Para.7)(Tothezookeepers’despair,kindsofanimalsmaynotproduceoffspringwithanyotheranimalsoftheirkind.)Translatethesentenceinto develoemotions, comparableinanywaytothetenderness,protectiveness,toleranceandjoythatarethemarkofhumanloveinitstruestanddeepestsense.(Para.8)Translatethesentenceinto.(Whiletheideaofloveamonganimalshasbeengenerallyrejectedbyscience,doubtsremain.Forstoriessuchasthesesuggestthatsomeanimalsmayexperiencejoy,loveandheartbreakremarkablylikeourown.(Para.15)TranslatethesentenceintoWords&cautious: takinggreatcaretoavoiddanger(followedbyMymotherisacautiousmotorist;sheneverdoesanydangerous(Thoseatthemeetingarecautiousaboutexpressingtheiropinions.)disy: show(esp.afeelingorHedisyednoemotionwhenhefailedhis電腦屏幕上顯示著去年的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字。(Thecomputerscreenwasdisyingthefiguresforlastyear.)adequate: MakesurethatthelightingisadequatesothatyourguestscanseewhattheyareThe ismorethanadequatetosatisfythebiggest50輛車嗎？(Aretheparkingfacilitiesadequatefor50pany: goChildrenunder14must paniedbyan paniesherwhereversheexhibit: Theeconomybegantoexhibitsignsofdeclineaboutamonth(Thenativepeopleexhibitedadeepmistrustofallvisitors.)havetheheart(todosth.): bedetermined/abletodosth.(usu.innegativesentencesorquestions)Ididn’thavetheheart lhimthathisdadhaddiedinthetsunami海嘯多次失敗以后，他沒有勇氣再度嘗試。(Aftersomanyfailureshedidn’thavethehearttotryagain.)pulloneselftogether: oneselftostopbehavinginanervous,frightened,ordisorganizedwayYoumusttrytopullyourselftogether—yourfamilydependson振作起來，哭是沒有用的。(Justpullyourselftogether.Thereisnopointcryingaboutit.)atfirst whenseenorconsideredforthefirstThequestionseemedeasyatfirstsight,butwhenthestudentstriedtoanswerit,theydiscoveredhowdifficultitwas.Theprojectpromisedtobeamoredifficultundertakingthanmightappearatfirst第一眼看這對雙胞胎簡直一模一樣。(Atfirstsightthetwinslookpurchase: (fml)Ipurchasedthecaronlyacoupleofmonths我們有意在鄉(xiāng)下一幢房子。(Weintendtopurchaseahouseintheconj.however;inspiteofSeatbeltsundoubtedlysavelives.Manypeople,nevertheless,donotwear thatthetaxisunpopular.Neverthelesstheyseemdeterminednottogetridofit.)adv.inspiteofthat;notwithstanding;alltheHesucceeded你所說的都對,不過有點不客氣。(Whatyousaidwas