青春須早為，豈能長(zhǎng)少年。?解憂書(shū)店，嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載，違者必究！2/2英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音（上海師范大學(xué)）解憂書(shū)店JieYouBookshopAchievementTest11單選(3分)Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________A.tracheaB.epiglottisC.velumD.uvula正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)2單選(3分)Thebackofthetonguehelpstoproduce__________sounds.A.dentalB.alveolarC.velarD.palatal正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)3單選(3分)/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.A.thetonguetiponorclosetothealveolarridgeB.theupperandlowerlipC.thetipofthetongueraisedclosetothehardpalateD.theupperteethandinnerlowerlip正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)4單選(3分)Thesoundsproducedwiththehelpoftheupperteetharecalled__________sounds.A.dentalB.labio-dentalC.post-alveolarD.bilabial正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)5單選(3分)Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.A.speechproductionB.publicspeechC.speechcontestD.telegraphicspeech正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)6單選(3分)Theorgansthattakepartinproductionofspeechsoundsarecalled__________A.pharyngealcavityB.speechorgansC.speechproductionD.nasalcavity正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)7單選(3分)Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.A.consonantsB.vowelsC.allophonesD.sounds正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)8單選(3分)InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).A.complementarydistributionB.freevariationC.aminimalsetD.regionaldifferences正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)9單選(3分)UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.A.broadB.phoneticC.narrowD.conventional正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)10單選(3分)/p/and/b/canappearininitialposition(asinpinandbin)andalsoinfinalposition(asinropeandrobe)．Theyareinphonemiccontrastandsaidtoforma_______________becausetheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddistinguishmeaning.A.allophonicdistributionB.segmentalphonemeC.complementarydistributionD.minimalpair正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)AchievementTest21單選(3分)Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.A.vocalcordsB.noseC.airstreamD.mouth正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)2單選(3分)The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.A.ReceivedB.RespectableC.RenownedD.Respected正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)3單選(3分)Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.A./?/B./?/C./e/D./i:/正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)4單選(3分)Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.A.allophoneB.vowelC.stressD.syllable正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)5單選(3分)Wordssuchasfire/fa??/,flour/fla??/,orloyal/l???l/areconsideredbythenativeEnglishspeakerstohaveonlyonesyllable,whereashigher/ha??/andplayer/ple??/aremorelikelytobeheardwithdisyllabicrealizationsbecausethethirdvowelisa__________.A.monophthongB.diphthongC.suffixD.triphthong正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)6判斷(2分)Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.正確答案：×7判斷(2分)DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.正確答案：√8判斷(2分)/i:/and/?/arebothhighfrontvowels,but/i:/isabitlowerandmoreforwardthan/?/.Inaddition,/i:/istenseinthattherootofthetongueismoreadvancedthanwith/?/,whichislax.正確答案：×9判斷(2分)Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst正確答案：×解析：AllEnglishdiphthongsaresaidtobefallingdiphthongs.10判斷(2分)Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.正確答案：√AchievementTest31判斷(2分)Themannerofarticulationreferstothewayinwhichtheairstreamisobstructed.Forexample,withplosivesounds,thearticulationactsinsuchawaythattheairistemporarilytrapped,andthensuddenlyreleased.正確答案：√2判斷(2分)Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.正確答案：×3判斷(2分)Plosivesoccurwhentheairstreamisblockedorstoppedcompletelybeforeitsrelease.Theyarealsoknownasstopsbecausetheyinvolvethecompleteblockageoftheairstream.正確答案：√4判斷(2分)Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.正確答案：√5判斷(2分)Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.正確答案：×6單選(3分)Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.A.placeB.obstructionC.aspirationD.vibration正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)7單選(3分)Whentheletterncomebeforegork,itispronouncedas/?/asinstrong,bang,thank,drink.However,whengisfollowedbyeori,theletternisreadas/n/asinstrange,stranger,arrange,longitudebecausethelettergispronouncedas__________.A./?/B./?/C./?/D./?/正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)8單選(3分)RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.A.frontB.centralC.tipD.root正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)9單選(3分)The/r/maybereplacedbyanalveolartap[?]inintervocalicpositions(e.g.very,sorry,tomorrow)andinword-final/r/__________withaninitialvowel(e.g.faraway).A.connectingB.joiningC.insertingD.linking正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)10單選(3分)Generallyspeaking,plosivesoundsundergothreestages:theclosingstage,thecompressionstageandthe__________stage.A.releaseB.unreleasedC.aspiratedD.unaspirated正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)AchievementTest41判斷(2分)ThegeneraldistributionofRPconsonantsisthatallconsonantscanoccurattheinitialpositionassingletonsexcept/n/,andthatallconsonantscanappearatthefinalpositionassingletonsexcept/h,w,j,r/.正確答案：×2判斷(2分)Thedark[?]hastwotypesofdistributions.Oneisinword-finalposition,aftervowel,asincallandreal,andalsoaftervowel,beforeconsonant,suchascoldandhelp.Theotherissyllabic[??]:e.g.littleandtable.正確答案：√3判斷(2分)Both‘clear’[l]and‘dark’[?]areformedwiththetipofthetonguetouchingtheteethridge.Theonlydifferenceisthatinthearticulationofthe‘clear’[l],thebackpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthehardpalate.Inthearticulationofthe‘dark’[?],thefrontpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthesoftpalateandslightlyvelarised,withaconcaveuppersurface.正確答案：×4判斷(2分)Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.正確答案：×5判斷(2分)Affricatesoccurwhenacompleteclosureismadesomewhereinthemouth,andthesoftpalateisraised.Airpressureincreasesbehindtheclosure,andisthenreleasedmoreslowlythaninplosives.正確答案：√6判斷(2分)Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.正確答案：√7判斷(2分)Inaudible(incomplete)releaseofplosivesreferstotheprocessofarticulationofaplosiveisnotcomplete.Ithasonlytwostages,namely,theclosureandthecompression,withouttherelease.正確答案：√8判斷(2分)Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.正確答案：×9判斷(2分)Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst正確答案：×10判斷(2分)Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.正確答案：√AchievementTest51單選(3分)Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).A.threeB.twoC.fiveD.four正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)2單選(3分)__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.A.ApproximantB.LateralC.SyllabicD.Nasal正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)3單選(3分)Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.A.maximumB.sonorityC.articulatoryD.minimum正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)4單選(3分)TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.A.combinationB.closedC.openD.r-syllable正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)5單選(3分)Statementsofwhatsequencesmayormaynotoccurarecalled__________.Thefulldescriptionofsuchconstraintsiscalledphonotactics.A.rulesB.constraintsC.regularitiesD.restrictions正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)6判斷(2分)Syllablesareunitsoflanguage,smallerthanawordbutlargerthanaphoneme,andeverylanguageissaidtohavesyllables.正確答案：√7判斷(2分)Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecoda.Thecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.正確答案：√8判斷(2分)Asyllabicconsonantistobeinterpretedphonologicallyas/?/plusaconsonant,butphoneticallyastheunder-stroke[??]combiningverticallinebelowaconsonant.Thus,thewordbuttonisphonologically['b?tn?]butphonetically/'b?t?n/.正確答案：×9判斷(2分)NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.正確答案：√10判斷(2分)Englishhasacomplexsystemofconsonantclusters,inwhichtwoormoreconsonantsoccurinsequenceinonsetorcodaposition.正確答案：√AchievementTest61單選(3分)__________stressistherelativedegreeofforcegiventoacertainsyllableinawordofmorethanonesyllablewhenitispronouncedinisolation,asifquotedfromadictionary.A.TonicB.SentenceC.WordD.Nuclear正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)2單選(3分)Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.A.qualityB.intensityC.reductionD.quantity正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)3單選(3分)Absenceofstressonasyllable,oronawordinsomecases,isfrequentlyassociatedinEnglishwithvowel__________,thechangesthatresultfromunstressedsyllables.A.reductionB.qualityC.pitchD.loudness正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)4單選(3分)__________,onthewhole,donothavemucheffectontheplacementofthebaseorrootelement.A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.AffixesD.Derivation正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)5單選(3分)Therearetwotypesof-ing+nouncombinations.Foronetype,the-ingformservesasamodifierofthenounandexpressesthepurposeofthenoun;forinstance,dining-roommeanstheroomfordining.Insuchcircumstances,thewordstressalwaysfallsonthe___________element.A.eitherB.firstC.secondD.neither正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)6判斷(2分)SomewordsinEnglishareshownindictionariesashavingthreelevelsofstress:primary,secondary,unstressedorweak.正確答案：√7判斷(2分)Ineverylexicalword,andinsomegrammaticalwords,onesyllableisidentifiedashavingprimarystress,thoughinmonosyllablesthestressisnotgenerallymarked.正確答案：√8判斷(2分)Wordstressistheframeworkuponwhichsentencestressandintonationcontourisbuilt.正確答案：√9判斷(2分)Thepitchmovementisassociatedwithsecondarystress,butnotwithprimarystress.A.B.正確答案：×10判斷(2分)Themajorstressontwo-syllablewordsismorelikelytofallonthesecondsyllableifthewordisanounoranadjective,andonthefirstsyllableifthewordisaverb.正確答案：×AchievementTest71單選(3分)Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.A.qualityB.quantity C.intensityD.reduction正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)2單選(3分)Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.A.minimumB.articulatoryC.sonority D.maximum正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)3單選(3分)InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).A.freevariation B.aminimalsetC.regionaldifferencesD.complementarydistribution正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)4單選(3分)The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.A.RespectedB.ReceivedC.Renowned D.Respectable正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)5單選(3分)Stressisbeingusedinamoregeneralway.Itreferstothesyllablethatreceiveslexicalstress.__________,ontheotherhand,isbeingusedinamorespecificway.Itisaplacewhereatonalmarkerwillfallonthelexicallystressedsyllable.A.Loudness B.EmphasisC.Intensity D.Accent 正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)6判斷(2分)Inmorethanthree-syllablewords,iftheprimarystressfallsonthethirdsyllableorlater,thesecondarystressareusuallymarkedononeoftheprecedingsyllables,forexample,introduction//?ntr?d?k?n/andeducation/e?uke??n/.正確答案：√7判斷(2分)WordstressinEnglishisnotaspredictableasitisinotherlanguages,andtherefore,thestressplacementinEnglishwordsisnotrule-governe正確答案：×8判斷(2分)Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecodThecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.正確答案：√9判斷(2分)NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.正確答案：√10判斷(2分)Incodaposition,themaximumnumberofclustersisfour.Manyclustersoftwoorthreeandvirtuallyallclusteroffouraretheresultofaddingaplural/s,z/orapasttense/t,d/inflectiontoastemendingintwoorthreeconsonants正確答案：√AchievementTest81判斷(2分)Thenotionofrhythmcomesfromtheunstressedsyllables.WordandsentencestresscombinetocreatetherhythmofanEnglishutterance.正確答案：×2判斷(2分)Justasinmusic,spokenEnglishmovesinregular,rhythmicbeatsfromstresstostress–irrespectiveofhowmanyunstressedsyllablesfallinbetween.正確答案：√3判斷(2分)Arhythmgroupcontainsmorethanonestressedsyllable,togetherwithunstressedsyllablesclusteringaboutitornone.正確答案：×4判斷(2分)Anyunstressedsyllablesthatmaycomebeforethefirstrhythmgroupdonotbelongtoanystress-group.Theyarethestrongbeatandarereadasquicklyaspossible.正確答案：×5判斷(2分)ChineselearnersofEnglisharelikelytoassignequalweighttoeachsyllable,regardlessofwhetherthesyllableisstressedorunstressed.正確答案：√6判斷(2分)Theepenthesis(orinsertion)ofglides[j,w]occursbecausetheyaretheleastmarkedepentheticconsonantsinhiatusposition.正確答案：√7判斷(2分)Anon-rhoticspeakerwillpronouncewordslikefaras/fɑ?r/,whereasarhoticspeakerdoesnotpronounce[r]atallunlessfollowedbyavowel.正確答案：×8判斷(2分)Forrhoticspeakers[r]ispronouncedjustbecausefarhasan[r]init,butfornon-rhoticspeakers[r]appearsinfarawaybecausethefirstwordendswithavowelandthesecondwordbeginswithavowel,namely,the[r]linksthetwowordstogether.正確答案：√9判斷(2分)Vowelswhichtrigger[r]-insertionnevertrigger[j]-insertionor[w]-insertion.Eachglidehasitsowndomain,althoughthedomainsexemptshortstressedvowels/e,?,?,?,?/,whichneveroccurword-finallyinEnglish.正確答案：√10判斷(2分)Generallyspeaking,theassimilationinvolvesbothvowelsandconsonants,particularlyacrosswordboundaries,butwithinwordstoo.正確答案：×AchievementTest91判斷(2分)Englishintonationhasthreesystemicfeatures:tonality,tonicityandtone.正確答案：√2判斷(2分)Apublicspeakertendstopauselessfrequentlytomaketheirmessageclearerormoreemphatic.Bycontrast,ifthespeakeriscommunicatingurgency,hemaycontainmorebreaks.正確答案：×3判斷(2分)Nomatterinspontaneousconversationorinmaterialreadaloud,thespeakermustpauseataproperplacewhereitmakessensebecausetheintonationphraseboundarymayacttodifferentiatebetweentwopossiblemeanings.正確答案：√4判斷(2分)Thenucleus,alsoknownasnuclearsyllableortonicsyllable,thesyllablethatbearsthenucleartone(afall,rise,fall-riseorrise-fall).正確答案：√5判斷(2分)Accenthaspotentialityforstress.Itinvolveshowaprominenceissupposedtobemade,whilestressreferstowhyaprominenceisplacedinacertainpositionofanintonationphrase.正確答案：×6判斷(2分)Pragmaticreasonsfordeaccentingthe‘lastcontentword’involveoldorrepeatedinformation,namely,wordsexpressknownorgiveninformation.正確答案：√7判斷(2分)Somewordshavelittlemeaningoftheirown.Theirmeaningcanbeinferredfromcertaincontext.Suchwordsareusuallynotaccentedeventhoughtheyarethelastcontentwords.正確答案：√8判斷(2分)Wheneverypartofanintonationphraseisbroughtintofocus,wehavenarrowfocus.Ifwefocusonlyononeparticularpart,wehavebroadfocus.正確答案：×9判斷(2分)Afallmayindicatedefiniteness,arisemaysuggestsomeimplications,andafall-risemayimplyincompleteness.正確答案：×10判斷(2分)Insentencenon-finalpositionthedifferenceintonemeaningbetweenlowrise,highrise,fall-riseormidleveltonevarietiesisnotgreat.Sometimesspeakersjustseemtoringthechangesbetweenthemtoavoidrepetition.正確答案：√AchievementTest101判斷(2分)Iftherearesyllablefollowingthenucleus(i.e.thetail),therisingpitchmovementdoesnothappenwhollyonthenuclearsyllable,asinthecaseofafall.Rather,thesyllableorsyllablesofthetailwillcontinuetomoveupwardsfromthepitchofthenuclearsyllable.正確答案：√2判斷(2分)Thepitchmovementforafall,eitherhighorlow,isallinonedirection,namelydownwards.Oftentherearesyllablesafterthenucleus,atail.Afterafallingnucleus,thetailisalwayshigh.正確答案：×3判斷(2分)Inacomplexlowlevelhead,thereisnoupwardmovementinthehead.Theonsetandalltheremainingsyllablesoftheheadareutteredonalowpitch.正確答案：√4判斷(2分)Asimpleheadisonethatcontainsonlyonestressedsyllable,whileacomplexheadscontainstwoormorestressedsyllables.正確答案：√5判斷(2分)Theheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlylowlevelpitch.正確答案：×6判斷(2分)Bydefinition,thepreheadcontainsnostressedsyllables,butoccasionally,preheadmayincludeasyllablethatislexicallystressedbutthatthespeakerchoosesnottostress.正確答案：√7判斷(2分)Thepreheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlyhighlevelpitch.正確答案：×8判斷(2分)Therelativeheightofthepitchrangewilldependonthefrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcords:thehigherthefrequencyofvibration,thelowerthepitch.正確答案：×9判斷(2分)AlthougheveryIPcontainsanucleus,notallIPscontainaprehead,headoratail.正確答案：√10判斷(2分)AcompleteIP,accordingtoJohnWells(2006),consistsoffourconstituentelements,namely,theprehead,thehead,thenucleusandthetail.正確答案：√期末考試1單選(3分)Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________.A.uvulaB.tracheaC.velumD.epiglottis正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)2單選(3分)/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.A.theupperteethandinnerlowerlipB.thetipofthetongueraisedclosetothehardpalateC.thetonguetiponorclosetothealveolarridgeD.theupperandlowerlip正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)3單選(3分)Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.A.publicspeechB.speechcontestC.telegraphicspeechD.speechproduction正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)4單選(3分)Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.A.soundsB.consonantsC.vowelsD.allophones正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)5單選(3分)UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.A.phoneticB.narrowC.broadD.conventional正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)6單選(3分)Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.A.vocalcordsB.mouthC.airstreamD.nose正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)7單選(3分)The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.A.RespectableB.ReceivedC.RespectedD.Renowned正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)8單選(3分)Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.A./?/B./e/C./?/D./i:/正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)9單選(3分)Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.A.vowelB.syllableC.allophoneD.stress正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)10單選(3分)Thedurationofadiphthongissimilartothatofa__________vowel.A.laxB.highC.longD.short正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)11單選(3分)Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.A.placeB.aspirationC.obstructionD.vibration正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)12單選(3分)WhenwediscusstheEnglishconsonant,webeginwithvoicingfirst,thentheplaceofarticulationandlastly,themannerofarticulation.Thesound__________,forinstance,issaidbrieflyasvoicelesspalate-alveolaraffricate.A./?/B./?/C./?/D./?/正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)13單選(3分)__________releasereferstotheairusedtoproducethestopisreleasedthroughthenoseratherthanthemouth,namely,thevelumisloweredbeforethestopclosureisremovedandtheairpressurewillbereleasedthroughthenoseinsteadofthemouth.A.IncompleteB.LateralC.InaudibleD.Nasal正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)14單選(3分)Fricativesoundscanbemaintainedaslongasthereisairinthelungs;forthisreasontheyareknownas__________.A.obstruentsB.continuantsC.sibilantsD.sonorant正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)15單選(3分)RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.A.centralB.frontC.tipD.root正確答案：C你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)16單選(3分)Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).A.fourB.threeC.twoD.five正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)17單選(3分)__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.A.SyllabicB.LateralC.ApproximantD.Nasal正確答案：A你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)18單選(3分)TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.A.combinationB.closedC.r-syllableD.open正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)19單選(3分)With__________clustersofthreeconsonants,thefirstsoundisalways/s/,thesecondsoundisavoicelessplosive/p,t,k/,andthethirdsoundisoneofthefourapproximants/l,r,w,j/.A.codaB.nucleusC.rhymeD.onset正確答案：D你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)20單選(3分)Therearecaseswhereaconsonantoraclustercouldbeeitherthecodatothefirstsyllableofaword,ortheonsettothesecond,wecansaythatitfulfilsbothfunctions,forinstance,the/b/inrabbit,the/st/inposting,the/n/and/m/incinema.Thisisknownas___________.A.syllabicityB.ambisyllabicityC.syllabificationD.bi-syllabicity正確答案：B你沒(méi)選擇任何選項(xiàng)21判斷(2分)Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.正確答案：×22判斷(2分)DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.正確答案：√23判斷(2分)Tonguepositionindicateswhetherthefront(asfor/i:,?,e,?/),thecentral(asfor/?:,?,?/)ortheback(asfor/ɑ:,?,?:,?,