第三冊第三單元

大學英語基礎教程START第三冊大學英語基礎教程STARTBalzacWARMINGUPEXERCISESSection1.VocabularyBuilding

Directions:Inthispart,youaregoingtosee6famoussayings.Trytoguessoutthespeakersofthesesayings.SocratesA.EinsteinThomasAddisonThomasPaineBenjaminFranklinTrynottobecomeamanofsuccessbutrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.Energyandpersistenceconquerallthings.Astrongmanwillstrugglewiththestormsoffate.Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Thereisnosuchthingasagreattalentwithoutgreatwill-power.BalzacWARMINGUPEXERCISESSecWARMINGUPEXERCISESSection2.KnowledgeAccumulation

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatempera-mentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespringbacktodust.Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing’sheartthelureofwonder,theunfailingchildlikeappetiteofwhat’snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheartthereisawirelessstation:solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,cheer,courageandpowerfrommenandfromtheInfinite,solongareyouyoung.Whentheaerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyouaregrownold,evenat20,butaslongasyouraerialsareup,tocatchwavesofoptimism,thereishopeyoumaydieyoungat80.中文譯文：青春不是年華，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙熱的戀情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。青春氣貫長虹，勇銳蓋過怯弱，進取壓倒茍安。如此銳氣，二十后生而有之，六旬男子則更多見。年歲有加，并非垂老，理想丟棄，方墮暮年。歲月悠悠，衰微只及肌膚；熱忱拋卻，頹廢必致靈魂。憂煩，惶恐，喪失自信，定使心靈扭曲，意氣如灰。無論年屆花甲，擬或二八芳齡，心中皆有生命之歡樂，奇跡之誘惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一臺天線，只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂、勇氣和力量的信號，你就青春永駐，風華常存。一旦天線下降，銳氣便被冰雪覆蓋，玩世不恭、自暴自棄油然而生，即使年方二十，實已垂垂老矣；然則只要樹起天線，捕捉樂觀信號，你就有望在八十高齡告別塵寰時仍覺年輕。WARMINGUPEXERCISESSection2.PREPARATORYSection1.MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeChinesedefinitioninColumnB.distinguished傲慢的，自大的人格,個性勝利，成功卓越的，著名的，受人尊敬的

不可避免的，必然發(fā)生的激情，熱情壓倒，制服，打敗

妨礙，束縛，限制

使蒙羞，羞辱，使丟臉攻克，征服overwhelmarrogantpersonality

inevitablehamperpassionhumiliatetriumph

conquerPREPARATORYSection1.MatchthPREPARATORYSection2.Writethemeaningofeachofthefollowingwordsorphrasesinthecorrespondentblank.distinguished:verysuccessful,famousorimportantoverwhelm:arrogant

:personality

:inevitable

:hamper

:passion:humiliate

:triumph

:conquer

:gaincontrolorvictoryoversth.unpleasantlyproud,withanunreasonablystrongbeliefinoneyearsownimportanceandalackofrespectforotherpeoplethewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularpersonunavoidablepreventtheprogressorfreemovementofaverystrongfeelingcausetofeelshame;hurttheprideofavictory,successorachievementtakecompletecontrolofsth.PREPARATORYSection2.Writeth10.Imydislikeformathematics.9.Heachievedgreat.8.Thecountrywasbydefeat.7.Hecouldnotcontrolhis.6.Prejudicesometimesapersonfromdoingtherightthing.5.Thisisthecourseofhistory.4.Thechildrenallhaveverydifferent.3.Elizabeththoughthewasanandselfishman.2.Agreatwavetheboat.1.Heattendedtheceremonyasaguest.

PREPARATORYSection3.Readaloudthefollowingsentences,payingattentiontothemeaningsofthewordsorphrasesinitalics.

distinguishedoverwhelmedarrogantpersonalitiesinevitablehamperspassionhumiliatedtriumphsconquered10.ImydPREPARATORYSection4:Twoofakind:FindoutthemeaningsofthephrasesinColumnA

andtheChinesedefinitioninColumnB

gainfromaboveallmakeamess(of)dreamofcareaboutsomesortofknockouttake...seriously首先;尤其是做夢(夢見)在乎，在意某種的；仿佛；多少有些粗略地創(chuàng)作；使筋疲力盡認真對待，嚴肅對待從……獲得把…弄糟(搞壞);把…搞得糊涂從……獲得在乎，在意粗略地創(chuàng)作；使筋疲力盡認真對待，嚴肅對待某種的；仿佛；多少有些

做夢(夢見)把…弄糟(搞壞);把…搞得一塌糊涂首先;尤其是PREPARATORYSection4:TwoofPREPARATORYSection5:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeexpressionsyouhavejustlearned.PartA:WhenIlivedwithmyfather,Igained

muchknowledgefrom

him.Ineverdreamedof

suchathing.Butaboveall

tellmequicklywhatIhavetodo.Thisjobhasquiteknocked

meout.Idon’tcare

muchaboutmusic.Hemadeamessof

hiswork.Hecouldnottake

suchquestions

seriously

.Don’tworryaboutprice—I’msurewecancometosomesortof

arrangement.

PREPARATORYSection5:CompleteLANGUAGEINCONTEXTVocabularycelebrityn.

generationn.

wisdomn.

gainfromdistinguishedadj.

clericn.

contributionn.

spectacularadj.

overwhelmvt.

oasisn.

primatologistn.

conservationistn.

(尤指娛樂界的)名人，名流一代人，一代智慧，知識，學問從……獲得卓越的;著名的;受人尊敬的牧師，教士，神職人員捐助物;貢獻引人注目的;轟動一時的;驚人的淹沒;制服;壓倒綠洲靈長類行為學家自然資源保護者,生態(tài)環(huán)境保護者LANGUAGEINCONTEXTVocabularycLANGUAGEINCONTEXTVocabularyarrogantadj.personalityn.

abovealldreamofmessn.

makeamess(of)consequencen.

adverselyadv.

careaboutwesternn.

somesortofknockouttake...seriouslyhampervt.

傲慢的，自大的人格，個性首先，尤其是做夢(夢見)雜亂，臟亂(把…)弄糟[搞壞];(把…)搞得一塌糊涂結果，后果不利地，有害地在乎，在意西部片,西部小說某種;仿佛;多少有些使筋疲力盡;使竭盡全力;粗略地創(chuàng)作[完成]認真對待，嚴肅對待妨礙，束縛，限制LANGUAGEINCONTEXTVocabularyaLANGUAGEINCONTEXTVocabularytunan.

passionn.

aspiringadj.

criticaladj.

fundamentaladj.

antiapartheidadj.

Humiliatevt.

triumphn.

maskn.

boldnessn.

conquervt.

goodwilln.

transcendvt.

intractableadj.

金槍魚激情，熱情有追求的決定性的,關鍵性的;危急的;批評的,批判的基本的;重要的;必要的反種族隔離的使蒙羞,羞辱,使丟臉勝利，成功口罩；面具；掩飾大膽，冒失攻克；征服；克服善意，親切，友好超出，超越；勝過難對付的,難解決的LANGUAGEINCONTEXTVocabularytLANGUAGEINCONTEXTDiscussion1.HowdidAndrewZuckermanacquirewhatothershavelearned?Discussthefollowingquestionsinpairsorgroups.(traveled,distinguished,individuals

)2.

GiveabriefsummaryofDesmondTutu’swords.

(contribution,peace

)3.WhatdoesJaneGoodallthinkofthemostimportantthingwecando?

(consequence,animals,thefuture

)4.HowareyouabletomoveforwardaccordingtothedirectorofMillionDollarBaby?

(take...seriously

)5.InMassimoVignelli’sopinion,whatarethethreefundamentalelementstogrowinaprofessionallife,andwhy?

(history;theory;criticism

)LANGUAGEINCONTEXTDiscussion1Whatisthegreatestgiftfromonegenerationtothenext?It’swisdomgainedfromexperience.ThephotographerAndrewZuckermantraveledtosevencountries,flew65,000miles,anddrove5,000more,inordertoask50individualsaged65yearsandolderwhattheywouldlikeotherstoknow.Thefollowingisaselection.—cleric;winner,1984NobelPeacePrize;winner,2005GandhiPeacePrize“Eachoneofuscanmakea.Toofrequentlywethinkwehavetodothings.Yetifwerememberthattheseaisactuallymadeupofdropsofwaterandeachdropisimportant,eachoneofuscandoourlittlebitwhereweare.Thoselittlebitscancometogetherandalmosttheworld.Eachoneofuscanbeanofpeace.”LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextASixCelebritiesShareWhatThey’veLearnedspectacularDESMONDTUTUoasisdistinguishedadj.eminent卓著的PremierZhouisadistinguishedpolitician.周總理是一位卓越的政治家。Thescientistisdistinguishedinmanyspheresofknowledge.這位科學家在許多知識領域中都是杰出的。contributionn.①theactofcontributingorsomethingcontributed貢獻Hehasmadeanimportantcontributiontothecompany’ssuccess.他對公司的成功做出了重要的貢獻。②anamountofmoneygiventoacause,charityetc.捐款Allcontribution,howeversmall,willbegreatlyappreciated.所有捐款，無論數目多么少，我們都深表感謝。spectacularadj.unusuallyinterestingorgrand;attractingexcitednotice;veryimpressive引人注目的；引人入勝的，轟動一時的，驚人的；激動人心的Thenewplaywasaspectacularsuccess.這出新戲獲得巨大的成功。HepaintedthespectacularsceneryofSouthAmericanjungles.他的油畫描繪了南美洲叢林的壯麗景觀。Butthesuccesseshavebeenmanyandspectacular.不過成功的例子也很多，而且蔚為大觀。overwhelmv.①todefeatormakepowerless打??；毀壞；制服Theenemyforcesoverwhelmedthecamp.敵軍把營地徹底破壞了。Theywereoverwhelmedbytherival.他們被對手打垮了。②(ofwater)tocovercompletelyandusuallysuddenly淹沒Thevillagewasoverwhelmedwhenthefloodscame.這個村莊在洪水泛濫時被淹沒了。③(offeelings)tomakesb.completelyhelpless,usuallysuddenly使受不了；使不知所措Yourkindnessquiteoverwhelmedme.你的好意使我感激難言。Ioverwhelmedhimwiththetruth.我拿出事實讓他啞口無言。oasisn.①aplacewithwaterandtreesinadesert(沙漠中的)綠洲Thecaravanstoppedforthenightatanoasis.旅行隊在沙漠中的綠洲停下來過夜。②aplaceorsituationthatisdifferentfromitssurroundings,usuallyinapleasantorcomfortingway宜人的地方；舒適之處Herbedroomisanoasisofcalminthenoisyhouse.她的臥室是這幢嘈雜房屋中的一個難得的安靜之處。distinguishedcontributionoverwhelmWhatisthegreatestgiftf—primatologistandconservationist“We’vebeenveryarrogantinassumingthatthere’sasharplinedividingusfromtherestoftheanimalkingdom.Wearenottheonlybeingsonthisplanetwithpersonalities,minds,and,,emotions.Weneedtobemorerespectful.Asachild,IgoingtoAfrica,livingtherewiththeanimals.Suchanamazingthinghappened.Beingoutonmyowninnature,withorwithoutthechimpanzees,isjustsomethingIloved.LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextA

abovealldreamedofJANEGOODALLaboveallmostimportantofall尤其是，最重要的是Relax,andaboveall,don’tpanic.放松一點，尤其是不要慌。Heisstrong,brave,andaboveall,honest.他堅強、勇敢，最重要的是誠實。Ienjoyedalltheschoolsubjects,buthistoryaboveall.學校里的所有課程我都喜歡，尤其是歷史。dreamof/abouttohave(adream)about做夢；夢見Joedreamedaboutwakinguprich.喬夢見自己一覺醒來成了富翁。Hedreamedofherallnight.他整夜都夢見她。

LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextAThemostimportantthingwecandototrytogetoutofthewe’vemadeonthisplanetistospendtimethinkingabouttheofthechoiceswemake.Whatdidweeat?Howwasitgrown?Diditadverselyaffectanimals?Isitgoodforhumanhealth?Whatdowewear?Wherewasitmade?Couldwemakeitinawaythatislessdamagingtotheenvironment?Ifwestartthinkinglikethat,inevitablypeoplemakesmallchanges.Andifpeoplestartmakingsmallchanges,thenwestartgettingthemajorchangethatwemusthaveifwecareaboutthefutureforourchildren.”messconsequencesmakeamess(of)tospoil,ruin,etc.擾亂，弄亂Shealwaysmakesamessofthings;she’saprizeidiot.她總是把事情弄糟；她是個不折不扣的大笨蛋。Hemanagedtomakeamessofit.他真不錯，把事情弄得一團糟。consequencen.result結果；后果Theconsequenceofherfallwasabrokenarm.她摔倒了，斷了一只胳膊。Thehighlevelofunemploymenthasproducedharmfulconsequences.高失業(yè)率已經產生了有害的社會影響。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextAThLANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextA—actor,morethan50films;director,29films,includingUnforgiven(《不可饒恕》)andMillionDollarBaby(《百萬美元寶貝》);winner,4AcademyAwards“Greatstoriesteachyousomething.That’sonereasonIhaven’tslippedintoretirement:IalwaysfeellikeI’mlearningsomethingnew.TherewasatimeinmylifewhenIwasdoingwesterns,ontheplainsofSpain.Icouldhavestayedthereandprobablyadozenmore.ButthetimecamewhenIsaid‘That’senoughofthat.’Asfunastheyweretodo,itwastimetomoveon.Ifastorydoesn’thaveanythingthat’sfreshinit,atleastforme,Imoveawayfromit.Takeyourprofessionseriously;don’t.Ifyoutakeyourselfseriously,you’renotgoingtobeabletomoveforward.You’regoingtobebyalwayswantingtolookinthemirrorandseeifyouhaveenoughtunaoilonyourhairorsomethinglikethat.”CLINTEASTWOODknockedouttakeyourselfseriouslyhamperedsomesortofsomesortof某種的；仿佛；多少有些Idon’tknowwhyshedoesn’tleavehim—hemusthavesomesortofholdoverher.我不明白她為什么不離開他—他一定有一種左右她的力量。He’spullingsomesortoftrick.他不定在耍什么花招。Isupposeweshallbehavingsomesortofcelebrationforthebride.我想我們還是來為新娘慶賀一番吧。There’ssomesortofstickyfluidonthekitchenfloor.廚房的地上有一種發(fā)黏的液體。knockout①(informal)toproducesth.,especiallyquicklyandeasily完成，快速而輕易地做成Theartistknockedoutasketchinfifteenminutes.這位藝術家用15分鐘就畫好了一幅素描。②(informal)tosurpriseandimpresssb.verymuch使大吃一驚；使傾倒；給某人留下深刻印象Themoviejustknockedmeout.這電影著實令我贊嘆不已。Iwasknockedoutcompletelybythenewsong.我完全為那支新歌所陶醉。take...seriously認真對待Butshetookhimseriously,almosttohisownsurprise.可是她竟然出乎他的意料之外，拿他當真了。Hehastakenhimselfseriously,asawritershould.他很有做派，認為這才像一個作家。Takeeverythingyoudoseriously.認真對待你做的每一件事情。hamperv.preventtheprogressorfreemovementof妨礙，束縛，限制Ourprogresswashamperedbythebadweather.我們前進時受到了惡劣天氣的阻礙。ItriedtofindmykeysbutIwashamperedbymythickgloves.我想找鑰匙，但手套很礙事。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextALANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextA—interiorandgraphicdesignteam,married50years;winners,morethan130awardsLV:“Peopleaskus,‘Aren’tyouretiring?’Butwereallylikewhatwedo.”MV:“Youneedtohavepassion.ThegreatestthingI’velearnedinmylifeisthatthereisroomforeverybody.That’sthegreatthingaboutartanddesignandcommunication.There’sroomforall.”LV:“Aspiringdesignersshouldknowaboutthegoodthingsthathappenedbefore.Havealittlehistory.Gobackandseewhatwasdonebefore.”LELLAandMASSIMOVIGNELLILANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextALANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextAMV:“Learnfromthepastifyouwantwhatmattersinthepresent.Knowledgeisthemostimportantthing.Toyoungpeople,wesay,‘Fillyourbrainwithasmuchinformationasyoucan.Lookateverything,knoweverything,developamind.History,theory,andcriticismarethethreefundamentalelementstogrowinaprofessionallife.Historywillprovideyouwiththetoolsforunderstanding.Theorywillbethephilosophyofwhyyou’redoingit.Andcriticismwillprovideyouwiththeabilitytocontinuallymasterwhatyouaredoing.Playwiththesetoolsandyoucandoprettygoodthings.’”criticalcriticaladj.決定性的,關鍵性的,危急的；批評的,批判的Thetennisgamehasreachedacriticalstage.網球比賽進入了決定性階段。Itmeantanothercriticaldecisiontobemade.這意味著又要做出一個生死攸關的決定。Hernewbookreceivedcriticalacclaim.她的新作得到了評論家們的贊揚。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextAMV:“LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextA—civilrightsleader;prisonerfor27yearsforhisantiapartheidwork;cowinner,1993NobelPeacePrize;electedSouthAfrica’sfirstfreelychosenpresident(1994—1999)“Woundsthatcan’tbeseenaremorepainfulthanthosethatcanbeseenandcuredbyadoctor.Ilearnedthattoanotherpersonistomakehimsufferanunnecessarilycruelfate.Ilearnedthatcouragewasnottheabsenceoffearbuttheoverit.IfeltfearmyselfmoretimesthanIcanremember,butIhiditbehindamaskofboldness.Thebravemanisnothewhodoesnotfeelafraidbuthewhofear.Wherepeopleofgoodwillgettogetherandtranscendtheirdifferencesforthecommongood,peacefulandjustsolutionscanbefound,evenforthoseproblemsthatseemmostintractable.”conquershumiliateNELSONMANDELAtriumphhumiliatevt.causetofeelshame;hurttheprideof使蒙羞，羞辱，使丟臉Shehumiliatedmeinfrontofmyfriends.她當著我朋友的面羞辱我。Whydidyoucomeheretohumiliateyourself?你干嘛到這兒來自討沒趣呢？Hefelthimselfhumiliatedbythismercy.他因這份仁慈而自慚形穢。triumphn.①asuccessfulendingofastruggleorcontest；victory勝利HelenKeller’striumphoverdeafness,blindnessandmutenesswasamiracle.海倫·凱勒戰(zhàn)勝了聾啞和失明是一個奇跡。②theexultationofvictory歡欣Hegaveacryoftriumph.他得意地叫了起來。conquerv.toputdownbyforceorauthority；takepossessionofbyforce,asafteraninvasion；overcomebyconquest克服,征服,戰(zhàn)勝Whenwillscientistsconquercancer?科學家什么時候才能征服癌癥呢？Sheconqueredherfearandcrossedtheshakingbridgebyherself.她克服了恐懼，自己走過了搖搖晃晃的橋。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTextALANGUAGEINCONTEXTReadthefollowingsentencesandtelliftheyaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetext.Inthebracketsleadingeachstatement,put“T”fortrueor“F”forfalse1.()AndrewZuckermanis65yearsold.2.()DesmondTutuisthewinnerof1984GandhiPeacePrize.3.()Asachild,JaneGoodalldreamedoflivinginAfricawiththeanimals.4.()ClintEastwooddirectedUnforgivenandMillionDollarBaby.5.()ClintEastwooddidwesternsontheplainsofSpaininthepast.6.()InMassimoVignelli’slife,thegreatestthinghehaslearnedisthatthereisroomforeverybody.7.()NelsonMandelathoughtthatcouragewastheabsenceoffear.8.()NelsonMandelawasaprisonerfor27yearsforhisantiapartheidwork.FFTTTTFTLANGUAGEINCONTEXTReadthefoLANGUAGEINCONTEXTFillintheblankswiththewordsbelow.Changetheformswherenecessaryoverwhelmconquerindividualcontributionarrogantconsequenceadverselyhampertriumphcelebrity1.Lotsof

wereatthefilmpremiere.首映式2.Themountainwasfinally

byclimbersin1980.3.Thepurposeofthelawistoprotecttherightofthe

.4.I

apoundtowardsJane’sleavingpresent.5.Theactwasadoptedbya(n)

majority.6.Hehasbeenvery

.7.Nobodycantellwhatthe

maybe.8.Dirtanddiseaseare

tothebestgrowthofchildren.9.Prejudicesometimes

apersonfromdoingtherightthing.10.Hehadmetthechallengeand

.celebrities

conqueredindividualcontributed

overwhelming

arrogant

consequencesadverse

hamperstriumphed

LANGUAGEINCONTEXTFillintheLANGUAGEINCONTEXTRewritethefollowingsentenceswithhelpofthephrasesandexpressionsprovided.Theitalicizedpartineachsentencemayserveasthehints(提示)foryourtask.Thefirstsentenceisdoneforyougainfromabovealldreamof careaboutknockouttakeseriouslyprovidewithnotbut1.Hethoughthewouldbenefitfromgoingtoschool.

Hethoughthewouldgainfromgoingtoschool.2.Firstofall,youshouldknowwhatprofessionsuitsyou.

Youshouldaboveallknowwhatprofessionsuitsyou.3.Shedreamedaboutahandsomeyoungprincecomingtorescueherfromhermisery.

Shedreamedofahandsomeyoungprincecomingtorescueherfromhermisery.

4.Iamreallyfondofthestudentsinmyclass.

Ireallycareaboutthestudentsinmyclass.LANGUAGEINCONTEXTRewritetheLANGUAGEINCONTEXTRewritethefollowingsentenceswithhelpofthephrasesandexpressionsprovided.Theitalicizedpartineachsentencemayserveasthehints(提示)foryourtask.Thefirstsentenceisdoneforyougainfromabovealldreamof careaboutknockouttakeseriouslyprovidewithnotbut5.Thisjobhasquitedonemein.

Thisjobhasquiteknockedmeout.

6.Theydidthinkmuchoftheplan.Theydidtaketheplanseriously.

7.Theyfurnisheduswithfood.

Theyprovideduswithfood.

8.Sheislikeasinger,infact,sheisafilmstar.

Sheisnotasingerbutafilmstar.

LANGUAGEINCONTEXTRewritetheLANGUAGEINCONTEXTTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.我們希望從投資中獲得收益。2.這份工作要求你要勤奮、有幽默感，但最重要的是要自信。3.近期內我不考慮出國讀書。4.年輕人應該關心老人。5.那本書確實引起了我的共鳴。6.你的建議我總是認真對待的。7.供應給他們的食品不足。8.這所房子便是那位偉人出生的地方。Wehopetogainfromourinvestment.Thisjobneedsyoutobehard-working,humorous,andaboveall,self-confident.Iwouldn’tdreamofstudyingabroadinthenearfuture.Theyoungshouldcareabouttheold.Thatbookreallyknocksmeout.Ialwaystakeyoursuggestionsseriously.Theyareillprovidedwithfood.Thisisthehousewherethegreatmanwasborn.LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTranslatetLANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar情態(tài)動詞（modelverbs）基本概念情態(tài)動詞和助動詞一樣，是英語中的一種特殊動詞，不可以在句中獨立充當句子成分，而是與不帶to的動詞不定式一起使用，表示說話人對所談及的動作和事物的態(tài)度及看法，認為其可能、應該或必要等。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar情態(tài)動詞LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1.can/could1)表示能力。“能、能夠、會”

He

could

playthepianoattheageof6.

他在六歲時就會彈鋼琴了。

Acomputer

can'tthinkforitself.

計算機不會獨立思考。Eg.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which________justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.

A.shan’tB.can’t

C.needn’tD.mustn’tLANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar一、情態(tài)LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar2）表示客觀的可能性

Anybody

can

makemistakes.

任何人都會犯錯誤。

Drivingonthesnowyroads

canbeverydangerous.

在積雪的路上開車可能會有危險。Eg.ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometime.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.wouldLANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar2）表示LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammarcan在否定和疑問句中表達可能性時，有驚訝、懷疑、不相信之意，這時can與could沒有時間上的差異，只是could比can語氣更委婉、客氣。

How

can

itbetrue?Ican’tbelievemyeyes.

這怎么可能是真的？我簡直不敢相信我的眼睛。

It

couldn’tbeDad.Hewon’tbebackthistimeofevening.

那不大可能是爸爸，他不會在晚上這個時候回來。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammarcan在LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar3）表示許可

You

can

gowiththemifyoulike.

如果你愿意，你可以跟他們一起去。

---CanIhavealookatyournewdesign?---Yes,ofcourseyou

can.

我可以看一下你的新設計嗎？當然可以。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar3）表示LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar2.may/mightmay/might可以表示“許可”“可能性”“祝愿”1)表示許可時，may和might沒有時間之分，只是might比may更加委婉，更沒有把握。May/Might

Itroubleyoutopassmethebook?能不能麻煩你把那本書遞給我？---

May

Ilistentomusicwhiledoinghomework?---No,youmustn’t.

做作業(yè)時我能聽音樂嗎？不，不行。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar2.mLANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar2）表示可能性

may和might常用來表示將要發(fā)生或可能正在發(fā)生的可能性。might不是may的過去式，它所表示的可能性小一些。

Wemay

gocampingthisSaturday.

本周六我們可能去宿營。

Johnisabsent.He

mightbeill.

約翰沒來，他可能病了。---Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?---Sorry,Iamnotsure,butit____be.A.mightBwillC.mustD.canLANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar2）表示LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar3.must1）表示“必須”“一定要”，指說話人的主觀語氣，強調說話人的主觀意志。

You

mustcutdownonsmoking.

你必須少抽點煙。

---MustIcomebackbeforeten?---Yes,you

must.

我必須十點前回來嗎？是的，你必須回來。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar3.mLANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammarEg.You____betired---you’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.mustnotB.won’tC.can’tD.maynot2）表示推論，用在肯定句中表示有把握的推測，意為“一定、準是”。在疑問句或否定句中，用can和can’t.You

mustbekidding.Iknowyouknownothingaboutit.

你一定在開玩笑,我知道你對此一無所知。

It

can’tbeMum.Sheisatworknow.

那肯定不是媽媽，她現在正在上班。LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammarEg.LANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar3）在疑問句中must可用來征詢對方的愿望，表示“偏要、偏偏”。

Why

must

youfindanotherjobwhileyouhavegotone?

你已有一份工作，為什么偏偏再找一份？Eg.John,lookatthetime._____youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.NeedLANGUAGEINCONTEXTGrammar3）在疑LANGUAGEINCONTEXTFillintheblankswiththeappropriate

formsofthewords

given.1.Twoeyescansee

(see)morethanone.2.Youmustgo

(go)andseeadoctoratoncebecauseyou’vegotafever.3.—CanyouspeakJapanese?—No,Ican’t.4.—Hemaybe

(be)intheclassroom,Ithink.—No,hecan’tbe

(be)intheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.5.MayItakethisone?6.Thechildrenmustn’tplay

(play)footballontheroad.7.—MustIdomyhomeworkatonce?—No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto

.8.Theroomisinaterriblemess;itcan’thavebeencleaned

(clean).9.Passengersmaycross

(cross)bythefootbridge.10.There’salotofnoisefromthenextdoor.Theymustbehaving

(have)aparty.LANGUAGEINCONTEXTFillintheLANGUAGEINCONTEXTTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.我不能許諾什么，但我將盡力而為。2.那不可能是瑪麗，她在住院。3.此時他會在干什么呢？4.我可以用一下你的電話嗎？5.他們可能正在車站等候。Ican’tpromiseanything,butI’lldowantIcan.Thatcan’tbeMary—she’sinhospital.Whatcanshebedoingatthistime?MayIuseyourphone?Theymaybewaitingatthestation.LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTranslatetLANGUAGEINCONTEXTTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.6.那支球隊很可能贏得了足球賽，但我不知道，因為我沒去。7.牛津近年來可能改變很多，但它仍是一座美麗的城市。8.如果情況是這樣，我不妨一試。9.警察讓所有的車都停下來，他們準是在搜尋逃犯。10.我今天一定要記住去銀行。Theteammaywellhavewonthefootballmatch,butIdon’tknowbecauseIwasn’tthere.Oxfordmayhavechangedalotinrecentyears,butit’sstillabeautifulcity.Ifthat’sthecase,Imayaswelltry.Thepolicearestoppingallcars.Theymustbelookingfortheescapedprisoner.Imustremembertogotothebanktoday.LANGUAGEINCONTEXTTranslatetLANGUAGEINCONTEXTVocabularyleadn.belikelytoadolescencen.

pubertyn.

longstandingadj.

establishvt.uniqueadj.

identityn.

teenageadj.

clashwithrebelagainstsuppressvt.

confusingadj.

主角，主要演員有可能青春